अवतार
| 200px|center|link=matsy avatar |
| pahale avatar- matsy avatar |
| 200px|center|link=koorm avatar |
| doosare avatar- koorm avatar |
| 200px|center|link=varah avatar |
| tisare avatar- varah avatar |
| 200px|center|link=nrisianh avatar |
| chauthe avatar- nrisianh avatar |
| 200px|center|link=vaman avatar |
| paanchavean avatar- vaman avatar |
| 200px|center|link=parashuram |
| chhthe avatar- parashuram |
| 200px|center|link=ram |
| satavean avatar- ram |
| 200px|center|link=krishna |
| athavean avatar- krishna |
| 200px|center|link=buddh |
| nauvean avatar- buddh |
| 200px|center|link=kalki avatar |
| dasavean avatar- kalki avatar |
hindoo manyata ke anusar eeshvar ka prithvi par avataran (janm lena) athava utarana hi avatar kahalata hai. hinduoan ka vishvas hai ki eeshvar yadyapi sarvavyapi, sarvada sarvatr vartaman hai, tathapi samay-samay par avashyakatanusar prithvi par vishisht roopoan mean svayan apani yogamaya se utpann hota hai.
das avatar
doosare shabdoan mean devataoan ke prakat hone ki tithiyoan ko avatar kahate haian. inhean jayanti bhi kahate haian.[1] 'paramatma ya vishnu ke mukhy avatar das haian.[2][3]
- matsy avatar chaitr mean shukl paksh ki tritiya mean hua tha.
- koorm avatar vaishakh ki poornima mean hua tha.
- varah avatar bhadrapad mean shukl paksh ki tritiya mean hua tha.
- narasianh avatar vaishakh mean shukl paksh ki chaturdashi mean hua tha.
- vaman avatar bhadrapad mean shukl paksh ki dvadashi mean hua tha.
- parashuram avatar vaishakh mean shukl paksh ki tritiya mean hua tha.
- ram avatar chaitr mean shukl paksh ki navami mean hua tha.
- krishna avatar shravan mean krishna paksh ki ashtami mean hua tha.
- buddh avatar jyeshth mean shukl paksh ki dvitiya mean hua tha.
- kalki avatar - kuchh granthoan mean aisa aya hai ki kalki avatar abhi prakat hone vala hai, kintu granth isaki jayanti ke lie shravan mean shukl paksh ki shashthi tithi manate haian. varahapuran, krityakalpataru jahaan dashavataroan ki pooja ka ullekh hai. [4]
avatar ki manyata
inamean mukhy gaun, poorn aur aansh roopoan ke aur bhi anek bhed haian. avatar ka hetu eeshvar ki ichchha hai. dushkritoan ke vinash aur sadhuoan ke paritran ke lie avatar hota hai[5]. shatapath brahman mean kaha gaya hai ki kachchhap ka roop dharan kar prajapati ne shishu ko janm diya. taittiriy brahman ke matanusar prajapati ne shookar ke roop mean mahasagar ke antastal se prithvi ko oopar uthaya. kintu bahumat mean kachchhap evan varah donoan roop vishnu ke haian. yahaan ham pratham bar avataravad ka darshan pate haian, jo samay pakar ek sarvasvikrit siddhant ban gaya. sambhavat: kachchhap evan varah hi prarambhik devaroop the, jinaki pooja bahumat dvara ki jati thi (jisamean brahmanakul bhi sammilit the). vishesh roop se matsy, kachchhap, varah evan nrisianh ye char avatar bhagavan vishnu ke prarambhik roop ke pratik haian. paanchavean avatar vamanaroop mean vishnu ne vishv ko tin pagoan mean hi nap liya tha. isaki prashansa rrigved evan brahmanoan mean hai, yadyapi vaman nam nahian liya gaya hai. bhagavan vishnu ke ashchary se bhare hue kary svabhavik roop mean nahian kintu avataroan ke roop mean hi hue haian. ve roop dharmik vishvas mean mahan vishnu se prithak nahian samajhe gaye.
any avatar
any avatar haian-ram jamadagny, ram dasharathi, krishna evan buddh. ye vibhinn prakar evan samay ke haian tatha bharatiy dharmoan mean vaishnav parampara ka udaghosh karate haian. age chalakar ram aur krishna ki pooja vaishnavoan ki do shakhaoan ke roop mean many hueean. buddh ko vishnu ka avatar manana vaishnav dharm ki vyapti evan udarata ka pratik hai.
avatar sankhya
vibhinn granthoan mean avataroan ki sankhya vibhinn hai. kahian ath, kahian das, kahian solah aur kahian chaubis avatar bataye ge haian, kintu das avatar bahumany haian. kalki avatar jise dasavaan sthan prapt hai, vah bhavishy mean hone vala hai. puranoan mean jin chaubis avataroan ka varnan hai, unaki ganana is prakar se hai- narayan (virat purush), brahma, sanak-sanandan-sanatkumar-sanatan, nar-narayan, kapil, dattashrey, suyash, hayagriv, rrishabh, prithu, matsy, koorm, hans, dhanvatari, vaman, parashuram, mohini, nrisianh, vedavyas, ram, balaram, krishna, buddh, kalki.
kisi vishesh kendr dvara sarvavyapak paramatma ki shakti ke roop ke prakat hone ka nam avatar hai. avatar shabd dvara avataran arthath niche utarane ka bhav spasht hota hai, jisaka tatpary is sthal par bhavamoolak hai.
paramatma ki vishesh shakti ka maya se sambandhit hona evan sambaddh hokar prakat hona hi avataran kaha ja sakata hai. kahian se kahian a jane athava utarane ka nam avatar nahian hota.
praman
is avataravad ke sambandh mean sarvapratham ved hi pramany roop mean samane ate haian. yatha-
- prajapatishcharati garbheantarajayamano bahudha vijayate.
(paramatma sthool garbh mean utpann hote haian, koee vastavik janm n lete hue bhi ve anek roopoan mean utpann hote haian.)
rrigved bhi avataravad prastut karata hai, yatha-
- roopan roopan pratiroopo babhoov tadasy roopan pratichakshanay. indro mayabhi: pururoop eeyate yukta hyasy haray: shata dash.
(bhagavan bhaktoan ki prarthananusar prakhyat hone ke lie maya ke sanyog se anek roop dharan karate haian. unake shat-shataroop haian.)
avatar ke roop
is prakar nikhil shastrasvikrit avatar eeshvar ke hote haian, jo ki apani kuchh kalaoan se paripoorn hote haian, jinhean aanshik avatar evan poornavatar ki sanjna di jati hai. poorn paramatma shodashakala sampann mana jata hai.
paramatma ki shodash kalashakti j d-chetanatmak samast sansar mean vyapt hai. ek jiv jitani matra mean apani yoni ke anusar hota hai, utani hi matra mean paramatma ki kala jivashray ke madhyam se vikasit hoti hai. at: ek yonij jiv any yoni ke jiv se unnat isalie hai ki usamean any yonij jivoan se bhagavatakala ka vikas adhik matra mean hota hai. chetan srishti mean udabhijj srishti eeshvar ki pratham rachana hai, isilie annamayakoshapradhan udabhijj yoni mean paramatma ki shodash kalaoan mean se ek kala ka vikas rahata hai. isamean shrutiyaan bhi sahamat haian, yatha-
- shodashanaan kalanameka kalaatishishtabhooth saanne-nopasamahita prajvalith.
(paramatma ki solah kalaoan mean ek kala ann mean milakar annamash kosh ke dvara prakat huee.)
kalaean
at: spasht hai, udabhijj yoni dvara paramatma ki ek kala ka vikas hota hai. isi kram mean paravarti jivayoni svedaj mean eeshvar ki do kala, andaj mean tin aur jarayuj ke antargat pashu yoni mean char kalaoan ka vikas hota hai. isake anantar jarayuj manushyayoni mean paanch kalaoan ka vikas hota hai. kintu yah sadharan manushy tak hi simit hai. jin manushyoan mean paanch se adhik ath kala tak ka vikas hota hai, ve sadharan manushyakoti mean n akar vibhooti koti mean hi pariganit hote haian. kyoanki paanch kalaoan se manushy ki sadharan shakti ka hi vikas hota hai, aur isase adhik chh: se lekar ath kalaoan ka vikas hone par vishesh shakti ka vikas mana jata hai, jise vibhooti koti mean rakha gaya hai.
kala vikas
is prakar ek kala se lekar ath kala tak shakti ka vikas laukik roop mean hota hai. navam kala se lekar shodash kala tak ka vikas alaukik vikas hai, jise jivakoti nahian apitu avatarakoti kahate haian. at: jin kendroan dvara paramatma ki shakti navam kala se lekar shodash kala tak vikasit hoti hai, ve sabhi kendr jiv n kahalakar avatar kahe jate haian. inamean navam kala se pandrahavoan kala tak ka vikas aanshavatar kahalata hai evan shodash kalakendr poorn avatar ka kendr hai. isi kala vikas ke taratamy se chetan jivoan mean anek visheshataean dekhane mean ati haian. yatha paanch koshoan mean se annamay kosh ka udabhijj yoni mean apoorv roop se prakat hona ek kala vikas ka hi pratiphal hai. at: oshadhi, vanaspati, vriksh tatha lataoan mean jo jivoan ki pranadhayak evan pushti pradayak shakti hai, yah sab ek kala ke vikas ka hi parinam hai.
indriy satta
svadej, andaj, pashu aur manushy tatha devataoan tak ki tripti annamay-kosh vale udabhijjoan dvara hi hoti hai aur isi ek kala ke vikas ke parinam svaroop unaki indriyoan ki kriyaean drishtigochar hoti haian. yatha mahabharat (shanti parv) mean kathan hai-
ooshmato mlayate varn tvakphalan pushpamev ch.
mlayate shiryate chapi sparshastenatr vidyate..
