भारत-पाकिस्तान युद्ध (1971)
sanh 1971 ka yuddh bharat aur pakistan ke bich ek sainy sangharsh tha. hathiyaraband l daee ke do morchoan par 14 dinoan ke bad, yuddh pakistan sena aur poorvi pakistan ke alag hone ki poorvi kaman ke samarpan ke sath khatm hua, baangladesh ke svatantr rajy pahachanane, 97,368 pashchim pakistaniyoan jo apani svatantrata ke samay poorvi pakistan mean the, kuchh 79,700 pakistan sena ke sainikoan aur arddhasainik baloan ke karmiyoan aur 12,500 nagarikoan, sahit lagabhag bharat dvara yuddh ke kaidiyoan ke roop mean le jaya gaya.
rajanitik halachal
l daee shuroo hone se do mahine pahale aktoobar 1971 mean nausena adhyaksh edamiral esem nanda bharat ki tatkalin pradhanamantri iandira gaandhi se milane ge. nausena ki taiyariyoan ke bare mean batane ke bad unhoanne shrimati gaandhi se poochha agar nausena karachi par hamala karean, to kya isase sarakar ko rajanitik roop se koee apatti ho sakati hai. iandira gaandhi ne haan ya n kahane ke bajae saval poochha ki ap aisa poochh kyoan rahe haian. nanda ne javab diya ki 1965 mean nausena se khas taur se kaha gaya tha ki vah bharatiy samudri sima se bahar koee karravaee n karean, jisase usake samane kee pareshaniyaan uth kh di huee thian. iandira gaandhi ne kuchh der socha aur kaha, 'vel edamiral, if deyar iz a var, dear iz a var.' yani agar l daee hai to l daee hai. edamiral nanda ne unhean dhanyavad diya aur kaha, ‘maidam mujhe mera javab mil gaya.’[1]
hamale ki yojana
sild lifafe mean hamale ke adesh karachi par hamale ki yojana banaee gee aur 1 disanbar 1971 ko sabhi potoan ko karachi par hamala karane ke sild lifaphe mean adesh de die ge. poora vestarn flit 2 disanbar ko muanbee se kooch kar gaya. unase kaha gaya ki yuddh shuroo hone ke bad hi vah us sild lifafe ko kholean. yojana thi ki nausainik be da din ke dauran karachi se 250 kilomitar ke vritt par rahega aur sham hote-hote usake 150 kilomitar ki doori par pahuanch jaega. aandhere mean hamala karane ke bad pau phatane se pahale vah apani tivratam raftar se chalate hue karachi se 150 door a jaega, taki vah pakistani bamavarshakoan ki pahuanch se bahar a jae aur hamala bhi roos ki osa klas misail bot se kiya jaega. vah vahaan khud se chal kar nahian jaeangi, balki unhean nailon ki rassiyoan se khianch kar le jaya jaega. aaupareshan traideant ke tahat pahala hamala nipat, nirghat aur vir misail bots ne kiya. pratyek misail bot char-char misailoan se lais thian. skvardan kamaandar babaroo yadav nipat par maujood the. ban ki shakl banate hue nipat sabase age tha usake pichhe baeean taraf nirghat tha aur dahina chhor vir ne sanbhala hua tha. usake thik pichhe aeeenes kiltan chal raha tha.[1]
khaibar dooba
vijay jerath ke netritv mean karachi par hamala hua tha. karachi se 40 kilomitar door yadav ne apane radar par harakat mahasoos ki. unhean ek pakistani yuddh pot apani taraf ata dikhaee diya. us samay rat ke 10 baj kar 40 minat hue the. yadav ne nirghat ko adesh diya ki vah apana rasta badale aur pakistani jahaz par hamala kare. nirghat ne 20 kilomitar ki doori se pakistani vidhvansak pienes khaibar par misail chalaee. khaibar ke navikoan ne samajha ki unaki taraf ati huee misail ek yuddhak viman hai. unhoanne apani viman bhedi topoan se misail ko nishana banane ki koshish ki lekin vah apane ko misail ka nishana banane se n rok sake. tabhi kamaandar yadav ne 17 kilomitar ki doori se khaibar par ek aur misail chalane ka adesh diya aur kiltan se bhi kaha ki vah nirghat ke bagal mean jae. doosari misail lagate hi khaibar ki gati shoony ho gee. pot mean ag lag gee aur usase gahara dhuana nikalane laga. tho di der mean khaibar pani mean doob gaya. us samay vah karachi se 35 n aautikal mil door tha aur samay tha 11 bajakar 20 minat. udhar nipat ne pahale vinas chaileanjar par ek misail dagi aur phir shahajahaan par doosari misail chalaee. vinas chaileanjar turant doob gaya jabaki shahajahaan ko nuqasan pahuancha. tisari misail ne kimari ke tel taiankars ko nishana banaya jisase do taiankaroan mean ag lag gee. is bich vir ne pakistani main svipar pien es muhafiz par ek misail chalaee jisase usamean ag lag gee aur vah bahut tezi se doob gaya. is hamale ke bad se pakistani nausena satark ho gee aur usane din rat karachi ke charoan taraf chhote vimanoan se nigarani rakhani shuroo kar di. 6 disanbar ko nausena mukhyalay ne pakistani nausena ka ek sandesh pak da jisase pata chala ki pakistani vayusena ne ek apane hi pot pienes zulfikar ko bharatiy yuddhapot samajhate hue us par hi bamabari kar di. pashchimi be de ke flaig aaufisar kamaandiang edamiral kuruvila ne karachi par doosara misail bot hamala karane ki yojana banaee aur use aaupareshan paithan ka nam diya gaya.[1]
