क्रिकेट
kriket ke maidan mean kriket khelate khila di|thumb|300px kriket ek balle v geand se 11-11 khila diyoan ke do daloan ke bich ek b de maidan mean khela jane vala khel hai. mukhyatah yah ek bahari (autador) khel hai, aur kuchh muqabale kritrim prakash (phlad laits) mean bhi khele jate haian. udaharan ke lie, garami ke mausam mean ise sanyukt rajashahi, aaustreliya, nyoojilaiand aur dakshin aphrika mean khela jata hai jabaki vest iandij, bharat, pakistan, shrilanka aur baangladesh mean zyadatar manasoon ke bad sardiyoan mean khela jata hai. mukhy roop se isaka prashasan dubee mean sthit aantararashtriy kriket parishad (aeesisi) ke dvara kiya jata hai, jo isake sadasy rashtroan ke ghareloo niyantrit nikayoan ke madhyam se vishv bhar mean khel ka ayojan karati hai. aeesisi aantarrashtriy star par khele jane vale purush aur mahila kriket donoan ka niyantran karati hai. halaanki purush, mahila kriket nahian khel sakate haian par niyamoan ke anusar mahilaean purushoan ki tim mean khel sakati haian.
parichay
kriket ek b de maidan mean khela jata hai aur is maidan ke bich mean ek 'pich' banaee jati hai jo 22 gaj lambi aur 10 phut chau di hoti hai. isake donoan taraf 28 ianch ooanche tin 'stamp' lage rahate haian aur in stampoan ke bich mean do 'gilliyaan' lagi rahati haian. ye tinoan stamp itane pas–pas ga de jate haian ki jisamean se geand n guzar sake. geand ki paridhi 9 ianch ki hoti hai. kriket ka geand ek khas dhang ka hota hai. jisaka bhar 5.5 auans se kam aur 5.75 auans se adhik nahian hota. har tim ka apana ek kaptan hota hai, jo ki in gyarah khila diyoan mean hi shamil hota hai. isake alava do ampayar hote haian, jinaka faisala donoan timoan ko many hota hai. donoan timoan mean se kaun–si tim pahale khelegi isaka faisala siqqe ki uchhal se, jise 'tas' kaha jata hai, kiya jata hai. jis tim ka kaptan tas jit jata hai, vah yadi chahe to pahale khel shuroo kar sakata hai. dasavean khila di ke aut hote hi sari tim ko aut hua man liya jata hai. aur is bich us tim ne jitane bhi ran banae hote haian, vah usake age jo d die jate haian aur kaha jata hai ki amuk–amuk tim ne apani pahali pari mean itane ran banae haian. donoan dal bari-bari se ballebazi (ek pari) aur geandabazi karate haian v ek pari ke samapt hone par apas mean jagah badal lete haian.
muqabale ke poorv-nirdharit samay ke anusar daloan ko ek athava do pariyaan milati haian, jinamean adhikadhik ran banane ka uddeshy hota hai. ballebazi kar raha dal apane viket (tin-tin dandoan ke do samooh, jo maidan mean ek-doosare se 20.12 mitar door zamin mean lagae jate hai) bachata hai aur geand par prahar karake doosare chhor ke viket tak dau dakar athava geand par prahar kar use sima rekha ki or ya usake par bhejakar ran banane ka prayas karata hai. geandabaz baanh sidhi rakhakar pheanki gee geand se viket girane ka prayas karate haian, jisase gilliyaan (jo viket ke oopar a di rakhi rahati hai) gir jaean. yah ballebaz ko aut karane ke kee tarikoan mean se ek hota hai.
itihas
thumb|kriket maich ke khelate hue khila di|250px
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
kriket ke khel ka itihas 16vian shatabdi se aj tak atyant vistrit roop mean vidyaman hai. pahala aantararashtriy kriket maich 1844 ke bad khela gaya, yadyapi adhikarik roop se aantararashtriy test kriket 1877 se prarambh hue. is samay se yah khel mool roop se ianglaiand mean vikasit hua jo ki ab peshevar roop mean adhikaansh rashtr mandal deshoan mean khela jata hai. kriket duniya bhar mean khela jata hai. visheshakar ianglaiand, dakshin eshiya, dakshin aphrika aur any rashtramandal deshoan mean, maich anaupacharik, saptahaant ki dopahari mean gaanvoan ke hare maidanoan mean khele jane vale muqabaloan se lekar pramukh vyavasayik khila diyoan ke bich vishal stediyamoan mean khele jane vale paanch divasiy aantarrashtriy muqabaloan tak hote haian.
kriket ke itihas mean pahale–pahal ki batean
- pahala test maich — 15 march, 1877 ko. (astreliya)
- pahala test — melaborn (astreliya mean).
- pahala ran — charls bainaramain (astreliya).
- pahala viket — hil (ianglaind).
- pahala viket kisaka — tamsan (astreliya).
- pahali jit — 45 ran (astreliya).
- pahala ovar — alfredasha (ianglaind).
- pahala test shatak — bainaramain (165 ran) (astreliya).
- pahala dohara test shatak — murdoch (211 ran) (astreliya — 1877).
- 99 par aut pahala khila di — klem hil (astreliya — 1901-2).
- sabase kam ranoan se — pahali vijay (astreliya ke viruddh ianglaind).
- sabase adhik ranoan se — pahali jit (ianglaind ke viruddh astreliya) (675 ran) (1928-29).
- pahala khila di shuroo se ant tak — murdoch (153 ran) (1880) (astreliya ke viruddh ianglaind).
- ek varsh mean 1000 ran banane vala pahala khila di — klem hil (astreliya) (1060 ran).
- paanch testoan mean harane v jitane vala pahala desh — jit (astreliya, 1920-21), har (ianglaind).
- pahala shatak pratidvandvi kaptanoan dvara — (1913-14) je0 dagalas (109) aur ech0 telar (119) (dakshin afrika ke viruddh ianglaind).
- pahala test kab se kis desh mean — 1- astreliya, 1877 2- ianglaind, 1880, 3-vestiandiz, 1900, 4- bharat, 1932 5- nyazilaind, 1929-30, 6- pakistan, 1952
bharat mean pahala test maich
bharat ne test kriket mean pahala qadam sanh 1932 mean rakha tha. is varsh ianglaiand ke viruddh lardas mean bharat ne pahala test khela tha. is test mean bharatiy tim ke kaptan si. ke. nayadoo the. ek test ki shrriankhala mean bharat yah test 158 ran se hara. ianglaiand ki pratham pari mean 259 ran tatha dvitiy pari mean 8 viket par 275 ran the. bharat ki pratham tatha doosari pari mean kramashah 189 ve 187 ran the. pratham pari mean kaptan si. ke. nayadoo ke 40 ran sarvochch skor tha tatha dvitiy pari mean tez geandabaz amar sianh ke 51 ran sarvochch skor tha. amar sianh bharat ke pahale khila di the, jinhoanne pahala ardh–shatak lagaya tha. ianglaiand ke viruddh bharat ka pahala test shatak lala amaranath ne 1933-34 ki shrriankhala mean bambee test mean lagaya. yah lala amaranath ka pahala test shatak tha aur bharatiy bhoomi par yah pahala test maich tha.
kriket ke niyam
kriket bharat mean sabase zyada khela jane vala aur sabase lokapriy khel hai. bharatiy kriket ke divane hai. ham sabane apane jivan mean koee aur khel khela ho ya n ho par kriket jarur khela hai. kriket ke prati itane samarpit hone ke bad bhi ham mean se kee isake moolabhoot niyamo aur siddhaanto se anabhijn hai. har khel ki tarah kriket ke bhi apane niyam hai.
| shabdavali | niyam |
|---|---|
| pich | aeesisi (ICC) ke manakoan ke anusar ek manak kriket pich ki ausat lambaee 20 mitar aur chau daee 3 mitar honi chahie. |
| viket | viket ki ooanchaee 720 mimi aur usaki sanyukt chau daee 230 mimi honi chahie. |
| no b aaul | kriz ki poppiang rekha se bahar geandabaz ka pair p dane par no b aaul mani jati hai. donoan rekhaoan ki lambaee 2.64 mitar tatha donoan ke bich ki doori 1.2 mitar hoti hai. |
| surakshit kshetr | jis kshetr mean ballebaj ran aut ya stanpiang nahian ho sakata, us kriz se ghire kshetr ko surakshit kshetr (Safe Zone) kaha jata hai. |
| vaid b aaul | yadi geandabaz geand ko geandabazi karate samay use ballebaz se adhik door pheanke to ampayar vaid b aaul karar deta hai. isake lie do atirikt said kriz bhi hoti haian jo vaid b aaul ka nirdharan karati hai. |
| balla | balle ki manak lambaee 970 mimi aur chau daee 108 mimi hoti hai. balle ke shirsh par belanakar heandal hota hai. heandal ki chau daee bled se kam hoti hai. heandal ki chau daee balle ki kul lambaee se adhik bhi nahian honi chahie. |
| geand | geand ki paridhi ki manak lambaee 230 mimi hoti hai. geand ka vazan 155.9 se 163.0 gram ke bich hota hai. |
| suraksha | ballebaz ko suraksha ke lie helamet, dastane (glavs) aur peds pahanana anivary hota hai. |
| ampayar | khel do ampayaroan ke dvara sanchalit aur niyantrit kiya jata hai. inaka nirnay sarvamany hota hai. yadi kisi sthiti mean donoan ampayar nirnay karane mean asamarth hote hai to nirnay dene ke lie tisare ampayar (thard aanpayar) ko kaha jata hai jo telivizan aur kaimare ki sahayata se nirnay leta hai. |
| maich refari | pratyek maich ke lie ek maich refari bhi hota hai jisaka kam khel mean niyamoan ko banaye rakhana hota hai. aur yadi koee khila di niyamoan ka ullanghan karata hai to use dand dene ka adhikar maich refari ko hota hai. |
| skor bord | do skor bord parichalak hote hai jo skor bord ko niyantrit aur parichalit karate haian. skor bord par mukhy aank de dikhae jate haian jaise- ran, ovar, viket, atirikt ran, adi dikhae jate haian. |
maank d ka aandaj-e-aut bana niyam
[[chitr:Vinoo-Mankad.jpg|thumb|vinoo maank d
Vinoo Mankad]]
hal hi mean khel jagat mean khila diyoan ki badadimagi ke prakaran samane ae haian. dakshin aphrika aur vest iandij ke test maich ke dauran del sten ne vipakshi geandabaz suleman ben ki or thook kar khel bhavana ko ahat kiya tha. par vishv kriket mean aise bhi kshan ae jo pahale badatamiji karar die ge aur bad mean aeesisi ke niyam ke roop mean tabdil ho ge.
