थॉमस हिल ग्रीन

th aaumas hil grin (aangrezi: Thomas Hill Green, janm- 7 aprail, 1836 ee., y aaurkashayar, ianglaind; mrityu- 15 march, 1882 ee., aauksaford) aangrez vijnanavadi darshanik, aauksaford vishvavidyalay mean hvait prophesar the.

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darshanik vichar

th aaumas hil grin ne darshan mean un sab siddhaantoan ka prabal virodh kiya hai, jo manav man ko asanbaddh anubhav ki matr shrriankhala manate haian athava manushy ko prakritik oorjaoan ka parinam batate haian. unaka kathan tha ki aise siddhaantoan ke anusar jnan asanbhav ho jata hai aur nitidharana arthahin ho jati hai. manav jivan karm ke jnata aur use karane mean samarth atma ke vyaktigat astitv ka praman hai. chetana mean keval anubhav ka parivartan nahian, parivartanoan ka anubhav aur anubhav ke vishay se bhinn usake anubhavakarta atm ka anubhav bhi, avashyamev hota hai. jnan man dvara chetana mean sanbaddh karane ki kriya hai. vijnan tatha darshan mean saty ko khoj ki j d mean yah vishvas avashy hi hota hai ki jnan ka vishay buddhigamy pratyayatmak sanbandhatantr haian. isaliye manana p data hai ki ek aise tatv ka astitv hai, jisase sab sanbandh sanbhav hote haian, parantu jo svayan un sanbandhoan dvara nirdharit nahian hai; ek aisi nity atmabodhayukt chetana hai, jise vah sab kuchh samashti roop se jnat hai, jisaka ham sabako keval asaty hi pata hai.

nitidarshan

th aaumas hil grin ka vichar tha ki is prakar ke tatvavichar par hi nitidarshan tik sakata hai. nitidarshan mean padarpan ke liye pahale manushy ke adhyatmik roop mean vishvas avashyak hai. atmabodh athava atmachiantan mean manav ka samarthy, karm tatha uttaradayitv ka jnan hota hai. manushy ka vastavik hit inhian sanbhavanaoan ki siddhi mean hai. usaka utprerak atmabodh ke liye vaanchhaniy pratit hone vala shubh sadhy hai. sankalp kriya kisi vishisht prakar ki atm prapti 'selphr riyalaizeshan' hi hai. isaliye n vah akaran hai, n bahy nirdharit. atma ka aise utprerak ke sath tadatmy atm nirdharan hai. yah bauddhik bhi hai aur svatantr bhi, kuchh bhi kar lene ko samarthy nahian apane ko buddhi dvara prakat apane vastavik hit se tadroop kar dena hai. apana vastavik hit vyaktigat charitr vikas mean hai. isaliye paramarth athava naitik adarsh ki prapti keval aise samaj mean ho sakati hai, jo vyaktiyoan ka vyaktitv surakshit rakhate hue bhi unhean samajik samashti mean samavisht kar sake. vyakti apane svaroop ko samaj ke bina prapt nahian kar sakata aur samaj apane svaroop ko vyaktiyoan ke bina nahian pahuancha sakata hai.

grin ke in vicharoan ke anusar nagarik tatha rajanitik kartavy bhi vyakti ke svabhav mean hi nihit haian. naitik kalyan vyaktigat sadgunoan ke vikas tak simit nahian ho sakata. vyaktigat sadgunoan par rajanitik tatha samajik kartavyoan ke roop mean sakar hone ka uttaradayitv hai. inamean hi vyaktiyoan ke charitr ka vikas hoga. vastavik rajanitik sansthaean adarsh nahian hotian. phir bhi unake dvara adhikaroan tatha kartavyoan ki suraksha honi hi chahie. isiliye kabhi-kabhi rajy ke hi hit mean rajy ke adarshh‌ uddeshy ki suraksha ke liye rajy ke viruddh kraanti karana bhi kartavy ho jata hai. rajy ka adhar tatha uddeshy nagarikoan dvara apane vastavik svaroop ka adhyatmik bodh hai. vah shakti nahian sankalp ke hi sahare sthit hai.

rachanaean

th aaumas hil grin ki do pramukh rachanaean haian-

1. nitidarshan ke kshetr mean 'prolegomena tu ethiks'
2. rajyadarshan ke kshetr mean 'lekchars aaun di priansipals aauf politikal aaubligeshan'

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh