भारत-पाकिस्तान युद्ध (1965)
bharat-pakistan ke bich sima vivad par jari tanav ne 1965 mean yuddh ka roop le liya. bharatiy faujoan ne pashchimi pakistan par lahaur ka lakshy kar hamale kie. tattakalin raksha mantri yashavantarav chahvan ne kaha ki pakistani sena ke hamale ke javab mean karravaee ki gee. pakistani sena ne bharatiy rajy panjab par havaee hamale kie. tatkalin pakistani rashtrapati janaral ayyoob khan ne bharat ke khilaf poorn yuddh ki ghoshana kar di. tin haftoan tak chali bhishan l daee ke bad donoan desh sanyukt rashtr prayojit yuddhaviram par sahamat ho ge. bharatiy pradhanamantri lal bahadur shastri aur ayoob khan ke bich tashakand mean baithak huee jisamean ek ghoshanapatr par donoan ne dastakhat kie. isake tahat donoan netaoan ne sare dvipakshiy masale shaantipoorn tarike se hal karane ka sankalp liya. donoan neta apani-apani sena ko agast, 1965 se pahale ki sima par vapas bulane par sahamat ho ge. lal bahadur shastri ki tashakand samajhaute ke ek din bad hi rahasyamay paristhitiyoan mean maut ho gee.[1]
aaupareshan jibraltar mishan
janakar kahate haian ki yuddh bharat ne nahian chhe da. yuddh ke lie bharat ko pakistan ne ukasaya. pakistan ke poorv rashtriy suraksha salahakar mahamood ali durrani bhi svikar karate haian ki pakistan ne bharat ko yuddh ke lie ukasaya. march ke mahine mean hi pakistan ne sima par chhoti moti ghusapaith aur golibari karani shuroo kar di thi. tab briten ki madhyasthata par mamala sulajh gaya tha. lekin pakistan ke irade kuchh aur hi the. pakistan kashmir ki janata ko apane ghusapaithiyoan ki madad se bh daka kar bharat ke khilaf vidroh karavana chahata tha. usane is mishan ka nam rakha - 'aaupareshan jibraltar'. 5 agast ko pakistan ne bharat ke khilaf adhikarik taur par yuddh chhe d diya. pakistan ke 30-40 hajar sainik bharat ki sima mean ghus ge. pakistan ko ummid thi ki bharat ko kashmir mean ghusapaithiyoan se mukabala karane mean ulajha kar vo kashmiriyoan ko bhramit kar sakega. is dauran kashmiri janata bhi bharatiy sena ke khilaf vidroh kar degi aur kashmir ka bharatiy hissa bhi pakistan ke hath mean a jaega. bharat chin se yuddh harane ke bad is halat mean nahian tha ki phir se ek yuddh jhel sake. isi chij ka phayada pakistan ne uthaya. usi din bharatiy sarakar ko pakistani sena ke kashmir mean ghusane ki khabar mili. kashmir bachane ki jugat mean bharatiy sena ne bhi javabi karravaee karate hue antararashtriy niyantran rekha par kar rahe ghusapaithiyoan par hamala bol diya. ek taraph pakistan ke ghusapaithie kashmir ke raste aandar ghusate ja rahe the to doosari taraph bharatiy sena pakistani sainikoan par hamala kar rahi thi. shurooat mean bharatiy sena ko saphalata milati gee. usane tin paha doan ilakoan ko pakistani ghusapaithiyoan ke kabje se azad kara liya.[2]
'graiand slem' abhiyan
ek haphte ke bhitar hi pak ne tithaval, u di aur puanchh ke kuchh mahattvapoorn ilakoan mean qabza kar liya. lekin, 15 agast 1965 ka din bharat ke lie shubh raha. 15 agast ko pak mean ghusi bharatiy sena ko atirikt tuk diyoan ka samarthan mil gaya aur bharat ne pakistan ke kabje vale kashmir mean 8 kilomitar aandar ghus kar haji pir darre par apana jhanda lahara diya. ek samay pakistan ko lagane laga ki pramukh shahar mujaphpharabad bhi bharat ke hath mean chala jaega. bharatiy sena ka manobal to dane ke lie pakistan ne 'graiand slem' abhiyan chalaya aur kashmir ke akhanoor aur jammoo par hamala bol diya. chooanki shesh bharat se kashmir mean rasad aur any rahat pahuanchane ke lie yah mahattvapoorn ilake the, isalie bharat ko jhataka laga. jab thal sena se kam nahian chal paya to bharat ne havaee hamale karane shuroo kie. isake javab mean pakistan ne shrinagar aur panjab rajy par hamale karane shuroo kar die. akhanoor par pak hamale ko lekar bharat chiantit ho gaya tha. bharat janata tha ki akhanoor par pakistan ka qabza ho gaya to poora kashmir bharat ke hath se nikal jaega. bharat poori takat se akhanoor ko pak hamale se bachane ki koshish kar raha tha. bharat ke havaee hamaloan ko viphal karane ke lie pak ne shrinagar ke havaee thikanoan par hamale kie jisase bharat ghabara gaya. pakistan ki behatar sthiti aur bharat ki kamazor sthiti ke bavajood pakistan ka 'graiand slem' abhiyan