(grishmakal mean garmi ke karan vrikshoan ke varn, tvacha, phal, pushpadi malin tatha shirn ho jate haian. at: vanaspati mean sparshandriy ki satta pramanit hoti hai.)
prakriti praman
isi prakar pravat, vayu dev, agni, vajr adi ke shabd se vrikshoan ke phal-pushp nasht ho jate haian. isase unaki shravanendriy ki satta satyapit ki jati hai. lata vrikshoan ko adhar bana leti hai evan unase lipat jati hai. yah krity bina darshanendriy ke sambhav nahian hai. at: vanaspatiyaan darshanendriy shaktisampann mani gee haian. achchhi-buri gandh tatha nana prakar ki dhoopoan ki gandh se vriksh nirog tatha pushpit phalit hone lagate haian. isase vrikshoan mean ghanendriy ki bhi satta samajhi jati hai. isi prakar ve ras apani tahaniyoan dvara oopar khianchate haian, isase unaki rasanendriy ki satta mani jati hai. udabhijjoan mean sukh-dukh ke anubhav karane ki shakti bhi dekhane mean ati hai. at: nishchith hai ki ye chetan shakti-sampann haian. is sambandh mean manu ka bhi yahi abhimat haian- (vriksh anek prakar ke tamobhavoan dvara avrit rahate hue bhi bhitar hi bhitar sukh-dukh ka anubhav karate haian.) adhik dinoan tak yadi kisi vriksh ke niche hare vrikshoan ko lakar chira jae to vah vriksh kuchh dinoan ke anantar sookh jata hai. isase vrikshoan ke sukh-dukhanubhav spasht haian. vrikshoan ka shvasochchhvas vaijnanik jagat mean pratyaksh many hi hai. ve din-rat ko aauksijan tatha karban gais ka kram se tyag-grahan karate haian. isi prakar afrika adi ke pashu-pakshi-kit-bhakshi lataean vriksh prakhyat hi haian. at: ye sabhi kriyaean bhagavan ki ek kala matr ki prapti se vanaspati yoni mean dekhi jati haian.
vibhinn kosh
isake anantar svedaj yoni mean do kalaoan ka vikas mana jata hai, jisase is yoni mean annamay aur pranamay koshoan ka vikas dekhane mean ata hai. is prakar pranamay kosh ke hi karan svedaj gamanagaman vyapar mean saphal hote haian. andaj yoni mean tin kalaoan ke karan annamay, pranamay tatha manomay koshoan ka vikas hota hai. is yoni mean manomay kosh ke vikas ke parinamasvaroop inamean prem adi anek pravrittiyaan drishtigochar hoti haian. isi prakar jarayuj yoni ke antargat char kalaoan ke vidyaman rahane ke karan inamean annamay, pranamay, manomay koshoan ke sath hi sath vijnanamay kosh ka bhi vikas hota hai. utkrisht pashuoan mean to buddhi ka bhi vikas dekhane mean ata hai, jisase ve anek karm manushyavath karate haian. yatha ashv, shvan, gaj adi pashu svamibhakt hote haian, evan samay ane par unake pranarakshak ke roop mean bhi dekhe jate haian.
karm ki svatantrata
jarayuj yoni ke hi dvitiy prabhed manushyayoni mean char se adhik ek anandamay kosh ka bhi vikas hai. panchakoshoan ke vikas ke karan hi manushy mean karm ki svatantrata hoti hai. manushy yadi chahe to purusharth dvara paanchoan koshoan ka vikas kar poorn jnanasampann manav bhi ho sakata hai. isi prakar karmonnati dvara manushy jitana-jitana unnat hota jata hai, usamean eeshvariy kalaoan ka vikas bhi utana hi hota jata hai. is kala vikas mean aishvaryamay shakti ka sambandh adhik hai, ajney brahmashakti ka nahian. vishnu bhagavan ke sath hi bhagavadavatar ka pradhan sambandh rahata hai. kyoanki vishnu hi is srishti ke rakshak evan palak haian. yadyapi srishti, sthiti evan sanhar ke asadharan karyoan ki nishpannata ke lie brahma, vishnu aur mahesh tinoan devoan ke avatar hua karate haian, par jahaan tak raksha ka prashn hai, isake lie vishnu ke hi avatar mane jate haian.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
(pustak ‘hindoo dharmakosh’) prishth sankhya-54
sanbandhit lekh
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