ध्यान चन्द
dhyan chand
| |
| poora nam | mejar dhyanachand sianh |
| janm | 29 agast, 1905 |
| janm bhoomi | ilahabad |
| mrityu | 3 disanbar, 1979 |
| mrityu sthan | nee dilli |
| abhibhavak | sameshvar datt sianh (pita) |
| karm bhoomi | bharat |
| khel-kshetr | h aauki |
| puraskar-upadhi | padm bhooshan (1956) |
| prasiddhi | h aauki ka jadoogar |
| vishesh yogadan | olampik kheloan mean bharat ko lagatar tin svarn padak (1928, 1932 aur 1936) dilane mean mejar dhyanachand ka aham yogadan hai. |
| nagarikata | bharatiy |
| any janakari | dhyanachand ke janmadin (29 agast) ko bharat ka 'rashtriy khel divas' ghoshit kiya gaya hai. |
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mejar dhyan chand (aangrezi: Major Dhyan Chand; janm: 29 agast, 1905, ilahabad; mrityu: 3 disanbar, 1979, nee dilli) bharatiy h aauki khila di the, jinaki ginati shreshthatam kalajayi khila diyoan mean hoti hai. manana hoga ki h aauki ke khel mean dhyan chand ne lokapriyata ka jo kirttiman sthapit kiya, usake asapas bhi aj tak duniya ka koee khila di nahian pahuanch saka. mejar dhyan chand rat mean bhi bahut abhyas karate the, isalie unhean unake sathi khila diyoan dvara upanam 'chaand' diya gaya. darasal, unaka yah abhyas chaand ke nikal ane par shuroo hota tha. 1979 mean dada dhyanachand ki koma mean jane ke bad maut huee, lekin jab tak ve hosh mean rahe, bharatiy h aauki ke prati chiantit rahe.
h aauki mean dhyanachand sa khila di n to hua hai aur n hoga. vah jitane bade़ khila di the utane hi nekadil iansan the. h aauki ke is jadoogar ka asali nam dhyanasianh tha, lekin jab fauj mean unhoanne bale tivari ke margadarshan mean h aauki sanbhali to sabhi sneh se unhean dhyanachand kahane lage aur is tarah unaka nam hi dhyanachand p d gaya.[1]
jivan parichay
h aauki ke jadoogar dada dhyanachand ka janm prayag (ilahabad) ke ek sadharan rajapoot parivar mean 29 agast, 1905 ko hua. kalaantar mean unaka parivar ilahabad se jhaansi a gaya. unake baly-jivan mean khila dipan ke koee vishesh lakshan dikhaee nahian dete the. isalie kaha ja sakata hai ki h aauki ke khel ki pratibha janmajat nahian thi, balki unhoanne satat sadhana, abhyas, lagan, sangharsh aur sankalp ke sahare yah pratishtha arjit ki thi.
bachapan
sadharan shiksha prapt karane ke bad 16 varsh ki avastha mean sena mean ek sadharan sipahi ki haisiyat se bharati ho ge. jab 'pharst brahman rejimeant' mean bharati hue us samay tak unake man mean h aauki ke prati koee vishesh dilachaspi ya ruchi nahian thi. dhyanachand ko h aauki khelane ke lie prerit karane ka shrey rejimeant ke ek soobedar mejar tivari ko hai. mejar tivari svany bhi h aauki premi aur khila di the. unaki dekh-rekh mean dhyanachand h aauki khelane lage aur dekhate hi dekhate vah duniya ke ek mahanh khila di ban ge.
khel parichay
dhyanachand ko phutab aaul mean pele aur kriket mean braidamain ke samatuly mana jata hai. geand is qadar unaki stik se chipaki rahati ki pratidvandvi khila di ko aksar ashanka hoti ki vah jaduee stik se khel rahe haian. yahaan tak h aaulaiand mean unaki h aauki stik mean chuanbak hone ki ashanka mean unaki stik to d kar dekhi gee. japan mean dhyanachand ki h aauki stik se jis tarah geand chipaki rahati thi use dekh kar unaki h aauki stik mean goand lage hone ki bat kahi gee. dhyanachand ki h aauki ki kalakari ke jitane kisse haian utane shayad hi duniya ke kisi any khila di ke babat sune ge hoan. unaki h aauki ki kalakari dekhakar h aauki ke murid to vah-vah kah hi uthate the balki pratidvandvi tim ke khila di bhi apani sudhabudh khokar unaki kalakari ko dekhane mean mashagool ho jate the. unaki kalakari se mohit hokar hi jarmani ke rudolph hitalar sarikhe jiddi samrat ne unhean jarmani ke lie khelane ki peshakash kar di thi. lekin dhyanachand ne hamesha bharat ke lie khelana hi sabase b da gaurav samajha. viyana mean dhyanachand ki char hath mean char h aauki stik lie ek moorti lagaee aur dikhaya ki dhyanachand kitane jabardast khila di the. sunane mean ye sabhi ghatanaean bhale atishayoktipoorn lage, lekin ye sabhi batean kabhi hakikat rahi haian.[1] thumb|mejar dhyanachand sianh|left
bharat ko dilaye tin svarn padak
dhyanachand ne tin olimpik kheloan mean bharat ka pratinidhitv kiya tatha tinoan bar desh ko svarn padak dilaya. aank doan se bhi pata chalata hai ki vah vastav mean h aauki ke jadoogar the. bharat ne 1932 mean 37 maich mean 338 gol kie, jisamean 133 gol dhyanachand ne kie the. doosare vishv yuddh se pahale dhyanachand ne 1928 (emsatardam), 1932 (l aaus eanjils) aur 1936 (barlin) mean lagatar tin olianpik mean bharat ko h aauki mean gold medal dilae. doosara vishv yuddh n hua hota to vah chhah olianpik mean shirakat karane vale duniya ke sanbhavat: pahale khila di hote hi aur is bat mean shak ki qatee guanjaish nahian in sabhi olianpik ka gold medal bhi bharat ke hi nam hota.[1]
khel bhavana
1933 mean ek bar vah ravalapindi mean maich khelane ge. is ghatana ka ullekh yahaan isalie kiya ja raha hai ki aj h aauki ke khel mean khila diyoan mean anushasanahinata ki bhavana badhati ja rahi hai aur khel ke maidan mean khila diyoan ke bich kafi tezi a jati hai. 14 panjab rejimeant (jisamean dhyanachand bhi sammilit the) aur saipars end mainars tim ke bich maich khela ja raha tha. dhyanachand us samay khyati ki charam sima par pahuanch chuke the. unhoanne apane shanadar khel se virodhiyoan ki rakshapankti ko chhinn-bhinn kar diya aur darshakoan ko mantramugdh kar diya. is par virodhi tim ka seantar-haph apana santulan kho baitha aur asavadhani mean usake hathoan dhyanachand ki nak par chot lag gee. khel turant rok diya gaya. prathamik chikitsa ke bad dhyanachand apani nak par patti bandhavakar maidan mean laute. unhoanne chot marane vale pratidvandi ki pith thapathapaee aur muskarakar kaha-"savadhani se khelo taki mujhe dobara chot n lage." usake bad dhyanachand pratishodh par utar ae. unaka pratishodh kitana ardash hai, isaki bas kalpana hi ki ja sakati hai. unhoanne ek sath 6 gol kar die. ye sachamuch ek mahanh khila di ka gun hai. isase khel-khila di ka star aur pratishtha ooanchi hoti hai.
olampik khel
emsatardam (1928)
1928 mean emsatardam olampik kheloan mean pahali bar bharatiy tim ne bhag liya. emstardam mean khelane se pahale bharatiy tim ne iangalaiand mean 11 maich khele aur vahaan dhyanachand ko vishesh saphalata prapt huee. emstardam mean bharatiy tim pahale sabhi mukabale jit gee. bharat ne astreliya ko 6-0 se, beljiyam ko 9-0 se, denamark ko 6-0 se, svitazalaiand ko 6-0 se haraya aur is prakar bharatiy tim phainal mean pahuanch gee. phainal mean bharat aur halaiand ka mukabala tha. phainal maich mean bharat ne halaiand ko 3-0 se hara diya. isamean do gol dhyanachand ne kie.
las eanjils (1932)
1932 mean las eanjils mean huee olampik pratiyogitaoan mean bhi dhyanachand ko tim mean shamil kar liya gaya. us samay seantar ph aauravard ke roop mean kafi saphalata aur shoharat prapt kar chuke the. tab sena mean vah 'laians-nayak' ke bad nayak ho gaye the. is daure ke dauran bharat ne kafi maich khele. is sari yatra mean dhyanachand ne 262 mean se 101 gol svayan kie. nirnayak maich mean bharat ne amerika ko 24-1 se haraya tha. tab ek amerika samachar patr ne likha tha ki bharatiy h aauki tim to poorv se aya toofan thi. usane apane veg se ameriki tim ke gyarah khila diyoan ko kuchal diya.
barlin (1936)
1936 ke barlin olapik kheloan mean dhyanachand ko bharatiy tim ka kaptan chuna gaya. is par unhoanne ashchary prakat karate hue kaha- "mujhe zara bhi asha nahian thi ki maian kaptan chuna jaooanga" khair, unhoanne apane is dayitv ko b di eemanadari ke sath nibhaya. apane jivan ka avismaraniy sansmaran sunate hue vah kahate haian ki 17 julaee ke din jarman tim ke sath hamare abhyas ke lie ek pradarshani maich ka ayojan hua. yah maich barlin mean khela gaya. ham isamean char ke badale ek gol se har ge. is har se mujhe jo dhakka laga use maian apane jite-ji nahian bhula sakata. jarmani ki tim ki pragati dekhakar ham sab ashcharyachakit rah ge aur hamare kuchh sathiyoan ko to bhojan bhi achchha nahian laga. bahut-se sathiyoan ko to rat niand nahian aee. [[chitr:Dhyan-Chand-stamp.jpg|thumb|left|dhyanachand ke samman mean jari dak tikat]] 5 agast ke din bharat ka hangari ke sath olampik ka pahala mukabala hua, jisamean bharatiy tim ne hangari ko char goloan se hara diya. doosare maich mean, jo ki 7 agast ko khela gaya, bharatiy tim ne japan ko 9-0 se haraya aur usake bad 12 agast ko phraans ko 10 goloan se haraya. 15 agast ke din bharat aur jarman ki timoan ke bich phainal mukabala tha. yadyapi yah mukabala 14 agast ko khela jane vala tha par us din itani barish huee ki maidan mean pani bhar gaya aur khel ko ek din ke lie sthagit kar diya gaya. abhyas ke dauran jarmani ki tim ne bharat ko haraya tha, yah bat sabhi ke man mean buri tarah ghar kar gee thi. phir gile maidan aur pratikool paristhitiyoan ke karan hamare khila di aur bhi nirash ho ge the. tabhi bharatiy tim ke mainejar pankaj gupta ko ek yukti soojhi. vah khila diyoan ko dresiang room mean le ge aur sahasa unhoanne tiranga jhanda hamare samane rakha aur kaha ki isaki laj ab tumhare hath hai. sabhi khila diyoan ne shraddhapoorvak tirange ko salam kiya aur vir sainik ki tarah maidan mean utar p de. bharatiy khila di jamakar khele aur jarman ki tim ko 4-1 se hara diya. us din sachamuch tirange ki laj rah gee. us samay kaun janata tha ki 15 agast ko hi bharat ka svatantrata divas banega.
h aauki ka jadoogar
[[chitr:Dhyan-Chand-Hocky.jpg|thumb|250px|dhyan chand h aauki khelate hue]]
kaha jata hai ki maich ke dauran geand har samay dhyanachand ki stik ke sath hi chipaki rahati. yah dekhakar darshak ashcharyachakit rah ge, lekin kuchh adhikariyoan ko bich mean sandeh hone laga ki kahian dhyanachand ki stik mean koee aisi vastu to nahian lagi hai, jo barabar geand ko apani or khianche jati hai. bat badh gee aur shanka-samadhan avashyak samajha gaya. sainik ko doosari stik se khelane ko kaha gaya, lekin jab doosari stik se bhi dhyanachand ne danadan goloan ka taanta baandhakar sama baandh diya to jarman adhikariyoan ko vishvas ho gaya ki jadoo stik ka nahian unaki lochadar aur sashakt kalaiyoan ka hai. vahaan ke darshakoan ne tabhi dhyanachand ko 'h aauki ka jadoogar' kahana shuroo kar diya. 1936 ke olampik kheloan mean bharatiy h aauki tim ne kul milakar 38 gol kie jinamean se 11 gol dhyanachand ne hi kie.