'vinash' ka hamala
is bar akeli misail bot vinash, do frigets trishool aur talavar ke sath gee. 8 disanbar 1971 ki rat 8 bajakar 45 minat ka samay tha. aeeenes vinash par kamaandiang aaufisar vijay jerath ke netritv mean 30 nausainik karachi par doosara hamala karane ki taiyari kar rahe the. tabhi bot ki bijali fel ho gee aur kantrol aautopailat par chala gaya. vah abhi bhi baitari se misail chala sakate the lekin vah apane lakshy ko radar se dekh nahian sakate the. vah apane ap ko is sanbhavana ke lie taiyar kar hi rahe the ki qarib 11 baje bot ki bijali vapas a gee. jerath ne radar ki taraf dekha. ek pot dhire dhire karachi bandaragah se nikal raha tha. jab vah pot ki pozishan dekh hi rahe the ki unaki nazar kimari tel dipo ki taraf gee. misail ko jaanchane-parakhane ke bad unhoanne reanj ko mainual aur maiksimam par set kiya aur misail fayar kar di. jaise hi misail ne tel taiankaroan ko hit kiya vahaan jaise pralay hi a gee. jerath ne doosari misail se potoan ke ek samooh ko nishana banaya. vahaan kh de ek british jahaz haramataun mean ag lag gee aur panama ka pot galf star barabad hokar doob gaya. chauthi misail pienes dhaka par dagi gee lekin usake kamaandar ne kaushal aur buddhi ka parichay dete hue apane pot ko bacha liya. lekin kimari tel dipo mean lagi ag ki lapatoan ko 60 kilomitar ki doori se bhi dekha ja sakata tha. aaupareshan khatm hote hi jerath ne sandesh bheja, 'for pijans haipi in d nest. rijvainiang.' unako javab mila, ’ef 15 se vinash ke lie: isase achchhi divali hamane aj tak nahian dekhi.’ karachi ke tel dipo mean lagi ag ko sat dinoan aur sat ratoan tak nahian bujhaya ja saka. agale din jab bharatiy vayu sena ke viman chalak karachi par bamabari karane ge to unhoanne riport di, ‘yah eshiya ka sabase b da bonafayar tha.’ karachi ke oopar itana dhuaan tha ki tin dinoan tak vahaan sooraj ki roshani nahian pahuanch saki.[1]
yuddh parinam
3 disanbar 1971 ko pakistan ki or se bharatiy thikanoan par hamale ke bad bharatiy sainikoan ne poorvi pakistan ko mukt karane ka abhiyan shuroo kiya. bharatiy sena ke samane dhaka ko mukt karane ka lakshy rakha hi nahian gaya. isako lekar bharatiy janaraloan mean kafi matabhed bhi the pichhe jati huee pakistani sena ne puloan ke to d kar bharatiy sena ki abhiyan rokane ki koshish ki lekin 13 disanbar ate-ate bharatiy sainikoan ko dhaka ki imaratean nazar ane lagi thian. pakistan ke pas dhaka ki raksha ke lie ab bhi 26400 sainik the jabaki bharat ke sirf 3000 sainik dhaka ki sima ke bahar the, lekin pakistaniyoan ka manobal girata chala ja raha tha. 1971 ki l daee mean sima suraksha bal aur mukti bahini ne pakistani sainikoan ke atmasamarpan mean mahattvapoorn bhoomika nibhaee. phir bhi yah ek tarafa lada़ee nahian thi. hili aur jamalapur sektar mean bharatiy sainikoan ko pakistan ke k de pratirodh ka samana karana pada. l daee se pahale bharat ke lie palayan karate poorvi pakistani sharanarthi, ek samay bharat mean baangladesh ke qarib dedh karo d sharanarthi pahuanch ge the. lakhoan bangaliyoan ne apane gharoan ko chho d kar sharanarthi ke roop mean p dosi bharat mean sharan lene ka faisala kiya. mukti bahini ne pakistani sainikoan par kee jagah ghat laga kar hamala kiya aur pak d mean ane par unhean bharatiy sainikoan ke havale kar diya. razakaroan aur pakistan samarthit tatvoan ko sthaniy logoan aur mukti bahini ka kop bhajan banana p da.[2]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 'if dear iz a v aaur, dear iz a v aaur' (hiandi) bi.bi.si. hiandi. abhigaman tithi: 15 faravari, 2013.
- ↑ terah din ka yuddh aur ek rashtr ka janm (hiandi) bi.bi.si. hiandi. abhigaman tithi: 15 faravari, 2013.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh