गामा पहलवान
gama pahalavan
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| poora nam | gulam muhammad |
| janm | 22 mee, 1878 |
| janm bhoomi | jabboval gaanv, amritasar, panjab |
| mrityu | 21 mee, 1960, lahaur, pakistan |
| khel-kshetr | kushti |
| puraskar-upadhi | 'j aaun bul bailt' 'rustam-e-zama', 'vishvakesari' athava 'vishvavijeta' |
| prasiddhi | bharatiy pahalavan |
| nagarikata | bharatiy (bad mean pakistani) |
| any janakari | gama vishv ke ek matr pahalavan the jinhoanne apane jivan mean koee kushti nahian hari. |
gama pahalavan (aangrezi: Gama Pahalwan, mool nam: gulam muhammad, janm: 22 mee, 1878[1]; mrityu- 21 mee, 1960) shayad hi koee aisa bharatiy khel-premi ho, jisane 'rustam-e-zamaan' pahalavan ka nam n suna ho. gama pahalavan bharat mean ek kianvadanti ban chuke haian. sharirik taqat ke lie jis prakar ajakal dara sianh ki misal di jati hai, isi prakar kuchh samay pahale tak 'gama pahalavan' ka nam liya jata tha. 15 aktoobar 1910 mean gama ko 'vishv hॅvivet chaimpiyanaship' (dakshin eshiya) mean vijeta ghoshit kiya gaya. apane pahalavani ke daur mean gama ki upalabdhiyaan itani ashcharyajanak evan avishvasaniy haian ki sadharanat: logoan ko vishvas nahian hota ki gama pahalavan vastav mean hue the.
upadhiyaan
gama ko 'sher-e-panjab', 'rustam-e-zamaan' (vishv kesari) aur 'd gret gama' jaisi upadhiyaan di gayian. gama vishv ke ek matr pahalavan the jinhoanne apane jivan mean koee kushti nahian hari. gama ne bharat ka nam poore vishv mean ooancha kiya. 1947 mean bharat ki svatantrata ke bad jab pakistan bana to gama pakistan chale gaye. pakistan ke poorv pradhanamantri navaz sharif ki shadi gama pahalavan ke bhaee ki natini kulasum bat se huee hai.
prarambhik jivan
gama ka mool nam 'gama gulam mohammad bakhsh bat'. unaka janm 22 mee, 1878 ko amritasar ke jabboval gaanv mean hua tha. unake janm ko lekar jyadatar ye bhi kaha gaya hai ki unaka janm madhy pradesh ke datiya gaanv mean hua tha. unhean bachapan se hi kushti ka bahut shauk tha, jisake chalate unhoanne apane is shauk ko poora karane ke lie kushti l dana shuroo kiya aur dekhate hi dekhate b de-b de pahalavanoan ko mat dena bhi shuroo kar diya.[1]
gama kashmiri 'bat' parivar ke 'pahalavan muhammad aziz' ke putr the. unaka janm ka nam 'gulam muhammad' tha. unaki rag-rag mean kushti ka khel samaya hua tha. gama aur unake bhaee 'imamabakhsh' ne shuroo-shuroo mean kushti ke daanv-pech panjab ke mashahoor 'pahalavan madhosianh' se sikhane shuroo kie. datiya ke maharaja bhavanisianh ne gama aur unake chhote bhaee imamabakhsh ko pahalavani karane ki suvidhayean pradan ki. das varsh ki umr mean hi gama ne jodhapur, rajasthan mean kee pahalavanoan ke bich sharirik kasarat ke pradarshan mean bhag liya aur 'maharaja jodhapur' ne gama ko unaki adbhut sharirik kshamataoan ko dekhate hue puraskrit kiya.
kushti ke daur
19 sal ke gama ne tatkalin bharat vijeta 'pahalavan rahimabakhsh sultanivala' ko chunauti de dali. rahimabakhsh gujaraanvala panjab [2] ka rahane vala kashmiri, 'bat' jati ka hi tha. kahate hai rahimabakhsh ki lambaee 7 phit thi. gama mean shakti aur phurti advitiy thi lekin gama ki lambaee 5 phut 7 ianch thi. rahimabakhsh apani praudha avastha mean pahuanch chuka tha aur apani pahalavani ke aantim samay ki kushtiyaan l d raha tha. rahimabakhsh ki umr ka adhik hona gama ke paksh mean jata tha.
