मखाना

makhana (aangrezi: Fox Nut, vanaspatik nam: yoorel faroks Euryale ferox) ko prikali lili yane kaante yukt lili kahate haian kyoanki isamean patti ke danthal evan phaloan tak par chhote-chhote kaante lage hote haian. yah kamal kul ka ek bahuvarshiy paudha haian. vanaspati shastr mean ise yoorel faroks kahate haian. isamean j dakand hota hai. b di-b di gol pattiyaan pani ki satah par hari pletoan ki tarah tairati rahati haian. isamean sundar nile, jamuni ya lal kamal jaise phool khilate haian. jinhean nilakamal kahate haian. paranpara ke mutabiq kamal ka phool dhan ki devi lakshmi ko vishesh roop se priy hai. lihaza, kamal aur makhana donoan ka pooja mean b da mahatv hai. makhana ki kheti bharat ke alava chin, japan, koriya aur roos mean bhi ki jati hai. isaka phal spanji hota hai. phal ko beri kahate haian. phal aur bij donoan khae jate haian phal mean 8-20 tak bij lagate haian. bij matar ke dane ke barabar akar ke hote haian aur inaka kavach kathor hota hai. lagabhag 65 pratishat makhana bihar mean ugaya jata hai.

kya hai makhana

makhana vastut: phaksanat ke bijoan ki laee hai. vaise hi jaise papakarn makka ki laee hai. isamean lagabhag 12 pratishat protin hota hai. makhana banane ke lie isake bijoan ko phal se alag kar dhoop mean sukhate haian. sangrahan ke dauran nam banae rakhane ke lie in par pani chhianta jata hai. isaki laee ki gunavatta bijoan mean upasthit nami par nirbhar karati hai. dhoop mean sukhane par unamean 25 pratishat tak nami bachi rahati hai. sookhe nats ko lak di ke hatho doan se pita jata hai is tarah gari alag hone par bij achchhi tarah se sookhate haian. sookhe bijoan ko alag-alag shreni mean baantane ke lie unhean chalaniyoan se chhana jata hai. bij ek saman akar ke hoan to bhoonate samay asani hoti hai. b de bij achchhi kvaliti ke mane jate haian.

bij bane laee

bijoan ko b de-b de lohe ke kadhavoan mean seanka jata hai. phir inhean tempariang ke lie 45-72 ghantoan ke lie tokaniyoan mean rakha jata hai. is tarah inaka kathor chhilaka dhila ho jata hai. bijoan ko laee mean badalana ek shramasadhy kary hai. kadhav mean siank rahe bijoan ko 5-7 ki sankhya mean hath se uthakar thos jagah par rakhakar lak di ke hatho doan se pita jata hai. is tarah garm bijoan ka k dak khol tezise phatata hai aur bij phatakar laee (makhana) ban jata hai. bijoan ke aandar atyadhik garm vashp banane aur tej dabav se chhilaka hatane se aisa hota hai. jitane bijoan ko seka jata hai unamean se keval ek tihaee hi makhana banate haian.

makhanoan ki palish

laee banane par unaki p aaulish aur chhantaee ki jati hai. is hetu inhean baans ki tokaniyoan mean rakhakar rag da jata hai. is prakar inake oopar laga katthee-lal rang ka chhilaka hat jata hai. yahi p aaulishiang chaval ko bhi saphed banane ke lie mashinoan se unhean palish karate haian. halaanki aisa karane se usake kee poshak tatv hat jate haian. p aaulish karane par mile saphed makhanoan ko unake akar ke anusar do-tin shreniyoan mean chhaant liya jata hai. phir unhean polithin ki part lage gani baig mean bhar diya jata hai. ye itane halke hote haian ki ek bore mean matr 8-9 kilo makhane samate haian.

makhana vyanjan

yah ek susvad pachak bhoy padarth hai. ise sada ya phir masale ke sath ghi mean bhoonakar svadisht banate haian. kuchh log ise mevoan ke sath bhi prayog mean late haian. yah itana svadisht hota hai ki isaki madad se bachchoan ko jank phood se bachaya ja sakata hai. isase bani makhana khir, makhana rayata, makhana sevee ki to bat hi nirali hoti hai. manipur ke kuchh ilakoan mean isake j dakand aur patti ke danthal ki sabzi bhi banate hai. isase ararot bhi banata hai.

utpadan kshetr

darabhanga sthit rashtriy makhana shodh sansthan ke anusar bharat mean lagabhag 13,000 haiktar namabhoomi mean makhanoan ki kheti hoti hai. yahaan lagabhag nabbe hajar tan bij paida hota hai. desh ka 80 pratishat makhana bihar ki namabhoomi se ata hai. isake alava isaki chhitaput kheti alavar, pashchim bangal, asam, u disa, jammoo-kashmir, manipur aur madhy pradesh mean bhi ki jati hai. parantu desh mean tezise khatm ho rahi namabhoomi ne isaki kheti aur bhavishy mean upalabdhata par saval kh de kar die haian. yadi svadisht svasthyavardhak makhana khate rahana hai to desh ki namabhoomiyoan ko bhi bachana hoga. namabhoomiyoan ko prakriti ke gurde bhi kahate haian aur pata chalata hai ki yahaan uga makhana hamari kidaniyoan ki bhi raksha karata hai.

vishesh mahattv

makhana ko devataoan ka bhojan kaha gaya hai. upavas mean isaka vishesh roop se upayog hota hai. pooja evan havan mean bhi yah kam ata hai. ise argenik harbal bhi kahate haian. kyoanki yah bina kisi rasayanik khad ya kitanashi ke upayog ke ugaya jata hai. achary bhavamishr (1500-1600) dvara rachit bhav prakash nighantu mean ise padmabijabh evan paniy phal kaha gaya hai. isake anusar makhana bal, vajikar evan grahi hai. ise prasav poorv evan pashchath aee kamazori door karane ke lie doodh mean pakakar khilate haian. yah supachy hai tatha ahar ke roop mean isaka upayog kiya jata hai. isake aushadhiy gunoan ke chalate amarikan harbal phood prodakt esosieshan dvara ise klas van phood ka darja diya gaya hai. yah jirn atisar, lyookoriya, shukranuoan ki kami adi mean upayogi hai. isamean enti-aauksideant hone se yah shvasan tantr, mootr-jananatantr mean labhaprad hai. yah blad preshar evan kamar tatha ghutanoan ke dard ko niyantrit karata hai. isake bijoan mean protin, karbohaidret, vasa, kailshiyam evan phasphoras ke atirikt kerotin, lauh, nikotinik aml evan vitamin bi-1 bhi paya jata hai.

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