मिथिला

jab ham kosalapuri ayodhya ka nam lete haian, us samay videh-puri mithila ka bhi smaran ho ata hai. ye donoan hi dharmik puriyaan har kal mean hamare lie prerana evan sanbal ka srot rahi haian. yah vartaman mean uttari bihar aur nepal ki taraee ka ilaqa hai jise mithila ya mithilaanchal ke nam se jana jata tha. mithila ki lokashruti kee sadiyoan se chali a rahi hai jo apani bauddhik paranpara ke liye bharat aur bharat ke bahar jana jata raha hai. is ilake ki pramukh bhasha maithili hai. dharmik granthoan mean sabase pahale isaka ullekh ramayan mean milata hai. bihar-nepal sima par videh (tirahut) ka pradesh jo kosi aur gandaki nadiyoan ke bich mean sthit hai. is pradesh ki prachin rajadhani janakapur mean thi. mithila ka ullekh mahabharat, ramayan, puran tatha jain evan bauddh granthoan mean hua hai.

ramayan-kal

ramayan-kal mean yah janapad bahut prasiddh tha tatha sita ke pita janak ka rajy isi pradesh mean tha. mithila janakapur ko bhi kahate the.^[1] ahilyashram mithila ke sannikat sthit tha.
valmiki ramayan^[2] ke anusar mithila ke rajyavansh ka sansthapak nimi tha. mithi isake putr the aur mithi ke putr janak. inhian ke nam rashi vanshaj sita ke pita janak the. hamare sahity evan maukhik paramparaoan mean mithila ke raja janak utane hi jivit haian, jitana ki ayodhya ke raja dasharath. ve apani darshanik abhiruchi tatha anasakti ke liye prasiddh the.
ramayan ke anusar mithila ke nagarik shisht evan atithiparayan the. is granth ke anusar maharshi vishvamitr ram evan lakshman ko sath lekar char dinoan ki yatra karane ke pashchath mithila pahuanche the.

puran

vayu puran^[3] aur vishnu puran^[4] mean nimi ko videh ka raja kaha hai tatha use ikshvaku vanshi mana hai.^[5] mithila raja mithi ke nam par prasiddh hue. vishnu puran mean mithilavan ka ullekh hai.^[6] vishnu puran^[7] mean mithila ko videh nagari kaha gaya hai.
majjhimanikay^[8] aur nimijatak mean mithila ka sarvapratham raja makhadev bataya gaya hai. jatak^[9] mean mithila ke mahajanak namak raja ka ullekh hai.

mahabharat

mahabharat mean mithila ke janak ki nimn darshanik uktiyoan ka ullekh hai.^[10] vastav mean janak nam ke rajaoan ka vansh mithila ka sarvaprasiddh rajy vansh tha. mahabharat^[11] mean bhim sen dvara videharaj janak ki parajay ka varnan hai. mahabharat mean mithiladhip janak ka ullekh hai.^[12]
mahabharat ke sabhaparv mean varnan milata hai ki krishna apane sath pandavoan ko lekar is nagar mean aye the.
mahabharat mean ek katha ati hai jisake anusar mithila ka nagar bhayankar agnidah mean khak hone laga. is samay janak jara bhi vichalit nahian hue. unhoanne b di hi anasakti ke sath logoan se kaha ki yah sahi hai ki meri rajadhani aj jal kar khatm hone ja rahi hai par mujhe is bat ki koee chinta nahian hai, kyoanki isamean mera apana kuchh bhi nahian jal raha hai. isalie janak ko videh kaha gaya hai.

jain tirth

jain granth vividhakalp sootr mean is nagari ka jain tirth ke roop mean varnan hai. is granth se nimn soochana milati hai, isaka ek any nam jagati bhi tha. isake nikat hi kanakapur namak nagar sthit tha. mallinath aur neminath donoan hi tirthankaroan ne jain dharm mean yahian diksha li thi aur yahian unhean 'kaivaly jnan' ki prapti huee thi. yahian akanpit ka janm hua tha. mithila mean ganga aur gandaki ka sangam hai. mahavir ne yahaan nivas kiya tha tatha apane paribhraman mean vahaan ate-jate the. jis sthan par ram aur sita ka vivah hua tha vah shakaly kund kahalata tha. jain sootr-prajnapana mean mithila ko mililavi kaha hai.

jatakoan ke anusar

jatakoan ke anusar yah nagari tin tarah ki khaiyoan se ghiri huee thi:-

udak-parikha (jal se bhari khaee).
kardam-parikha (kich d se bhari khaee).
shushk-parikha (sookhi khaee).

yahaan ullekhaniy hai ki in tinoan koti ki parikhayean pray: unhian nagaroan mean hoti thian, jinaka vishesh mahattv hua karata tha. isake pahale nirdesh kiya ja chuka hai ki vaishali nagar bhi in tinoan tarah ki khaiyoan se ghira hua tha. ye donoan hi nagar buddh-kal mean vajjisangh ke andar ate the. atev bahut sanbhav hai ki usi samay in donoan hi nagaroan mean suraksha ki drishti se tinoan hi tarah ki parikhaean khod di geean.

jan jivan

mithila ke prasang mean is tarah ki aur bhi madhur ghatanaoan ki smritiyaan hamare prachin sahity ke pannoan mean surakshit haian. vahaan ke nagarik kala aur sanskriti ke premi the. mahilaean bahumooly abhooshan tatha sugandhit dravoan ko vyavahar mean lati thian. nagar ke bhitar ooanchi attalikaean, ramy chatvar, manoram vatikaean evan udyan maujood the. mithila nam kaise p da, is sanbandh mean puranoan mean ek bharatiy parampara ullikhit milati hai. isake anusar is nagar ko mithi namak raja ne basaya. ve is puri ko janm dene mean samarth siddh hue, atev ve janak nam se prasiddh ho ge.

vyaparik sambandh

ganga-ghati ke nagaroan ke sath mithila ka vyaparik sambandh sada se hi tha. shravasti evan kashi ke vyapari yahaan ate the. vahaan ke nagarik banarasi silk ke b de hi shauqin the. jatak granthoan ke anusar mithila-nareshoan ke darabari kashi ke silk ki dhoti, pag di aur mirjee pahanate the. mithila-nagarik b de hi utsahi the. vahaan ke jijnasu navayuvak adhyayan ke liye pahale takshashila jaya karate the, jo is nagar se saik doan mil ki doori par sthit tha. atev lagata hai ki bahut prarambh mean mithila-puri shiksha-kendr n thi. par bad mean vahaan bauddhik vikas b di shighrata ke sath aranbh hua. bahy akramanoan se surakshit hone ke karan is nagar ka vatavaran shantimay tha. phalat: vahaan shiksha evan uchch sanskriti ki abhivriddhi sanbhav huee. yah puri panditoan ki khan samajhi jane lagi. mithila-mandal ke vidvanoan mean mandanamishr ullekhaniy haian, jinhoanne shankarachary se takkar li thi jayadev evan vidyapati mithila ki vibhooti the.

mahattv

kuchh dinoan tak yahaan tirabhukti, jise tirahut bhi kaha jata hai, ki bhi rajadhani sthit thi. isilie log kabhi-kabhi is pur ko 'tirabhukti' bhi kahate the. is nam ke p dane ka karan yah tha ki yah pradesh b di gandak aur bagamati, in donoan nadiyoan ke tir (tatoan) ke bich sthit tha. aj ke yug mean bhi hamare dharmik evan saanskritik jivan mean mithila ka ek vishesh sthan hai. is nagar ka pratinidhitv adhunik janakapur karata hai, jisake darshanarth bharatavasi door bhagoan se bhi prabhoot sankhya mean vahaan ekatr hote haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ ’tat: paramasatkaran sumate prapy raghavau, upyatatr nish:mekaan jagmatu: mithila tat:
taan ddashtava munay: sarve janakasy purian shubhamh sadhusadhvatishansanto mithilaan sanpoojayanh.
mithil pavane tatr ashraman ddashy raghav:
, puran nijane ramyan prayachchh munipuangavamh’
, de. valmiki ramayan balakand 48-49
↑ valmiki ramayan, 1,71,3
↑ vayu puran 88,7-8
↑ vishnu puran 4, 5, 1
↑ de. videh
↑ ’sa ch badavashatayojan pramanamagamatita punarapi vahyamana mithilavanoddeshe prananutsasarj’, vishnu puran 4, 13, 93
↑ vishnu puran 4, 13, 107
↑ majjhimanikay 2, 74, 83
↑ jatak san. 539
↑ mithilayaan pradiptayaan name dahyati kianch’ mahabharat, shaantiparv 219 dakshinaty path
↑ mahabharat, sabhaparv 30, 13
↑ kenavritten vritajn janako mithiladhip:’ shaantiparv 218, 1

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[1] ’tat: paramasatkaran sumate prapy raghavau, upyatatr nish:mekaan jagmatu: mithila tat:
taan ddashtava munay: sarve janakasy purian shubhamh sadhusadhvatishansanto mithilaan sanpoojayanh.
mithil pavane tatr ashraman ddashy raghav:
, puran nijane ramyan prayachchh munipuangavamh’
, de. valmiki ramayan balakand 48-49

[2] valmiki ramayan, 1,71,3

[3] vayu puran 88,7-8

[4] vishnu puran 4, 5, 1

[5] . videh

[6] ’sa ch badavashatayojan pramanamagamatita punarapi vahyamana mithilavanoddeshe prananutsasarj’, vishnu puran 4, 13, 93

[7] vishnu puran 4, 13, 107

[8] y 2, 74, 83

[9] tak san. 539

[10] thilayaan pradiptayaan name dahyati kianch’ mahabharat, shaantiparv 219 dakshinaty path

[11] rat, sabhaparv 30, 13

[12] vritten vritajn janako mithiladhip:’ shaantiparv 218, 1

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]

[7]

[8]

[9]

[10]

[11]

[12]