- aitihasik kushti
bharat mean huee kushtiyoan mean yah kushti 'aitihasik kushti' ke roop mean jani jati hai, jo ghantoan tak chali aur aant mean barabar chhooti. agali bar jab gama aur rahimabakhsh ki kushti huee to gama ne rahimabakhsh ko hara diya tha, lekin gama ki nak se khoon bahane laga tha aur ek kan bhi jakhmi ho gaya tha.
rahimabakhsh se aantim kushti
rahimabakhsh (bharat kesari) ko gama ne apane pahalavani aur kushti ke daur ka sabase b da, chunautipoorn aur shaktishali pratidvandi mana. ianglaiand se lautane ke bad gama aur rahimabakhsh ki kushti ilahabad mean huee. yah kushti bhi kafi der chali aur gama ne is kushti ko jitakar rustam-e-hiand ka khitab jita.
ianglaiand ki yatra
rahimabakhsh sullatanivala ko chho d kar, jisase gama ki kushti barabar chhooti thi, gama ne bharat ke sabhi pahalavanoan ko hara diya. 1910 ke as-pas gama ka nam ekaek duniya ke samane aya. 1910 ki bat hai, us samay gama ki umr lagabhag tis varsh ki thi. bangal ke ek lakhapati 'seth sharadakumar mitr' kuchh bharatiy pahalavanoan ko ianglaid le ge the. apane bhaee imamabakhsh ke sath gama ianglaiand gaye aur vahaan ek khuli chunauti ianglaiand ke pahalavanoan ko de dali. yah chunauti ianglaiand ke pahalavanoan ko ek dhokhe jaisi lagi, jisamean gama ne matr 30 minat mean 3 pahalavanoan ko harane ki bat kahi thi, jisamean koee bhi pahalavan gama se kushti l d sakata tha, chahe vah kisi bhi sharirik akar aur vazan ka ho.
- vishv dangal ka ayojan
us samay landan mean 'vishv dangal' ka ayojan ho raha tha. isamean imamabakhsh, ahamadabakhsh aur gama ne bharat ka pratinidhitv kiya. gama ka qad sadhe paanch fut 7 ianch aur vazan 200 pauand ke lagabhag tha. landan ke ayojakoan ne gama ka nam ummidavaroan ki soochi mean nahian rakha. gama ke svabhiman ko bahut thes pahuanchi. unhoanne ek thietar kampani mean jakar duniya bhar ke pahalavanoan ko chunauti dete hue kaha ki jo pahalavan akha de mean mere samane paanch minat tak tik jaega, use 'paanch pauand' nakad diya jaega. pahale kee chhote-mote pahalavan gama se l dane ko taiyar hue.
- gama aur rolar ki kushti
jab is chunauti ko svikar karake koee gama se l dane nahian aya to gama ne 'stenislas zibesko' aur 'frॅnk g aaush' ko chunauti di. yah chunauti amerika ke pahalavan 'baianjamin rolar' ne svikar ki. gama ne rolar ko 1 minat 40 sekend mean pachha d diya. gama aur rolar ki dobara kushti huee, jisamean rolar 9 minat 10 sekend hi tik saka.
- pahalavan rolar ki har
gama ne pahale ameriki pahalavan rolar ko haraya aur imamabakhsh ne svitzaralaiand ke konoli aur jan laim ko minatoan aur saikiandoan mean chitt kar diya. is par videshi pahalavanoan aur dangal ke ayojakoan ke kan kh de hue aur unhoanne gama ko sidhe vishv vijeta stenali jibisko se l dane ko kah diya.
stenislas zibesko se kushti
10 sitambar 1910 ko gama aur 'stenislas zibesko' ki kushti huee. is kushti mean mashahoor 'j aaun bul bailt' aur 250 p aauud ka inam rakha gaya. 1 minat se bhi kam samay mean gama ne stenislas zibesko ko niche daba liya. zibesko akar mean aur vazan mean gama se b da tha, isalie 2 ghante 35 minat ki koshish ke bavajood bhi pet ke bal leta hua zibesko gama se chitt nahian ho paya. gama ne polaind ke is pahalavan ko itana thaka diya tha ki vah haanphane laga. jab gama ne zibisko ko niche pataka to vah apane bachav ke lie let gaya. usaka sharir itana vazani tha ki gama use utha nahian sake.
- kushti ka doosara din
is par bhi jab har-jit ka phaisala n ho saka to kushti ko anirnit ghoshit kiya gaya aur phaisale ke lie doosare din ki tarikh tay ki gee. doosare din jibisko dar ke mare maidan mean hi nahian aya. dangal ke ayojak jibisko ki khojabin karane lage, lekin vah n jane kahaan chhip gaya aur is prakar gama ko vishv-vijayi ghoshit kiya gaya.