phel ho gaya. bharat ke lie yah rahat ki bat thi. is viphalata ki vajah bharat nahian balki khud pakistan tha. darasal jab akhanoor pak ke kabje mean ane hi vala tha, ain mauke par pakistan ke sainik kamaandar ko badal diya gaya. yuddh ke nirnayak mo d par kh di pak sena is badalav se bhramit ho gee. 24 ghantoan tak pak sena age nahian badh paee aur ye 24 ghante bharat ke lie bahut mahattvapoorn rahe. in ghantoan mean bharat ko akhanoor ki raksha ke liye atirikt sainik aur saman lane ka abhootapoorv mauka mila aur akhanoor pakistan ke hathoan mean jate jate bach gaya. kaha jata hai ki khud bharatiy sainy kamaandar bhi hairan ho ge ki jit ke muhane par akar pakistan har ki vajahean kyoan paida kar raha hai.[2]
amerika ka hastakshep
6 sitanbar 1965 ko bharat pakistan ke bich ki vastavik sima rekha ichchhogil nahar ko par karake bharatiy sena pakistan mean ghus gee. tezise akraman karati huee bharatiy thal sena ka karavaan badhata raha aur bharatiy sena lahaur havaee adde ke najadik pahuanch gee. yahaan ek rochak vakaya ho gaya. amerika ne bharat se apil ki ki kuchh samay ke lie yuddhaviram kiya jae taki vo apane nagarikoan ko lahaur se bahar nikal sake. bharatiy sena ne amerika ki bat man li aur is vajah se bharat ko nukasan bhi hua. isi yuddh viram ke samay mean pakistan ne bharat mean khemakaran par hamala kar us par qabza kar liya.
khemakaran aur munabao par pakistan ka qabza
8 disanbar ko pakistan ne munabao par hamala kar diya. darasal pakistan lahaur mean hamala karane ko taiyar bharatiy sena ka dhyan bantana chahata tha. munabao mean pakistan ko rokane ke lie maratha rejimeant bheji gee. maratha sainikoan ne jamakar pak ka mukabala kiya lekin rasad ki kami aur kam sainik hone ke chalate maratha sainik shahid ho ge. phalasvaroop 10 disanbar ko pakistan ne munabao par qabza kar liya. khemakaran par kabje ke bad pakistan amritasar par qabza karana chahata tha lekin apane desh mean bharatiy sena ki badhat dekhakar use kadam rokane p de. 12 sitanbar tak jang mean kuchh thaharav aya. donoan hi deshoan ki sena jite hue hisse par dhyan de rahi thi.[2]
yuddh parinam
is yuddh mean bharat aur pakistan ne bahut kuchh khoya. is jang mean bharatiy sena ke qarib 3000 aur pakistan ke qarib 3800 javan mare ge. bharat ne yuddh mean pakistan ke 710 varg kilomitar ilake aur pakistan ne bharat ke 210 varg kilomitar ilake ko apane kabje mean le liya tha. bharat ne pakistan ke jin ilakoan par jit hasil ki, unamean siyalakot, lahaur aur kashmir ke kuchh ati upajaoo kshetr bhi shamil the. doosari taraph pakistan ne bharat ke chhanb aur siandh jaise retile ilakoan par qabza kiya. kshetraphal ke hisab se dekha jae to yuddh ke is charan mean bharat phayade mean tha aur pakistan nukasan mean. akhirakar vah samay aya jab sanyukt rashtr ki pahal par donoan desh yuddh viram ko raji hue. roos ke tashakand mean bharatiy pradhanamantri lal bahadur shastri aur pakistan ke pradhanamantri ayoob khaan ke bich 11 janavari, san 1966 ko samajhauta hua. donoan ne ek ghoshanapatr par hastakshar karake apane vivadit muddoan ko batachit se hal karane ka bharosa dilaya aur yah tay kiya ki 25 pharavari tak donoan desh niyantran rekha apani senaean hata leange. donoan desh is bat par raji hue ki 5 agast se pahale ki sthiti ka palan kareange aur jiti huee jamin se qabza chho d deange. tashakand samajhaute kuchh hi ghantoan bad shastri ji ki rahasyamay tarike se maut ho gee. adhikarik taur par kaha gaya ki tashakand ki bhayankar sardi ke chalate shastri ji ko dil ka daura p da. jabaki, kuchh log ye bhi dava karate haian ki ek shadyantr ke jarie unaki hatya ki gee. kuchh janakar yah bhi sanbhavana jatate haian ki bharat pak samajhaute mean kuchh masaloan par am ray kayam n hone ke chalate shastri ji tanav mean a ge aur unhean dil ka daura p da.[2]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ azad bharat: mukhy p dav (hiandi) bibisi. abhigaman tithi: 15 faravari, 2013.
- ↑ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 sanh 1965 ka bharat-pak yuddh : kuchh yadean (hiandi) Blogger’s Paradise. abhigaman tithi: 15 faravari, 2013.
bahari k diyaan
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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