aisa hi ek niyam hai maank d aut hona. bharat ke mahan kriketar vinoo maank d ne is tarike se ran aut karane ki shuruat ki thi. disanbar 1947 mean aaustreliya daure par gee tim iandiya ka yah kissa bahut mashahoor hai.
hua yooan ki aaustreliya ke viruddh sidani test mean bharatiy geandabaz vinoo maank d ne vipakshi ballebaj ko kuchh aise aut kiya ki sab dang rah ge. maank d ne geandabazi karate hue krij tak pahuanchakar bina geand pheanke n aaun straikiang chhor ki gilliyaan bikher dian. kangaroo ballebaj bil braun geand dale jane ke poorv hi ran lene ki jaldabazi mean krij chho d chuke the. maank d ne gilli u date hi ran aut ki apil ki aur aanpayar ne uangali utha di. halaanki maank d ki is harakat ko aaustreliyaee midiya ne khel bhavana ke viruddh batate hue bhartasana ki par diggaj ballebaj d aaun bredamen samet kuchh vipakshi khila diyoan ne maank d ka bachav kiya. bad mean aut karane ka yah tarika kriket ke niyamoan mean shamil ho gaya. aur isaka nam maank d p d gaya.
kriket niyamoan ki dhara 42.15 ke aantargat maank d ko vaidhanik kar diya gaya.
kapil ne doharaya itihas
bharat ke mahan kaptanoan mean se ek kapil dev ne bhi dakshin aphrika ke khilaf vanade mean maank d ka itihas doharaya tha. sal 1993 mean hue is muqabale mean kapil dev ne pitar karsatan ko maank d aut kar diya tha.
parinam
yadi bad mean khelane vali tim doosare paksh se kam ran bana kar aut ho jati hai to kaha jata hai ki tim N ranoan se har gee hai. (jahaan N donoan timoan ke dvara banaye ge ranoan ki sankhya ka antar hai) yadi bad mean khelane vali tim jitane ke lie paryapt ran bana leti hai to kaha jata hai ki vah N viketoan se jit gee. jahaan N bache hue viketoan ki sankhya hai.
udaharan
yadi pahale khelane vali tim 280 ran banati hai aur doosari tim bad mean khelate hue sirf 250 ran bana pati hai to doosari tim (bad mean khelane vali) ki 30 ran se har mani jati hai aur yadi bad khelane vali tim keval 7 viket khokar pahale khelane vali tim ke skor ko par kar leti hai to kaha jata hai ki vah 3 viket se maich jit gee hai.
yadi bad mean ballebazi karane vali tim aaul aut ho jati hai, aur donoan timoan ne saman ran banaye haian, to maich taee ho jata hai; yah natija kafi durlabh hota hai. khel ke paranparagat svaroop mean, kisi bhi paksh ke jitane se pahale yadi samay khatm ho jata hai to khel ko dra ghoshit kar diya jata hai.
dakavarth luees niyam
thumb|250px|kriket maich ke dauran gautam ganbhir ran lete hue is niyam ka vikas ianglaiand ke do saankhyiki ke vidvan phraiank dakavarth aur tauni luees ne kiya tha. yah niyam kriket ke simit maich ke dauran kisi prakar ki pratikool bhaugolik paristhitiyoan evan any sthitiyoan mean apanaya jane vala niyam hai. jisase ki maich apane nirnay tak pahuanch sake. dakavarth luees niyam aantarrashtriy kriket parishad dvara manyata prapt hai. is niyam ke tahat ghatae ge ovaroan mean ne lakshy nirdharit kiye jate haian . is lakshy nirdharan vidhi ko ek khas saankhyikiy sarani ki madad se nikala jata hai jisaka sanshodhan samay-samay par hota rahata hai . uparokt sarani 2002 ke sanshodhan ke samay ki hai jisamean pratyek ovar ke bache rahate aur viket ke shesh rahate sansadhanoan ki map pratishat mean di gee hai . isamean sansadhanoan ya sadhanoanddh ki vidhi par adharit ranoan ki sankhya ka lakshy nikala jata hai .
mana ki pahali tim ne R1 sadhanoan ka prayog karate hue S ran banae. agar doosari tim ko khelane ke lie sirf R2 sadhan mile to unaka lakshy hoga- S*R2/R1. isako samajhane ke lie ek udaharan niche diya gaya hai.
udaharan
mana ki pahale tim ne khelakar S ran banae aur bad mean khel rahi tim ne 30 ovaroan mean do viket kho die to R(30,2) ka man upar ki tebal se dekhakar 52.4% nikalate haian. chooanki bad vali tim ne sirf 100-52.4=47.6% sadhanoan ka prayog kiya at: unaka naya lakshy hoga - S*47.6/100>.
di/el niyam ka ek saral udaharan
pahala ek divasiy aantararashtriy bharat aur pakistan ke bich apane 2006 ekadivasiy shrriankhala mean khela ja raha tha. bharat ne pahale ballebazi ki aur 49 ovar mean 328 banae. pakistan ne doosari ballebazi karate hue 7 viket par 311 ran banaye hi the ki tabhi kharab roshani ke karan khel ko 47 ovar par roka diya gaya tha. jahaan ran ret ke hisab se 3 ovar mean 18 ran chahie the 3 viket hath mean the. di/el methad mean agar ran ret ke hisab se dekhean to 47 ovar ke bad 3 viket hath mean hote yahaan 304 ran hote to pakistan ki jit tay thi yahaan unaka skor 311/7 viket ke nuqasan par tha to adhikarik taur par parinam ke roop mean pakistan ki 7 ran se jit ghoshit ki gee.
kriket maichoan ke prakar
[[chitr:India Vs Bangladesh-Cricket Match.jpg|thumb|250px|kriket maich ke dauran sachin aur sahavag ran lete hue]] vyapak arthoan mean kriket ek bahu ayami khel hai, ise khel ke paimanoan ke adhar par mejar kriket aur mainar kriket mean vibhajit kiya ja sakata hai. ek aur adhik uchit vibhajan, vishesh roop se mejar kriket ke shabdoan mean, maichoan ke bich kiya jata hai, jisamean kul do pariyaan hoti haian, pratyek tim ko ek pari khelani hoti hai. ise poorv mean pratham shreni kriket ke roop mean jana jata tha, isaki avadhi tin se paanch din hoti hai, (aise maichoan ke udaharan bhi milate haian jinamean samay ki koee sima nahian rahi hai); bad mean inhean simit ovaroan ke kriket ke roop mean jana jane laga kyoanki pratyek tim praroopik roop se simit 50 ovar mean geandean dalati hai, isaki poorv nirdharit avadhi keval 1 din hoti hai. mukhy roop se kriket ke tin praroop haian-
test kriket
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
test kriket, kriket ka sabase lamba svaroop hota hai. ise khila diyoan ki khel kshamata ki vastavik pariksha mana gaya hai. kriket ke is praroop mean 5 din tak khel hota hai, aur donoan daloan ko do-do bar geandabazi aur ballebazi ka mauqa milata hai. isamean ek din mean 90 ovar pheanke jate haian.
vanade kriket
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
ise ekadivasiy kriket ya simit ovar muqabala bhi kaha jata hai. isamean pratyek dal 50 ovar geandabazi aur 50 ovar ballebazi karata hai. yah ek din mean hi samapt ho jata hai. is praroop mean vishv kap pratiyogita ayojit ki jati haian. jisamean sabhi aeesisi sadasy desh hissa lete haian. ekadivasiy kriket ka vishvakap sanh 1983 mean kapil dev ki kaptani mean bharat ne jita.
tveanti 20 kriket
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
yah kriket ka sabase chhota praroop hai, jisaka uddeshy hai ki maich 3 ghante mean khatm ho jae, samanyat: ise sham ke samay mean khela jata hai. isamean pratyek dal keval 20 ovar ballebazi aur 20 ovar geandabazi karata hai. mool vichar, jab isaki avadharana ianglaiand mean 2003 mean pesh ki gee, yah thi ki karmachariyoan ko sham ke samay mean manoranjan upalabdh karaya ja sake. yah vyavasayik roop se bahut saphal hua aur ise aantarrashtriy star par apanaya gaya hai. isake phalasvaroop bharat mean aeepiel ki shuruat huee. tveanti 20 kriket ke pratham vishv kap ko bharat ne 2007 mean maheandr sianh dhoni ki kaptani mean jita.
ballebazi
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
200px|thumb|sachin ballebazi karate hue
Sachin in Batting Action
kriket ke prashansakoan ke lie ballebazi kriket ke sabase romaanchak bhagoan mean se ek hai. ek achchha ballebaz vo hai jo achchhe skor bana kar apane viket bacha leta hai. ek utkrisht ballebaz banane ke lie b di teji ke sath sh aauts marana zaruri hota hai.
jo khila di balla chala kar geand ko balle se marate hai unhean ballebaz kaha jata hai aur is kriya ya kala ko ballebazi kaha jata hai.
kriket ke khel mean do prakar ke ballebaz hote haian.
- dayean hath ka ballebaj - jab khila di geand par prahar karate vaqt apane dayean hath ka istemal karata hai to use dayean hath ka ballebaj mana jata hai. dayean hath ke kuchh mahan ballebaz haian-d aaun bre damain (astreliya), sachin teandulakar (bharat), sunil gavaskar (bharat) ityadi.
- bayean hath ka ballebaj - isake viparit jab khila di geand par prahar karate vaqt apane bayean hath ka istemal karata hai to use bayean hath ka ballebaz mana jata hai. bayean hath ke kuchh mahan ballebaz haian- sar gairi sobars (vaistiandij), brayan lara (vaistiandij), elan bordar (astreliya) ityadi.
geandabazi
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
geandabazi karate samay khila di ke kisi n kisi pair ka kuchh n kuchh aang 'b aauliang qriz' ke pichhe aur 'ritarn qriz' ke andar hona chahie. yadi koee geandabaz in niyamoan ka ullaghann karata hai to use ampayar dvara 'no bal' ka ishara mil jata hai aur yadi vah geand ko ooanchaee ya chau daee mean itani door pheankata hai ki ampayar ki drishti mean vah geand ballebaz ki pahuanch se bahar hai to use 'vaid bal' kaha jata hai. [[chitr:Bowling-Cricket.jpg|thumb|150px|geandabazi karata ek geandabaz|left]]kriket mean geandabazi karane ke bhi anek tariqe haian. jaise–
- phast b aauliang (tez geandabazi)
- midiyam pes b aauliang (madhyam gati ki geandabazi)
- slo b aauliang (dhimi geandabazi)
- spin b aauliang (chakkaradar geandabazi)
chainamain
'chainamain' us left arm spinar ko kahate haian, jo uangali ki bajay kalaee ke sahare geand ko spin karata hai, aur usaki mukhy geand 'arthodoks left armar' ke viparit kisi daean hath ke ballebaj ke lie aauf spin hoti hai. yooan samajh lean ki, koee chaeenamain spinar kisi daean hath ke leg spinar ka mirar imej hai. kabhi shen varn, danish kaneriya ya piyoosh chavala ki geandabaji ko aine mean dekh lijie yahi hai chainamain leg spin. vahian left arm arthodoks spin geandabaj apani uangali se geand ko spin karata hai aur usaki mukhy geand vah hoti hai, jo kisi daean hath ke ballebaj ke lie leg brek ho.
kshetrarakshan
kriket ke maidan mean khila diyoan ki sthiti
Position of Players in Cricket Ground |thumb|250px
kriket ke kshetr mean kshetrarakshan (phildiang) ka bhi mahattvapoorn sthan hai. kshetrarakshan karane vale khila di ko sada hi chust kh da rahana p data hai. kshetrarakshan mean slips, gali ya pvaanit, sili mid–aph ya mid–an, skveyar leg, leg slip aur viket kipar ke sthan b de hi mahattvapoorn haian. geandabaz dvara tin lagatar geandoan mean tin viket lene par het trik kaha jata hai. yadi geandabaz dvara chhah geand pheankane par ballebaz ke dvara koee bhi ran n bane to vah 'medan ovar' kahalata hai. jo ballebaz pari samapt hone par bhi khelata rahata hai, use 'nat aut' kahate haian. yadi geand ballebaz ke bait ya usake sharir ko chhue bina chali jae aur ampayar use 'vaid' ya 'no bal' bhi n samajhe to ballebaz jitane ran banaega ve sab 'baee' ran hoange. jo tim pahale khelati hai aur doosari tim se (tin ya isase adhik dinoan ke maich mean) 150 ran adhik bana leti hai, tab vah doosari tim ko doosari pari shuroo karane par majaboor kar sakati hai. yadi donoan timoan ki ran sankhya barabar rahe to us maich ko taee maich kahate haian.
viket ya stanp
tin-tin dandoan ke do samooh, jo maidan mean ek-doosare se 20.12 mitar door pich mean lagae jate haian. ye mukhyatah lak di ke bane hote haian aur jinake oopari sire par lak di ki gilliyaan tiki hoti hai.
aut
ek ballebaz khel mean kee tariqe se aut ho sakata hai. ballebaz ke aut hone ke kuchh tariqe to bahut asan hote haian. viparit tim ka khila di chilla kar kahata hai- 'yah aut hai', lekin akhiri nirnay ampayar ka hota hai aur yadi vah viparit tim ke sadasyoan ki apil se sahamat hota hai to vah apani tarjani aanguli utha kar kahata hai "aut" nahian to vah apana sir hilakar "n aaut aut" ka ishara deta hai. geandabaz, ballebaz ko aut karane ki koshish karata hai aur ballebaz is bat ki koshish karata hai ki geand usaki 'stamp' ya 'paid' par n lage. use is bat ka bhi bhay laga rahata hai ki yadi usane apani geand ko bahut ooancha uchhal diya to vipakshi tim ka koee khila di use kaich kar lega aur vah aut ho jaega.
aut hone ke tarike
| bold aut | jab geand balle se bachakar stamp par ja lagati hai. | 200px |
|---|---|---|
| kaich aut | ballebaj ke dvara sh aaut marane ke bad geand maidan par girane se pahale hi jab vipakshi tim ka koee khila di kaich kar leta hai. | |
| ran aut | jab ballebaj ran banane ke chakkar mean geand viketakipar ya geandabaj ke pas ane se pahale tak apani qriz par nahian pahuanch pata hai. | |
| el. bi. dabalyoo. | (laig biphor viket) viket ke samane pair, jab koee ballebaz geand ko marane ke lie balla uthata hai aur balla geand mean nahian lagata hai ya khila di geand ko pair se rokane ki koshish karata hai. | |
| hit-viket | agar ballebaz geand ko hit karate samay apana hi balla ya pair stamp ko mar deta hai to vah 'hit-viket' tariqe se aut ho jata hai. | |
| stamp aut | yadi ballebaj sh aaut marate samay qriz se bahar ho jata hai aur stamp ke pichhe kh da khila di, jise viketakipar kaha jata hai, geand ko stamp se chhua deta hai to use 'stamp aut' kahakar aut man liya jata hai. | |
| haidald d bal | yadi ballebaz geand ko dobara hit karane ki koshish karata hai ya use kisi or tariqe se rokane ki koshish karata hai to use 'haidald d bal' tariqe se aut man liya jata hai. | |
yadi geand lagane se gilliyaan gir jati haian aur stamp nahian girata to bhi ballebaz ko aut hua mana jata hai. yahaan yah bhi dhyan dene yogy bat hai ki yadi geand stamp se takarane ke bavajood gilliyaan nahian girati haian to ballebaz ko aut nahian diya ja sakata hai.
balla
thumb|200px|kriket ka balla aur geand
Cricket Bat and Ball
balla lak di ka hota hai. jisaki manak lambaee 970 mimi aur chau daee 108 mimi hoti hai. balle ke shirsh par belanakar heandal hota hai. heandal ki chau daee bled se kam hoti hai. heandal ki chau daee balle ki kul lambaee se adhik bhi nahian honi chahie.
geand
- REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy
geand golakar hoti hai aur kathor cham de ki bani hoti hai jisake bich mean lak di ka gola hota hai. test maichoan mean geand ka rang lal aur ekadivasiy maichoan mean safed geand ka prayog hota hai jisaki paridhi ki manak lambaee 230 mimi hoti hai. [[chitr:Cricket-Ball.jpg|thumb|150px|left|kriket geand
Cricket Ball]] geand ka vajan 155.9 aur 163.0 gram ausat ke bich hota hai.
ran
jab koee ballebaz geand ko 'bauandri' tak pahuancha deta hai, to use bina dau de ek sath char ran mil jate haian. aur agar usaki geand maidan ko bina chhue bauandri par kar jae to use ek sath chhah ran mil jate haian. nahian to geand vapas ane tak vah jitani bar donoan stampoan ke bich ka fasala (22 gaj) tay karata hai, utane hi ran us ballebaz ke nam ke age jo d die jate haian. kee bar ballebaz ko bina geand mare bhi ran mil jate haian. yani agar geand ballebaz ke sharir ko chhookar ya viket kipar ko chakama dekar nikal jaean to 'leg baee' aur 'baee' ke ran mil jate haian aur yadi geandabaz galat dhang se geand pheanke aur ampayar 'no bal' ka ya 'vayad bal' ka elan kar de to bhi khelane vali tim ko ek ran mil jata hai. aur haan, 'no bal' par aut hue khila di ko aut hua nahian mana jata hai.
pich
thumb|220px|kriket pich
Cricket Pitch
kriket jis satah par khela jata hai, use pich kahate haian. ICC ke manako ke anusar ek manak kriket pich ki ausat lambaee 20 mitar aur chau daee 3 mitar hoti hai. in viketoan ke bich ki lambaee aur chau daee ke antar ko hi pich kahate haian. pich ek samatal satah hoti hai, is par bahut hi kam ghas hoti hai. pich ki halat maich aur tim ki rananiti par prabhav dalati hai. pich ki vartaman aur pratyashit sthiti tim ki rananiti ko nirdharit karati hai.
ampayar
kriket ke maich ke dauran aut karane ka adhikar isi mahattvapoorn vyakti par hota hai. khel do ampayaroan ke dvara sanchalit aur niyantrit kiya jata hai. jiname se ek pich par hota hai jise pratham ampayar kahate haian aur doosara ballebaz ki aaun said par 10-12 mitar ki doori par hota hai jise dvitiy ampayar ya leg aanpayar bhi kahate haian.thumb|200px|left|ampayar
Umpire yadi kisi sthiti mean donoan ampayar nirnay karane mean asamarth hote hai to nirnay dene ke lie tisare ampayar (thard aanpayar) ko kaha jata hai jo telivizan aur kaimare ki sahayata se nirnay leta hai. kriket mean ampayar ka nirnay sarvamany hota hai.
skorar
skor bord parichalak ko skorar kahate haian. kriket ke khel mean do skor bord parichalak hote hai jo skor bord ko niyantrit aur parichalit karate haian. skor bord par mukhy aank de dikhae jate haian jaise- ran, ovar, viket, atirikt ran, adi dikhae jate haian.
bharat mean kriket
pratham spashtat: darj kiya gaya kriket maich 16vian shatabdi ke aant mean ianglaiand mean sare ke gilaphard mean khela gaya tha. pahali niyamavali 1744 mean likhi gee thi. bharat mean kriket utana hi lokapriy khel hai, jitana amerika mean basketabal aur brajil mean phutabal. kriket ke sitare bahut paisa pate haian, inaki bahut chakachauandh hoti hai v ye rashtriy pratiman ban jate haian. hal ke varshoan mean sachin teandulakar jaise kriket khila di kuchh pramukh filmi sitaroan jitane lokapriy haian. aantarrashtriy kriket mean bharat ka pradarshan lagatar sudhara hai, jisaka utkrisht biandu 1983 ke vishv kap mean shanadar vijay hai. samriddh rashtriy paridrishy par ranaji traphi prativarsh kheli jane vali ek pratishthapoorn aantarrajyiy sparddha hai. uchch kshetriy star par prativarsh dilip traphi ka ayojan kiya jata hai aur satr ka aant eerani traphi muqabale se hota hai. jisamean ranaji traphi ke vijetaoan ko shesh bharat ekadash (rest aph iandiya XI) ke viruddh khelana hota hai.
aranbhik daur
bharat mean kriket ka khel 18vian shatabdi ke aranbhik british prabhav ke dinoan se maujood hai. jab sena ne is khel ko lokapriy banane mean madad ki. sarvapratham darj kiya gaya muqabala 1721 mean hua. 1792 mean vishv ka doosara sabase purana kriket klab, kalakatta kriket klab, eedan gardans kriket stediyam mean sthapit hua. phir parasi samuday ne pratham deshi bharatiy kriket klab 'orieant' 1848 mean sthapit kiya. rochak bat yah hai ki bharat mean kriket tim dharmik adharoan par banaee jati thi aur 1907 mean kheli gee pratham pratiyogita mean tin timean thian, hindoo, parasi v musalaman, parasi tim ne 1877 mean yooropiy logoan ko haraya aur 1866 mean ianglaiand jane par vah videshi daure par jane vali pratham bharatiy tim bani. 1899 mean ek british tim bharat aee. isake bad 1926 mean bharat ko test darja milane ke poorv kuchh bharatiyoan ka chayan ianglaiand ka pratinidhitv karane ke lie hua. ke0 es0 ranajit sianh ji, pataudi ke navab aur ke0 es0 dalip sianh ji ne ianglaiand ke lie test kriket khela. ranajit sianh ji ne 1896 mean astreliya ke viruddh old traiphard mean nabad 154 ran banae aur vijdan kriketars almanek dvara sammanit kie jane vale pratham bharatiy kriketar bane. lala amaranath test mean shatak banane vale pahale bharatiy bane. jab unhoanne bhramanakari aangrez dal ke viruddh 1933 mean banbee (vartaman muanbee) mean 118 ran banae. 1934-35 mean bharat mean ek poorn ghareloo sparddha aranbh huee. ise ranajit sianh ji ke nam par ranaji traphi kaha gaya. 1951-52 mean madras (vartaman chennee) mean bharat ne ianglaiand ko ek pari aur ath ranoan se harakar apani pahali test vijay darj ki aur ianglaiand ke hi viruddh bharat ne 1961-62 mean apani pahali shrriankhala jiti. isi satr mean dalip sianh ji ke nam par ek kshetriy traphi sthapit huee.
praranbhik vijay
1952 mean ianglaiand ke viruddh usi varsh ki jit ke pashchat, bharat ne pakistan ko paanch muqabaloan ki shrriankhala mean 2-1 se harakar test shrriankhala mean apani pahali vijay darj ki. is shrriankhala mean aur isake pashchat nyoojilaiand ke viruddh shrriankhala ki vijay mean vinoo maankad, p aauli umarigar aur vijay hazare nirnayak sabit hue. kiantu un jaise vishisht khila diyoan aur any jaise, si. ke. nayadoo, vijay marcheant, mushtak ali v muhammad nisar ki maujoodagi ke bavajood test muqabaloan mean bharat ka pradarshan lanbe samay tak aprabhavi raha. aantat:1970 mean desh ka dal aantarrashtriy kriket mean ek prabhavi shakti ke roop mean ubhara.[[chitr:Eden-Gardens-Kolkata.jpg|thumb|250px|eeden gardan, kolakata]]
1971 mean sunil gavaskar aur 1979 mean kapil dev ke uday ke sath hi bharat ne vishv ke pramukh daloan ko chunauti dena aranbh kar diya. vishv kirtimanoan ko to dane vale ye donoan khila di lagabhag do dashak tak bharat ke bhagy ke nirnayak rahe. sunil gavaskar ne vest iandij ke viruddh 1970-71 mean padarpan kiya aur shrriankhala mean 700 ranoan se bhi adhik ke yog se jaldi hi charchit ho ge. unhoanne bharat ke lie 125 test maich khele aur 34 shatak banae. yah kirtiman 18 varshoan se akshunn raha hai. bharatiy tim ne apana pahala ek divasiy aantarrashtriy muqabala (odiaee) 1974 mean khela aur 1983 mean vishv kap jita. 1983 ka vishv kap jitane vale dal ke kaptan, kapil dev, ne varshoan tak bharat ki geandabazi ko akele sanbhala v 434 test viketoan ka vishv kirtiman banaya, jise 2001 mean kartani v aaulsh ne to da.
1970 ke dashak ke madhy se bharat ko vishv ke kriket khelane vale pramukh deshoan mean mana jata hai. 20vian shatabdi ke aant mean usake nam kee kirtiman v upalabdhiyaan darj thian. mansoor ali khaan pataudi ne 1962 mean keval 21 varsh ki ayu mean vest iandij ke viruddh dal ka netritv kiya tha. is tarah, ek test khelane vale rashtr ke roop mean bharat ne sabase kam umr ka test kaptan dene ki pratishtha prapt ki hai. bharat ke sitara opaniang ballebaj sunil gavaskar, 100 ranoan se adhik ki 34 pariyoan ke sath 10,000 ran banane vale vishv ke pahale ballebaj ban ge. 21vian sadi ke uday ke samay kapil dev nikhanj ne sabhi ko pichhe chho d diya, jab 434 viket lekar vah vishv mean sabase adhik viket lene vale khila di ban ge. muhammad azaharuddin, apane kirtiman sankhya mean khele ek divasiy muqabaloan (323) aur ek divasiy muqabaloan ke ranoan (9111) ke sath apane pahale tinoan test muqabaloan mean shatak banane vale ekamatr khila di rahe. sachin teandulakar, jo vishv ke sarvashreshth ballebajoan mean se ek mane jate haian, ke nam ek divasiy muqabaloan ke sarvadhik shatakoan (46) ka kirtiman haian.
1983 vishv kap
[[chitr:Cricket-World-Cup-1983.jpg|thumb|250px|kapil dev, vishv kap ke sath]] ek aisi sparddha mean, jisamean vest iandij ki tim sabase prabal davedar thi, kapil dev ke netritv mean bharat ne vishv kap jitakar sabako ashcharyachakit kar diya. vichitr bat yah thi ki navagat jianbabve ne bharat ke semiphainal mean pahuanchane ki ummidoan ko lig muqabaloan mean se ek mean lagabhag dhoomil kar diya tha. jianbabve ne astreliya ko hara diya tha aur bharat ko harane ke kagar par tha. pahale ballebazi karate hue 17 ranoan par 5 viket ke skor par l dakh dati bharatiy tim ko kapil dev ne bachaya. unhoanne ek divasiy kriket ki sarvakalik mahanatam pariyoan mean se ek kheli aur nabad 175 ranoan ka unaka yog us sparddha mean uchchatam yog raha. bharat jita, kiantu phir bhi tim se adhik apekshaean nahian thian. semiphainal mean shaktishali ianglaiand ke viruddh khelate hue bharat ne ek vishvasaniy jit hasil ki. nishchit hi aantim muqabala bharat ki sarvakalik sarvashreshth vijay thi. yadyapi tim ne khasi kharab ballebazi ki v keval 183 ran banae, lekin bharatiyoan ka kshetrarakshan v geandabazi behatarin thi. klaiv l aauyad us khataranak vest iandij tim ka netritv kar rahe the. jisamean viviyan richadars, g aaurdan grinij, desamand heans, mailkam marshal, maikel holdiang, jephri dooj aaun, joel garnar aur eandi r aaubatars shamil the, mohiandar amaranath, krishnaamachari shrikaant, madanalal aur r aaujar binni ke haraphanamaula yogadan se bharat ne ek aisi tim ko haraya, jise sarvashreshth tez geandabajoan ki chauk di v vishv ke sarvashreshth ballebazi kram ka gaurav hasil tha. vishv kap vijay v usake bad 1983 bharat ka gauravapoorn varsh tha. us samay se bharatiy kriket tim adhik shaktishali hoti gee haian. 1970 v 80 ke dashak ke aranbh mean guandappa vishvanath, dilip veangasarakar, sandip patil aur 1980 v 90 ke dashak mean muhammad azaharuddin, ravi shastri, anil kuanbale aur manoj prabhakar jaise dridhanishchayi khila diyoan ke utkrisht pradarshanoan se bharat ki tim kafi santulit dhang se badhati rahi.
samachar
thumb|250px|vishvakap tr aauphi ke sath netrahin bharatiy kriket tim
- 13 disambar, 2012, guruvar
netrahin tveanti-20 vishvakap bharat ne jita
beangaluroo ke seantral k aaulej grauand par 13 disambar, 2012 guruvar ko khele ge netrahin tveanti-20 vishvakap ke fainal mukabale mean bharatiy kriket tim ne pakistan ko 30 ranoan se harakar vishv vijeta ka khitab apane nam kar liya. bharatiy tim ne pahale ballebaji karate hue nirdharit 20 ovar mean ath viket par 258 ran banae the. lakshy ka pichha karane utari pakistani tim nirdharit ovaroan mean ath viket par 229 ran hi bana saki. is tarah se bharat ne 29 ranoan se jit hasil kar kap par kabja kar liya. bharat ki or se ketan bhaee patel ne shanadar 98 ranoan ki pari kheli, vahian prakash jayaramaiyya 42 aur upakaptan ajay kumar reddi ne 25 ranoan ka mahatvapoorn yogadan diya. pakistan ki or se mohammad jamil ne 47 ranoan ki tejatarrar pari kheli. unake alava ali murtaja 38 aur mohammad akaram ne 32 ranoan ka yogadan diya. semifainal mukabaloan mean bharat ne shrilanka ko aur pakistan ne ianglaiand ko hara kar phainal mean pravesh kiya tha.
- samachar ko vibhinn srotoan par padhean
bharat 28 sal bad phir kriket ka badashah
thumb| vishv kap (2011) jitane ke bad ki kuchh jhalakiyaan|300px
- shanivar, 2 aprॅl, 2011
kriket itihas mean akhirakar bharat ne vah itihas phir se rach diya, jisaka iantazar desh ko 28 sal se tha. dhoni ke dhurandharoan ne muanbee ke vanakhe de stediyam mean shrilanka ko harakar aeesisi vishvakap, 2011 ki tr aauphi apane nam kar li. bharat apani dharati par vishvakap jitane vala pahala desh ban gaya hai. ye tim iandiya ka doosara vishvakap hai. dhoni ke dhurandharoan ne 28 sal bad vo kar dikhaya jo 1983 mean kapil dev ke netritv mean tim ne ianglaiand mean kiya tha. kaptan mahendr sianh dhoni ne shanadar pari khelate hue nabad 91 ran banae. maich ke 48.2 ovar mean dhoni ne chhakka jamakar bharat ko aitihasik jit dilaee.
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sanbandhit lekh