- vishv vijeta upadhi
17 sitambar 1910 ko dobara donoan ke bich kushti ki ghoshana huee, lekin nishchit tithi aur samay par zibesko gama ka samana karane nahian pahuancha. gama ko vijeta ghoshit kar diya gaya aur inam ki rashi ke sath hi 'j aaun bul bailt' bhi gama ko de di gee. isake bad gama ki upadhi 'rustam-e-zamaan' (zamana), 'vishvakesari' athava 'vishvavijeta' ho gayi.
- haraye gaye pahalavan
is yatra ke dauran gama ne anek pahalavanoan ko dhool chataee, jinamean 'baianjamin r aaular' ya 'rolar'[3], 'm aauris deriz'[4], 'johan lem'[5] aur 'jॅsi pitarasan' [6] the. r aaular se kushti mean gama ne use 15 minat mean 13 bar pheanka. isake bad gama ne khuli chunauti di ki jo bhi kisi bhi kushti mean khud ko 'vishvavijeta' kahata ho vo gama se do-do hatha azama sakata hai, jisamean japan ka joodo pahalavan 'taro miyaki', roos ka 'j aaurj hॅkenshamit', amarika ka 'fॅnk g aaush' shamil the. kisi ki himmat gama ke samane ane ki nahian huee. isake bad gama ne kaha ki vo ek ke bad ek lagatar bis pahalavanoan se l dega aur inam bhi dega lekin koee samane nahian aya.
stenislas zibesko se aantim kushti
'rahimabakhsh sulatanivala' ko harane ke bad gama ne bharat ke mashahoor 'pahalavan pandit biddoo' ko 1916 mean haraya. ianglaiand ke 'prians aauf vels' ne 1922 mean bharat ki yatra ke dauran gama ko chaandi ki beshaqimati 'gada' (gurj) pradan ki. is bar gama ne keval dhaee minat mean hi jibisko ko pachha d diya. gama ki vijay ke bad patiyala ke maharaja ne gama ko adha man bhari 'chaandi ki gurj' aur '20 hazar rupaye' nakad inam diya tha.
- dakshin eshiya ka mahanh pahalavan
1927 tak gama ko kisi ne chunauti nahian di. 1928 mean gama ka muqabala patiyala mean ek bar phir zibesko se hua 42 sekend mean gama ne zibesko ko dhool chata di aur dakshin eshiya ke mahanh pahalavan ki upadhi dharan ki. 1929 ke pharavari ke mahine mean gama ne 'jesi pitarasan' ko dedh minat mean pachha d diya. isake bad 1952 mean apane pahalavani jivan se avakash lene tak gama ko kisi ne chunauti nahian di. gama apane pahalavani jivan mean ajey rahe jo kisi bhi pahalavan ke lie aj bhi asambhav hai. yah gun gama ko vishv ka mahanatam pahalavan ke darje mean le ata hai.
jivan ka aantim daur
1947 mean bharat ke bantavare ke samay gama pakistan chale gaye vahaan apane bhaee imamabakhsh ke sath aur apane bhatijoan ke sath rahe aur apana shesh jivan bitaya. 'rustam-e-zamaan' ke akhiri din b de kasht aur musibat mean guzare. ravi nadi ke kinare is ajey purush ko ek chhoti-si jhoanp di banakar rahana p da. apani amooly yadagaroan sone aur chaandi ke tamage bech-bechakar apani zindagi ke akhiri din guzarane p de. vah hamesha bimar rahane lage. unaki bimari ki khabar pakar bharatavasiyoan ka du:khi hona svabhavik hi tha.
nidhan
maharaja patiyala aur bi dala bandhuoan ne unaki sahayata ke lie dhanarashi bhejani shuroo ki, lekin tab tak bahut der ho chuki thi. 22 mee, 1960 lahaur, pakistan ko 'rustam-e-zamaan' gama mrityu se har ge. gama marakar bhi amar hai. bharatiy kushti-kala ki vijay pataka ko vishv mean phaharane ka shrey keval gama ko hi prapt hai.
- neshanal istitooyat aauf sportas
aj bhi patiyala mean 'neshanal istitooyat aauf sportas' mean unake kasarat karane ka upakaran rakha hua hai. yah ek patthar ka gol chakka hai, jisako gale mean pahan kar gama baithak lagaya karate the. is gol chakke ka vazan 95 kilo hai.
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