लॉर्ड लैन्सडाउन
lainsadaun 1888 ee. se 1894 ee. tak bharat ka vaisaray tatha gavarnar-janaral raha. samrajyavadi pravritti ka lainsadaun, l aaurd dafarin ke bad bharat ka vayasaray bana tha. usake samay mean 'sar dyoorand' ko afaganistan bheja gaya, jinake prayas se bharat or afaganistan ke madhy sima ka nirdharan hua, jise 'doorand rekha' ke nam se jana jata hai. manipur mean hue vidroh ko shant karane ka shrey lainsadaun ko hi diya jata hai. lainsadaun ke samay 1891 ee. mean doosara phaiktri ekt laya gaya tha. isamean striyoan ko 11 ghante pratidin se adhik kam karane par pratibandh lagaya gaya tha.
arthik mandi
lainsadaun ke samay svatantr manipur rajy mean tho de samay ke lie bagavat huee, jisake lie rajy ke pradhan senapati tikendrajit ko zimmedar thaharaya gaya. bagavat ko kuchal diya gaya aur tikendrajit ko phaansi de di gee. kuchh samay se chaandi ka bhav girata ja raha tha, aur l aaurd lainsadaun ke prashasan kal mean itani mandi a gee ki, 1893 ee. mean takasaloan mean chaandi aur sone ke sikkoan ka nirbadh riti se dhalana band kar diya gaya aur sona aur chaandi ko rupaye se badalane ke lie bhav prati ginni das rupaye ke bajae pandrah rupaya kar diya gaya. isake phalasvaroop rupaye ki vinimay dar kafi gir gee, jisase bharat ko bahut hani huee.
agrasar niti
l aaurd lainsadaun ne bharat ke uttar-poorvi tatha uttar-pashchimi simantoan par 'agrasar niti' kuchh sima tak jari rakhi. barma (vartaman myaanmar) par ki gee british vijay ko chin ne manyata pradan kar di. sikkim ka svatantr rajy 1888 ee. mean british sanrakshan mean le liya gaya aur tibbat ke sath usaki sima ka nirdharan kar diya gaya. chatagaanv ke uttar-poorv ke parvatiy kshetroan mean rahane vale lushaiyoan, usase aur poorv ke chin logoan tatha iravati nadi ke us par sthit shan rajyoan ko british prabhav kshetr mean sammilit kar liya gaya. uttar-pashchim mean kveta se bolan darre tak samarik mahattv ki relave lain ka nirman kiya gaya, jisase kandhar tak badhana sugam ho gaya. afagan sima par gilagit ke nikat huanja aur nagar ke do chhote-chhote rajyoan ko 1892 ee. mean le liya gaya. usi varsh chitral ki ghati ke marg par sthit kalat rajy ko british sanrakshan mean le liya gaya.
sima nirdharan
uttar-pashchim mean british shasan ke is vistar se afaganistan ka amir abdurrahaman chintit ho utha aur use aangrezoan ki niyat mean sandeh hone laga. ant mean 1892 ee. mean l aaurd lainsadaun ke kahane se amir abdurrahaman sar matiansar dooraind ko afaganistan mean british rajadoot ke roop mean rakhane ke lie razi ho gaya. dooraind bina kisi rakshak dal ko sath lie afaganistan gaya aur amir abdurrahaman se maitripoorn sambandh sthapit karane mean saphal hua. usane kuchh vivadaspad kshetr ke sambandh mean amir se samajhauta kiya aur ant mean afaganistan aur bharat ke bich jin kshetroan mean simakann karana sambhav tha, vahaan simakann karane mean saphal ho gaya. yah sima rekha usake nam par dooraind sima rekha kahalati hai.
|
|
|
|
|
|
sanbandhit lekh