ख़लीफ़ा
| chitr:Icon-edit.gif | is lekh ka punarikshan evan sampadan hona avashyak hai. ap isamean sahayata kar sakate haian. "sujhav" |
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khalifa arabi bhasha ka shabd hai, jisaka arth hai 'uttaradhikari'. khalifa shabd ko muslim samuday ke shasak ke lie bhi prayog kiya jata hai. jab muhammad sahab ki mrityu huee (8 joon 632), to abu bakr ne khalifa rasool allah ya paiganbar ke uttaradhikari ke roop mean unake rajanitik aur prashasanik karyoan ka uttaradhikar sanbhala, lekin doosare khalifa umar bin al-khattab ke kal mean khalifa shabd ka istemal muslim rajy ke nagarik aur dharmik pramukh ke roop mean hone laga. isi arth mean quran mean is shabd ko adam aur devid ke lie bhi istemal kiya gaya hai, jinhean khuda ka up-rajy sahayak kaha jata tha.
abu bakr aur usake bad ke tin uttaradhikariyoan ko sanpoorn ya sunirdeshit khalifa (al khulafa ar-rashidoon) mana jata tha. unake bad damishk ke 14 umayad khalifaoan ne yah upadhi dharan ki, jisake bad bagadad ke 38 abbasi khalifa hue, jinaka vansh 1258 mean mangoloan se parajit ho gaya. 1258 se 1517 tak kahira mean mamaluk ke aantargat abbasi vansh ke upadhikari khalifa the, jisake bad aantim khalifa ko aautoman ke sultan salim pratham ne bandi bana liya. isake bad aautoman sultanoan ne is upadhi par dava kiya aur 3 march 1824 ko turki ganatantr dvara samapt kie jane tak isaka upayog kiya.
damishk mean umayya vansh me patan ke bad is parivar ki speni shakha ne bhi khalifa ki upadhi dharan ki, jo spen mean koradoba par shasan (755-1031) karate the. fatima (paiganbar ki beti) aur unake pati ali ka vanshaj hone ka dava karane vale misr ke fatimaee shasakoan (909-1171) ne bhi yah upadhi dharan ki.
sarvochch pad ko imamat ya netritv kahane vale shiya musalamanoan ke anusar, sirf vahi khalifa jayaj hai, jo paiganbar muhammad ka vanshaj hai. sunni musalamanoan ka dava hai ki yah pad kuraish janajati ka hai, svayan paiganbar muhammad bhi jisake sadasy the, lekin is dave ne turki ke sultanoan ke dave ko kharij kar diya hota, jo qahira ke aantim abbasi khalifa dvara salim pratham ko yah pad sthanaantarit karane ke bad se is par bane rahe.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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