गन्ना

thumb|250px|ganne ganna desh ki ek pramukh vanijyik fasal hai aur lagabhag 4.36 miliyan hekteyar kshetr mean isaki kheti ki jati hai. ganne ka varshik utpadan 281.6 miliyan tan hai (2002-03). ganne ki kheti kul krishi kshetr ke lagabhag 3.0% bhag mean ki jati hai. yah pramukh nakadi fasaloan mean se ek hai, jisaka desh mean krishi utpadan ka sakal mooly lagabhag 7.5% hai. lagabhag 50 miliyan kisan apani jivika ke lie ganne ki kheti par nirbhar haian aur itane hi khetihar majadoor haian, jo ganne ke khetoan mean kam karake apani jivika kamate haian.

desh mean rnimit sabhi mukhy mithakarakoan ke lie ganna ek mukhy kachcha mal hai. isaka upayog do pramukh kutir udyogoan namatah gu d tatha khandasari udyogoan mean bhi kiya jata hai. in donoan udyogoan se lagabhag 10 miliyan tan mithakarakoan (gu d aur khandasari) ka utpadan hota hai jisase desh mean hue ganne ke utpadan ka lagabhag 28-35% ganne ka upayog hota hai.

ganne ki upalabdhata

• bharat mean ganne ki kheti ka mukhy bhag ardh-ushnakatibandhiy bhag hai. is kshetr mean uttar pradesh, uttaraanchal, bihar, panjab, hariyana mukhy ganna utpadak rajy haian. madhy pradesh, pashchim bangal, rajasthan aur asam ke bhi kuchh kshetroan mean ganna paida kiya jata hai, lekin in rajyoan mean utpadakata bahut hi kam hai.
• ganne ki kheti vyapak rup se ushnakatibandhiy kshetr mean ki jati hai, jisamean maharashtr, aandhr pradesh, tamilanadu aur gujarat rajy shamil haian. chooanki ganne, jo ek ushnakatibandhiy fasal hai, ke lie in rajyoan mean anukoolatam krishi jalavayu sthiti hai. ardh-ooshn-katibandhiy kshetroan ki tulana mean ooshnakatibandhiy kshetr mean paidavar apekshakrit adhik hai.

ganne ka upayog

bharat mean 300 miliyan tan ke ganne utpadan ki lagabhag 35% matra gu d aur khandasari ke vinirman aur choosane ke prayojan ke lie upayog ki jati hai. gu d aur khandasari ka vinirman karnatak, tamilanadu aur uttar pradesh mean mukhy rup se kiya jata hai par kafi adhik matra mean gu d aur khandasari aandhr pradesh, hariyana aur panjab mean bhi taiyar kiya jata hai. 1996-2002 ki avadhi ke dauran in rajyoan mean ganne se chini, gu d aur khandasari ke utpadan ke lie upayog mean lae jane vali ganne ki matra ka byaura talika 3.2 mean diya gaya hai.

kam utpadakata ke mukhy karan

• hal hi mean ganne ki kheti ke adhin kshetr aur usaki paidavar mean kafi kami huee hai jisaka mukhy karan lagabhag poore ushnakatibandhiy aur up-ushnakatibandhiy kshetroan mean p da sookha hai. hal mean sookhe, ganne ke mooly ka vilamb se bhugatan aur kam chini moolyoan ke asar se ganna utpadan mean kami aee hai aur kuchh chini milean band huee haian.
• ganne par vooli ephid nam ke ek ne kit ke grasan ki ghatana agast, 2002 mean belagam zile mean samane aee aur bhadra nahar kshetroan aur dakshini karnatak ke kaveri ghati mean bhi dhire-dhire isaki pahuanch ho gee. isake prabhav aur phailane ki badhati dar aur tivrata ne kaveri ghati mean ganna kisanoan ke bich khauph paida kar diya hai jinhoanne pahale se hi pichhale varshoan ke dauran sookhe ke karan bhari nuqasan uthaya tha.

jal sanrakshan

thumb|250px|ganne

• desh mean kul sianchit kshetr mean se lagabhag 58% nalakoopoan evan any kuoan dvara, 32% naharoan dvara, 5% talaboan dvara tatha shesh 5% any srotoan dvara sianchit hai. jal sanrakshan ke lie, ganne ke adhin kuean se sabhi sianchit kshetr ko draps (drip) sianchaee ke adhin lane ki avashyakata hai. draps sianchaee se utpadan mean vriddhi karane tatha urvarakoan evan any poshak tatvoan ke anukoolatam upayog mean madad milegi.
• paristhiti ki mean kit ke bare mean paryapt janakari ki kami tatha praudyogikiyoan mean is sthiti se nipatane ke lie taiyari ke bare mean janakari ki kami prabhavi prabandhan karyoan ka sujhav dene mean pramukh chianta ka vishay rahi hai. adhikaanshatah ushnakatibandhiy eshiyaee kshetr mean, thande evan meghachchhit mausam (19-35 digri selsiyas) ke sath-sath uchch sapeksh ardrata (85%) mean jantubadha teji se hoti hai. atah kit ki jaiv paristhitikiy ko dhyan mean rakhate hue isake prasar evan bure prabhav ko kam karane ke lie kuchh krishi vaijnanik paddhatiyoan ka vikas kiya jana avashyak hai. vasantadada shugar ianstitayoot ne prakritik pratirodhakoan yatha trichagrama, kraisopera, inakarsiya, aiso-tomiya, dayapha adi ka vikas karana tatha muhaiya karakar rogoan par niyantran rakhane ke lie apani seva di haian.

vaikalpik upayog

• nirvat patr chini phaiktriyaan keval plaanteshan vhait shugar ka hi utpadan karane ke lie badhy haian. samiti ke samaksh prastut kie ge kuchh abhyavedanoan mean yah sujhav diya gaya ki is pratibandh ko hataya ja sakata hai tatha chini phaiktriyoan ko unaki ichchhanusar gu d tatha khandasari jaise any mithakarakoan ke utpadan ki chhoot di ja sakati hai.
• samiti ne chini miloan ko chini ke alava any mithakarakoan ke vinirman, yadi avashyak hoan, ke lie anumati dene ke vichar par bhi charcha ki. samiti ne not kiya ki vhait shugar ke alava any utpadoan ke vinirman ke lie ganne ke upayog ki vanijyik tatha vaidhanik rup se jaanch ki jani chahie.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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