रक्त

thumb|250px|uangali par rakt rakt (aangrezi : Blood) manav sharir ka ek mahattvapoorn bhag aur taral sanyoji ootak hai. yah rakt vahiniyoan ke andar vibhinn aangoan mean niyamit roop se gatishil rahata hai. rakt vahiniyoan mean pravahit hone vala rakt pray: gadha, tho da-sa chipachipa aur lal rang ka hota hai. yah ek jivit ootak hai. rakt, plajma aur rakt kanoan se mil kar bana hota hai. plajma ek nirjiv aur tarat madhyam hai, jisamean rakt kan tairate rahate haian. plajma ke madhyam se hi rakt ke kan sampoorn sharir mean pahuanchate rahate haian. 'rakt parisachanran sasthan' manav sharir ka vah parivahan tantr hai, jisake dvara ahar, aauksijan, pani evan any sabhi avashyak padarth ootak koshikaoan tak pahuanchate haian aur vahaan ke vyarth padarth le jaye jate haian. isamean rakt, hriday evan rudhir-vahiniyoan ka samavesh hota hai.

manav sharir mean matra

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rakt ek taral sanyoji ootak hai. yah halke ya gahare lal rang ka aparadarshi, gadha, kshariy v svad mean namakin hota hai. yah hriday evan rudhir vahiniyoan mean pravahit hokar sampoorn sharir mean nirantar paribhraman karata rahata hai. manushy ke sharir mean rakt ki matra sharir ke bhar ka lagabhag 7 se 8% hoti hai. atah ek svasth manushy ke sharir mean lagabhag 5 se 6 litar rakt hota haian, jo usake sampoorn sharir ke bhar ka lagabhag 9/13vaan bhag hota hai. striyoan ke sharir mean rakt ki matra lagabhag 4 se 5 litar hoti hai.

sanrachana

sanrachana ke adhar par manushy ke rakt ko do bhagoan mean vibhakt kiya gaya hai-

1. plajma - ayatan ke adhar par lagabhag 55 se 60% bhag.
2. rudhir kanikaean ya rudhiranu - lagabhag 40 se 45% bhag.

plajma

plajma rakt ka halke pile rang ka, kuchh kshariy, saph, paradarshak aur adharabhoot (maitriks) taral hota hai. yah rakt ka lagabhag 55 se 60% bhag banata hai. isamean 90 se 92% bhag jal tatha shesh 8 se 10% bhag mean kee prakar ke karbanik aur akarbanik padarth hote haian.

karbanik padarth

inamean sabase adhik matra mean plajma protins hote haian, jo mukhyatah 'elbyoomin', 'globyoolians' aur 'prothrombin' tatha 'phaibrinojan' se milakar bane hote haian. ye rakt ke parasaran dab ko nirdharit karate haian.

1. globyoolians - ye entib aaudij ka kam karate haian aur vishaile padarthoan, vairas aur jivanuoan ko nasht karate haian.
2. prothrombin tatha phaibrinojan - ye rakt ka thakka jamane mean sahayak haian. inake atirikt, h aaurmoans, sharkara, vitamin, amino aml, vasiy aml, entib aaudij, yoorik aml adi hote haian.

akarbanik padarth

inamean sabase adhik matra mean sodiyam baikarbonet tatha sodiyam kloraid upasthit hote haian. inake atirikt kuchh matra mean kailsiyam, maignishiyam, potaishiyam, loha adi ke ph aausphet, baikarbonet, salphet, kloraids adi bhi paye jate haian.

gaisean

uparyukt karbanik evan akarbanik padarthoan ke atirikt plajma mean aauksijan, karban dai-aauksaid, naitrojan v amoniya adi gaisean bhi ghulit avastha mean paee jati haian.

rakt kanikaean

plajma ke atirikt shesh rakt ka lagabhag 40-45% bhag rudhiranuoan ka bana hota hai. is bhag ko himetokrit kahate haian. manushy ke rakt mean nimnalikhit tin prakar ki rudhir kanikaean ya rudhiranu paee jati haian- thumb|400px|rakt koshika

1. lal rakt kanikaean

1. shvet rakt kanikaean

1. rakt pleantalets

lal rakt kanikaean

ye manushy tatha any sabhi kasheruki praniyoan mean hi paee jati haian tatha 99% rudhir kanikaean lal rudhiranu hi hote haian. vibhinn vargoan ke kasherukiyoan mean inaki sankhya, akar v pariman adi mean bhinnata hoti hai, kiantu inake pramukh kary sabhi mean saman hote haian. manushy ke lal rudhiranu chhote, chapate gol tatha donoan or se bich mean dabe hue hote haian. inamean kendrak nahian hota hai. ek ghan milimitar mean inaki sankhya lagabhag 55 lakh hoti hai. inaka vyas 8.0Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): \mu tatha motaee 1-2Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): \mu hoti hai. inaka jivanakal 120 din hota hai. inaka nirman asthiyoan ki lal majja mean hota haian. inaka pramukh kary aauksijan ka parivahan karana hai.

