सूफ़ीवाद
thumb|250px|soofivad soofivad (aangrezi: Sufism) islam ka ek rahasyavadi panth hai. isake panthiyoan ko soofi (soofi sant) kahate haian. inaka lakshy apane panth ki pragati evan soophivad ki seva raha hai. soofi rajaoan se dan-upahar svikar nahian karate the aur sadagi bhara jivan bitana pasand karate the. inake kee tariqe ya gharane haian jinamean soharavardi (suharavardi), nakshavandiya, qadariya, chishtiya, kalandariya aur shuttariya adi haian.
ibn-e-khuladan dvara paribhashit
'soofivad' islam ka ek pahaloo hai. soofipanthi shiya aur sunni donoan firaqoan ya islam mazahab ke manane vale doosare samudayoan mean bhi mil sakate haian. 14vian shatabdi mean ek arab itihasakar ibn-e-khaladun ne soofivad ko kuchh is tarah se paribhashit kiya hai- "daulat, shoharat, tamam tarah ki duniyavi lajzatoan se khud ko door karake apane rab se lau lagana aur usaki ibadat karana hi soofivad hai." ibn-e-khuladan ki soofivad ki ye paribhasha aj ke daur mean bhi ekadam satik baithati hai.
soofiyoan ka zor aksar is bat par rahata hai ki islami talim sirf kitabean padh kar hasil nahian karani chahie. balki use apane ustadoan se sikhana chahie. taki islam mazahab ki sahi janakari aur ibadat ka sahi tariqa pata chal sake. halaanki is tarah ke panthoan ki shuruat hazarat mohammad ke zamane mean hi ho gee thi.[1]
islami vichar
thumb|250px|soofivad hadisoan aur quran ki ayatoan ki roshani mean guru apane shagirdoan ko hazarat mohammad ke kiradar ki khoobiyaan batate the. apane guruoan ki madad se vo bhi hazarat mohammad ki shakhsiyat ki khoobiyoan se roobaroo hote the aur unhean apanate the. halaanki soofiyoan ki tadad bahut zyada nahian hai. lekin islami vichar aur itihas ko ek alag roop dene mean unaka b da yogadan raha hai. misal ke lie roomi, umar khayyam aur alagazali jaise b de shayaroan ne apane soofiyana kalam ke zarie islami vicharoan ko pashchimi deshoan tak phailaya. pashchim ke darshanikoan, lekhakoan aur dharmashastriyoan par inake vicharoan ka itana gahara asar p da ki unhoanne apani qitaboan mean in shayaroan ke vicharoan ka zikr kiya. darasal, soofipanth ke manane valoan ne islam mazahab ko islam ki sarazamian yani madhy poorv se lekar bharat, afriqa aur sudoor poorv tak phailaya.
soofi shabd
soofi shabd kahaan se aya, ise lekar tarah-tarah ki batean kahi jati rahi haian. koee kahata hai ki is lafj ka talluq 'pavitrata' se hai. koee kahata hai ye shabd 'grik' bhasha ke shabd 'sofiya' se liya gaya hai, jisaka matalab hai 'aqalamandi' ya 'samajhadari'. vahian kuchh ka ye bhi manana hai ki jitane bhi soofi the vo 'ooni' kap de pahanate the. ho sakata hai oon ke use reshe se is shabd ka sanbandh ho. baharahal, soophi lafz kahian se bhi aya ho, lekin soofi us shakhs ko kaha jata tha jisaka talluq tamam duniyavi hasaratoan aur khvahishoan se door sirf allah se hota tha. vo sabhi apani ziandagi ka maqasad qurani ayatoan mean batae ge arthoan mean samajhate the. jaise quran mean ek ayat mean kaha gaya hai- "maianne (allah) jinoan aur iansan ko isalie banaya hai, taki vo sirf meri ibadat kar sakean." allah ki ibadat ke isi maqasad ko hasil karane ke lie hazarat mohammad ke guzar jane ke kuchh sadiyoan bad tariqoan ki shuruat huee.[1]
paiganbar mohammad
inaka allah se roobaroo hone ya usaki ibadat karane ka apana tariqa tha. tariqoan ya soofiyoan ke samooh. har tariqe ke ek ustad hote the, jo baqi sadasyoan ko allah ki batean batate the. kaise khud ko khuda ki ibadat mean duboya jata hai, isaki talim logoan ko deta tha. isi tariqe ya panth ko 'soofivad' kaha jane laga. soofipanth ka itihas kafi lanba aur purana hai. lekin hal ke vaqt mean muslim samaj ke kuchh grup is panth ki zaroorat par savaliya nishan lagane lage haian. unake mutabiq soofiyoan ki ibadat ka tariqa khud paigambar mohammad ke lie anokha tha. unake mutabiq paigambar sahab ne kabhi bhi is tarah ke tariqe ko nahian mana tha.
halaanki soofipanthi bhi is bat ko manate haian ki paigambar mohammad ke zamane mean soofipanth jaisi koee chiz nahian thi. lekin apane haq mean vo dalil dete haian ki hazarat mohammad, unake sathi aur unake varis, yahaan tak ki shuruat ki tin pidhiyoan ke log bhi ibadat ke aise hi tariqe mean rache base the. lekin unhean koee khas nam nahian diya gaya tha. soofipanth ke log ustad ki zaroorat ko bhi quran ki roshani mean samajhate haian. quran ki ek ayat mean kaha gaya hai- "un logoan se poochho jo tum se behatar janate haian. aur usi raste ko apanao jo mujh tak pahuanchata hai."
mazahab aur niyam
soofiyoan ko bhi pakka musalaman hi mana ja sakata hai. vo din mean paanch bar namaz ada karate haian. roze rakhate haian. yani islam ke baqi manane valoan ki tarah mazahab ke niyam ka poori pabandi se palan karate haian. sath hi vo adhyatm par bhi zor dete haian. halaanki vo paigambar mohammad ke nam 'zikr allah' ko bhi janate haian. aur isaka anukaran bhi karate haian. khuda ki shan mean vo quran ki ayatoan aur paigambar mohammad ki batoan ka bhi zikr karate haian.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 soofi bhi hote haian pakke musalaman (hiandi) bbc.com. abhigaman tithi: 23 aprॅl, 2021.
sanbandhit lekh
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