1936 ke barlin olampik khiloan ke bad dvitiy vishv-yuddh ke karan 1946 aur 1944 ke olampik kheloan ka ayojan nahian ho saka. dvitiy vishv-yuddh ke bad dhyanachand ne h aauki se sannyas le liya, lekin h aauki to unaki jivanasangini thi. unhoanne navayuvakoan ko guru-mantr sikhane shuroo kar die. kafi samay tak vah rashtriy khelakood sansthan (patiyala) mean bharatiy timoan ko prashikshit karate rahe.
sena mean padonnati
keval h aauki ke khel ke karan hi sena mean unaki padonnati hoti gee. 1938 mean unhean 'vayasaray ka kamishan' mila aur ve jamadar ban ge. usake bad ek ke bad ek doosare soobedar, lephtineant aur kaiptan banate chale ge. bad mean unhean mejar bana diya gaya.
khel jivan
vah 1922 mean bharatiy sena mean shamil hue aur 1926 mean sena ki tim ke sath nyoozilaiand ke daure par ge. 1928 aur 1932 ke olanpik kheloan mean khelane ke bad 1936 mean barlin olampik mean dhyanachand ne bharatiy tim ka netritv kiya aur svayan chhh gol dagakar fainal mean jarmani ko parajit kiya. 1932 mean bharat ke vishvavijayi daure mean unhoanne kul 133 gol kie. dhyaannachand ne apana aantim aantarrashtriy maich 1948 mean khela. aantarrashtriy maichoan mean unhoanne 400 se adhik gol kie.
karishmaee khila di
thumb|mejar dhyanachand sianh|250px 1948 aur 1952 mean bharat ke lie khelane vale nandi sianh ka kahana hai ki dhyanachand ke khel ki khasiyat thi ki vo geand ko apane pas zyada der tak nahian rakhate the. unake pas bahut nape-tule hote the aur vo kisi bhi kon se gol kar sakate the. 1947 ke poorvi afrika ke daure ke dauran ek maich mean dhyanachand ne kedi sianh baboo ko ek zabaradast pas diya aur unaki taraf pith kar apane hi gol ki taraph chalane lage. bad mean baboo ne unaki is ajib harakat ka karan poochha to unhoanne kaha ki agar tum us pas par bhi gol nahian mar pate to tumhean bharatiy tim mean bane rahane ka koee haq nahian hai. unake putr olanpiyan ashok kumar bhi batate haian ki 50 varsh ki umr mean bhi abhyas ke dauran vo di (D) ke aandar se das mean das sh aaut bharatiy golakipar ko chhakate hue mar sakate the. olanpiyan keshavadatt kahate haian ki dhyanachand h aauki ke maidan ko is tarah dekhate the jaise shataranj ka khila di ches bord ko dekhata hai. unako hamesha maloom rahata tha ki unaki tim ka har khila di kahaan hai aur agar unaki aankh par patti bhi baandh di jae, tab bhi unaka pas bilkul sahi jagah par pahuanchata tha. 1968 ke maiksiko olanpik mean bharatiy h aauki tim ke kaptan rahe gurubaksh sianh bhi yad karate hue kahate hai ki 1959 mean jab dhyanachand 54 varsh ke the, tab bhi bharatiy tim ka koee sadasy buli mean unase geand nahian chhin sakata tha.[2]
hitalar aur braidamain bhi qayal
dhyanachand ne apani karishmaee h aauki se jarman tanashah hitalar hi nahian balki mahanh kriketar d aaun braidamain ko bhi apana qayal bana diya tha. yah bhi sanyog hai ki khel jagath ki in donoan mahanh hastiyoan ka janm do din ke aandar par p data hai. duniya ne 27 agast ko braidamain ki janmashati manaee to 29 agast ko vah dhyanachand ko naman karane ke lie taiyar hai, jise bharat mean khel divas ke roop mean manaya jata hai. braidamain haki ke jadoogar se umr mean tin sal chhote the. apane-apane phan mean mahir ye donoan khel hastiyaan keval ek bar ek-doosare se mile the. vah 1935 ki bat hai jab bharatiy tim astreliya aur nyoojilaiand ke daure par gee thi. tab bharatiy tim ek maich ke lie ediled mean tha aur braidamain bhi vahaan maich khelane ke lie ae the. braidamain aur dhyanachand donoan tab ek-doosare se mile the. braidamain ne tab h aauki ke jadoogar ka khel dekhane ke bad kaha tha ki ve is tarah se gol karate haian, jaise kriket mean ran banate haian. yahi nahian braidamain ko bad mean jab pata chala ki dhyanachand ne is daure mean 48 maich mean kul 201 gol dage to unaki tippani thi, yah kisi h aauki khila di ne banae ya ballebaj ne. dhyanachand ne isake ek sal bad barlin olimpik mean hitalar ko bhi apani h aauki ka qayal bana diya tha. us samay sirph hitalar hi nahian, jarmani ke h aauki premiyoan ke dilodimag par bhi ek hi nam chhaya tha aur vah tha dhyanachand.[3]
puraskar evan samman
[[chitr:Major-Dhyan-Chand-Stadium-Delhi.jpg|thumb|250px|mejar dhyanachand rashtriy stediyam, dilli]] 1956 mean unhean padm bhooshan se sammanit kiya gaya. unake janmadin ko bharat ka rashtriy khel divas ghoshit kiya gaya hai. isi din khel mean utkrisht pradarshan ke lie rashtriy puraskar arjun aur dronachary puraskar pradan kie jate haian. bharatiy olampik sangh ne dhyanachand ko shatabdi ka khila di ghoshit kiya tha.
nidhan
chauthaee sadi tak vishv h aauki jagath ke shikhar par jadoogar ki tarah chhae rahane vale mejar dhyanachand ka 3 disambar, 1979 ko subah char bajakar pachchis minat par nee dilli mean dehaant ho gaya. jhaansi mean unaka aantim sanskar kisi ghat par n hokar us maidan par kiya gaya, jahaan vo h aauki khela karate the. apani atmakatha 'gol' mean unhoanne likha tha, "apako maloom hona chahie ki maian bahut sadharan adami hooan" vo sadharan adami nahian the lekin vo is duniya se ge bilkul sadharan adami ki tarah.[2]
dam to data 'dada' ka sapana
1979 mean dada dhyanachand ki koma mean jane ke bad maut huee, lekin jab tak ve hosh mean rahe, bharatiy h aauki ke prati chiantit rahe. apane bete ashok se hamesha kahate the ki "mera yahi sapana hai ki bharatiy h aauki ek bar phir svarnim yug mean pahuanche. ab mere boodhe sharir mean bhale hi dam nahian raha ho, lekin maian bharat ki h aauki ko sammanajanak sthiti mean dekhana chahata hooan taki khud ko javan mahasoos kar sakooan."[4]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
vishv ke pramukh khel aur khila di |lekhak: yogaraj thani |prakashak: rajapal end sanz, kashmiri get, dilli |prishth sankhya: 157-160 |
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 h aauki se ju di vah jaduee hasti-dhyanachand (hindi) navabharat taims. abhigaman tithi: 15 navanbar, 2011.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 h aauki ke jadoogar dhyanachand (hindi) (ech.ti.em.el) bi.bi.si hindi. abhigaman tithi: 15 navanbar, 2011.
- ↑ dhyanachand ki h aauki ke kayal the braidamain (hindi) (ech.ti.em.el) vebaduniya hindi. abhigaman tithi: 15 navanbar, 2011.
- ↑ khana pakane mean bhi maharat hasil thi dada dhyanachand ko (hiandi) hindi.webdunia. abhigaman tithi: 15 joon, 2018.
sanbandhit lekh
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