shvet rakt kanikaean

ye lal rudhir kanikaoan se b di, kiantu sankhya mean kam aniyamit akar ki evan kendrak yukt hoti haian. manushy ke ek ghan milimitar rudhir mean inaki sankhya lagabhag 7500 (6000-10,000) tak hoti hai. inamean himoglobin nahian paya jata hai. isalie ye safed ya rangahin hoti hai. inaka nirman pliha ke andar hota hai. ye mukhyat: hanikarak jivanuoan evan roganuoan ka bhakshan karati haian. ye do prakar ki hoti haian-

1. kanikamay shvet rudhiranu
2. kanikarahit shvet rudhiranu

rakt pletalets

ye keval staniyoan ke rudhir mean hi paee jati haian. manushy ke rakt mean inaki sankhya 2.5 lakh prati ghan milimitar hoti hai. ye ati sookshm, kendrakavihin, sankuchanashil, gol ya andakar, ubhayottar evan plet ke akar ki hoti haian. inamean 15% vasa 50% protin hoti hai. inaka kary kshatigrast bhag se bahate hue rakt ka thakka zamana hai. thakka jamane se use sthan se rudhir ka bahana band ho jata hai. inaka jivanakal 1-8 ya 10 din hota hai.

rakt ke kary

sharir mean rakt ke pramukh kary nimnalikhit haian-

• poshak padarthoan ka parivahan - rakt aharanal mean pachean hue avashoshit kie ge poshak padarthoan ko sharir ke vibhinn bhagoan mean pahuanchata hai.
• aauksijan ka parivahan - rakt shvasanaangoan (pheph doan adi) se aauksijan (O₂) ko lekar sharir ki vibhinn koshikaoan mean pahuanchata hai.
• karban daiaauksaid ka parivahan - koshikiy shvasan kriya mean utpann CO₂ rakt dvara shvasanaangoan mean pahuanch jati hai, jahaan se ise bahar nikal diya jata hai.
• utsarji padarthoan ka parivahan - rakt sharir mean utpann amoniya, yooriya, yoorik aml adi hanikarak padarthoan ko utsarji aangoan vrikkoan) tak pahuanchata hai, jahaan se inhean sharir se bahar nikal diya jata hai.
• any padarthoan ka parivahan - aant:stravi granthiyoan dvara stravit h aaurmoans, eanjaims evan entib aaudij ko rudhir ke vibhinn bhagoan mean sthanaantarit kiya jata hai.
• rogoan se suraksha - sharir ke kisi bhi bhag par hanikarak jivanuoan, vishanuoan v roganuoan adi ka akraman hote hi rudhir ke shvet rudhiranu inaka bhakshan karake inhean nasht kar dete haian. rudhir mean upasthit entib aaudij entit aauksin banakar vishaile aur bahari asangat padarthoan ko nishkriy karake inaka vighatan kar dete haian.
• sharir ka tap niyantran - rakt sharir ke vibhinn bhagoan mean tapaman ko niyantrit karake ek-sa banae rakhane ka mahattvapoorn kary karata hai. jab sharir ke adhik sakriy bhagoan mean bahut tivr upapachay ke phalasvaroop tap badhane lagata hai, tab rakt tvacha ki rudhir vahiniyoan mean adhik matra mean pravahit hokar sharir ki satah par apana aur sharir ka shitalan karata hai.
• sharir ki saphaee - rakt ki shvet rudhiranu mrit evan tooti-phooti koshikaoan ke kachare v any nirarthak vastuoan ka bhakshan karake inhean nasht karate haian. is prakar rakt sharir ki saphaee ka kary karata hai.
• rudhir ka jamana ya thakka jamana - chot lagane se rudhir vahiniyoan ke phatane par rudhir bahakar bahar jane se rokane ke lie rakt thakka jamane ka kary karata hai. is kriya mean rakt ki thr aaumbosaits sahayak hoti haian.
• ghav ka bharana - rakt avashyak padarth pahuanchakar sharir ke toote-phoote aangoan ki marammat v ahat bhagoan mean ghavoan ko bharane mean sahayata pradan karata hai.
• sharir ke aant: vatavaran ka samasthaitikata niyantran - rakt sharir ke vibhinn bhagoan ke bich samanvayan sthapit karake sharir ke aant: vatavaran ko uchit banae rakhate haian.
• anuvanshik bhoomika - rakt entijan ke karan anuvanshik star par mahattvapoorn bhoomika nibhata hai.

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panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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sanbandhit lekh

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