चंपा

chanpa bhagalapur zila, bihar mean sthit hai. yah nagari mahanh parakrami aur shooravir karn ki rajadhani mani jati hai. yah bihar ke maidani kshetr ka akhiri sira aur bihar-jharakhand ke kaimoor paha di ka milan sthal hai. prachin samay mean yah nagari hathidaant, shishe ke shilp adi saman ke lie bahut prasiddh thi. ganga nadi ke tat par sthit hone ke karan chanpa nagari arthik vyaparik kendroan se ju di huee thi. mahajanapad yug mean yah aang mahajanapad ki rajadhani hua karati thi.

itihas

maury poorv kal mean chanpa ek vikasit shilp-vyaparik nagari thi. yahaan ka reshami vastr vyavasay bahut prasiddh tha. bhagavan buddh aur bhagavan mahavir ke prachar ka yah pramukh kendr thi. jain tirthankar vasupoojy ki yah janmasthali thi. chanpa se shuangakalin moortiyaan bhi mili haian. fahyan ne chanpa ki yatra ki thi tatha isake vaibhav ka ullekh kiya hai. hven tsaang ne chanpa ko 'chenapo' nam se varnit kiya hai. eesa poorv 5vian sadi mean bhagalapur ko 'chanpavati' ke nam se jana jata tha. yah vah kal tha, jab ganga ke maidani kshetroan mean bharatiy samratoan ka varchash‍v badhata ja raha tha.

aupapatik-sootr mean is nagari ka suandar varnan hai aur nagari mean pushyabhadr ki vishramashala, vahaan ke udyan mean ashok vrikshoan ki vidyamanata aur kunik aur usaki maharani dharini ka chanpa se sanbandh adi batoan ka ullekh hai. isi granth mean tirthankar mahavir ka chanpa mean shamavasharan karane aur kunik ki chanpa ki yatra ka bhi varnan hai. chanpa ke kuchh shasanadhikariyoan jaise- 'gananayak', 'dandanayak' aur 'talabar' ke nam bhi is sootr mean die ge haian. jain uttaradhyayan sootr mean chanpa ke dhani vyapari palit ki katha hai, jo mahavir svami ka shishy tha. jain granth 'vividhatirthakalp' mean is nagari ki jain tirthoan mean ganana ki gee hai. is granth ke anusar barahavean tirthankar vasupoojy ka janm chanpa mean hua tha. is nagari ke shasak karakandu ne kuand namak sarovar mean parshvanath ki moorti ki pratishthapana ki thi. vir svami ne varsha kal mean yahaan tin ratean bitaeean thian. kunik (ajatashatru) ne apane pita bianbisar ki mrityu ke pashchath rajagrih chho dakar yahaan apani rajadhani banaee thi. yuvanachvaang ne chanpa ka varnan apane yatravrit mean kiya hai. 'dashakumaracharitr'^[1]mean bhi chanpa ka ullakh hai, jisase jnat hota hai ki yah nagari 7vian shati ee. ya usake bad tak bhi prasiddh thi.

pauranik ullekh

aang mahajanapad ko purane samay mean 'malini', 'chamh‍papuri', 'chamh‍pa malini', 'kala malini' adi ke nam se jana jata tha. atharvaved mean aang mahajanapad ko apavitr mana gaya hai, jabaki karn parv mean aang ko ek aise pradesh ke roop mean jana jata tha, jahaan path‍ni aur bachh‍choan ko becha jata tha. vahian doosari or mahabharat mean aang (chamh‍pa) ko ek tirth sthal ke roop mean pesh kiya gaya hai. is granth ke anusar aang rajavansh ke sansh‍thapak rajakumar 'aang' the, jabaki ramayan ke anusar yah vah sh‍than hai, jahaan kamadev ne apane aang ko kata tha.

vishnupuran^[2] se iangit hota hai ki prithulaksh ke putr chanp ne is nagari ko basaya tha-

'tatashchanpoyashchampa niveshayamas.'

janaral kaniangham ke anusar bhagalapur ke samipasth gram chanpanagar aur chanpapur prachin chanpa ke sthan par base haian.
mahabharat, shantiparv^[3] ke anusar jarasandh ne karn ko chanpa ya malini ka raja man liya tha-

'pritya badau s karnay malini nagaramath, shrangeshu narashardal s rajaasoth sapatnajith. palayamas champa ch karn: parabalardan:.'

vayupuran^[4]; harivanshapuran^[5] aur matsyapuran^[6] ke anusar bhi chanpa ka doosara nam malini tha. chanpa ko chanpapuri bhi kaha gaya hai-

'chanpasy tu puri chanpa ya malinyabhavath pura.'

nagar sanrachana

isase yah bhi soochit hota hai ki chanpa ka pahala nam malini tha aur chanp namak raja ne use chanpa nam diya tha. prachin kathaoan se soochit hota hai ki is nagari ke chaturdik chanpak vrikshoan ki malakar panktiyaan thian. is karan ise chanpamalini ya kevamalini kahate the. jatak kathaoan mean is nagari ka nam kalachanpa bhi milata hai. mahajanak jatak ke anusar chanpa mithila se 60 kos door thi. is jatak mean chanpa ke nagar dvar tatha prachir ka varnan hai, jisaki jain granthoan se bhi pushti hoti hai. aupapatik sootr mean nagar ke parakote, anek dvaroan, udyanoan, prasadoan adi ke bare mean nishchit nirdesh milate haian.

vyavasay

jatak kathaoan mean chanpa ki shri samriddhi tatha yahaan ke sanpann vyapariyoan ka anek sthanoan par ullekh hai. chanpa mean kaushay ya resham ka suandar kap da buna jata tha, jisaka door-door tak bharat se bahar dakshin-poorv eshiya ke anek deshoan tak vyapar hota tha.^[7] chanpa ke vyapariyoan ne hind-chin pahuanchakar vartaman anam ke pradesh mean chanpa namak bharatiy upanivesh sthapit kiya tha. sahity mean chanpa ka 'kunik' ajatashatru ki rajadhani ke roop mean varnan hai.

chanpapur ke pas karnagadh ki paha di bhagalapur ke nikat hai, jisase mahabharat ke prasiddh yoddha aangaraj karn se chanpa ka sanbandh prakat hota hai. yahaan ka samipatam rel steshan navanagar, bhagalapur se 2 mil (lagabhag 3.2 ki.mi.) hai. chanpa nagari isi nam ki nadi aur ganga ke sangam par sthit thi.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ dashakumaracharitr 2, 2
↑ vishnupuran 4, 18, 20
↑ shantiparv 5, 6-7
↑ vayupuran 99, 105-106
↑ harivanshapuran 31, 49
↑ matsyapuran 48, 97
↑ reshami kap de ki bunaee ki yah paranpara vartaman bhagalapur mean abhi tak chal rahi hai.

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[1] shakumaracharitr 2, 2

[2] vishnupuran 4, 18, 20

[3] shantiparv 5, 6-7

[4] vayupuran 99, 105-106

[5] rivanshapuran 31, 49

[6] tsyapuran 48, 97

[7] reshami kap de ki bunaee ki yah paranpara vartaman bhagalapur mean abhi tak chal rahi hai.

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]