पर्यावरण

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is lekh ka punarikshan evan sampadan hona avashyak hai. ap isamean sahayata kar sakate haian. "sujhav"

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paryavaran (aangreji: Envoirment) bhautik vatavaran ka dyotak hai. paryavaran 'Envoirment' ka hindi roopantaran haian, jo phreanch shabd 'Invoiren' se bana hai. 'Invoirn' ka arth haian - asapas ka avaran.

hindi shabd paryavaran ka ‘pari’ tatha ‘avaran’ shabdoan ka yugm hai. ‘pari’ ka arth haian - ‘charoan taraph’ tatha ‘avaran’ ka arth haian - ‘ghera’ arthath prakriti mean jo bhi charoan or parilakshit hai yatha- vayu, jal, mrida, pe d-paudhe tatha prani adi sabhi paryavaran ke aang haian. aksaphord edavansd larnars dikshanari aph kareant ianglish ke anusar inavayarameant ka arth hai - asapas ki vastu sthiti, paristhitiyaan athava prabhav. chembars tvaintieth senyachuri dikshanari mean inavayarameant arthath paryavaran ka arth vikas ya vriddhi ko prabhavit karane vali paristhitiyoan se hai. desh ke paryavaran (sanrakshan) adhiniyam, 1986 ki dhara 2 (k) ke anusar paryavaran mean vayu, jal, bhoomi, manaviy prani, any jiv-jantu, paudhe, sookshm jivanu aur unake madhy vidyaman antarsambandh sammilit haian.

sabhi bhoogolavidoan ka sandarbh vishay mukhy roop se manushy ka paryavaran raha hai. aisa isalie hai kyoanki manushy ka any jiv-jantuoan tatha padap jivan se alag astitv kisi bhi paristhit mean sambhav nahian hai. park ne un dashaoan ke yog ko paryavaran mana hai, jo nishchit samay mean nishchat sthan par manushy ko avrit karati haian. harsakovits un sabhi bahari dashaoan aur prabhavoan ke yog ko paryavaran manate haian jo prani ke jivan aur vikas ko prabhavit karate haian. paryavaran ki samata prakriti se ki gayi haian. prakriti mean paye jane vale nirjiv bhautik ghatakoan - vayu, jal, mrida adi tatha jaivik ghatakoan - pe d-paudhe, jiv-jantu, sookshm jivanu adi ke adhar par paryavaran ko mukhyatah bhautik evan jaivik paryavaran mean vibhajit kiya gaya hai. e. gauji ne apani pustak ‘The Nature of Invoirment’ mean prithvi ke bhautik ghatakoan ko hi paryavaran ka pratinidhi mana hai. unake anusar paryavaran ko prabhavit ghatakoan ko hi paryavaran ka pratinidhi mana hai. unake anusar paryavaran ko prabhavit karane mean manushy ek mahattvapoorn karak hai. maikaivar ke anusar prithvi ka dharatal aur usaki samast prakritik dashaean, prakritik sansadhan, bhoomi, jal, parvat, maidan padarth, paudhe, pashu tatha sampoorn prakritik shaktiyaan, jo prithvi par vidyaman hokar manav jivan ko prabhavit karati haian, bhaugolik paryavaran ke antargat ati hai. dhyatavy haian ki bhautik paryavaran tatha jaivik paryavaran ek doosare ko prabhavit karate hai. tatpary yah hai ki bhautik paryavaran badalane se jaivik paryavaran bhi badal jata hai.

paryavaran ke prakar

bhautik ghatakoan ki tin avasthaoan thos, drav tatha gais ke adhar par bhautik paryavaran ki tin shreniyaan hai

1. sthalamandaliy paryavaran
2. jalamandaliy paryavaran
3. vayumandaliy paryavaran

isi prakar jaivik ghatakoan ki do kotiyoan-vanaspati evan jantu ke adhar par jaivik paryavaran ki do shreniyoan haian

1. vanaspatik paryavaran
2. jantu paryavaran

vibhinn jivadhariyoan dvariyoan samajik samooh evan sangathan ki rachana karane ke karan samajik paryavaran ka nirman hota hai, jisake antargat pratyek jivadhari ko apane jivan-nivarh, astitv evan sanbarddhan ke lie bhautik paryavaran se padartho ko prapt karana p data hai, phalasvaroop arthik paryavaran ka nirman hota hai. isi prakar manav dvara saanskritik evan rajanitik paryavaran ka nirman hota hai.

paryavaran ki gatishilata

paryavaran ki prakriti gatishil hai. bhautik tatha jaivik paryavaran ke tatvoan mean sadaiv kuchh n kuchh parivartan hota rahata hai. sthalakritiyoan ke svaroop mean bhi kabhi achanak to kabhi dhire-dhire parivartan hote haian. ye samast parivartan soory ki oorja ke karan hote haian. dhyatavy hai ki soory, prithvi aur usake vayumandal ko saman roop se garm nahian karata he jisaki vajah se vayu aur jal ka parisancharan hota hai, parinamasvaroop vibhinn rrituoan ki jalavayu ki dashaoan mean parivartan ho jata hai. bhautik paryavaran mean bahut b de parivartan bhi hue haian, jisaki vajah se pe d-paudhoan aur jiv-jantuoan ki kuchh jatiyaan vilupt ho gayian tatha naye bhautik paryavaran ke anuroop pe d-paudhoan aur jiv-jantuoan ki nee jatiyoan ka vikas hua. aj se qarib sadhe chhah karo d varsh poorv pe d-paudhoan aur jiv-jantuoan ki anek jatiyaan bahut b di sankhya mean vilupt ho gayi. manushy ka vikas bhi lagabhag das lakh varsh poorv paryavaran mean aye parivartan ke karan hi hua tha.

paryavaran ke karak

jis paryavaran mean jiv rahate haian, vah paryavaran karakoan ke paraspirak sambandhoan ka ek jatil sammiran hai. chooanki paryavaran ka prabhav jivadhariyoan par p data hai, isalie isake karakoan ka adhyayan avashyak hai. paryavaran ka pratyek bhag jo pratyaksh ya paroksh roop se jivan ko prabhavit karata hai, paryavaraniy karak kahalata hai. paryavaraniy karak mukhyatah do prakar ke hote haian.

1. paristhitik karak
2. ajaivik karak

paristhitik karakoan ko jaivik karak, vayumandaliy karak tatha agri karak mean vibhajit kiya gaya hai. jaivik karakoan ke antargat praniyoan ke jaivik sambandh, paudhoan ke jaivik sambandh, praniyoan ka paudhoan par prabhav evan manav ka yogadan ate haian, jabaki ajaivik karakoan ko bhautik evan rasayanik karakoan mean vibhajit kiya gaya hai. bhautik karakoan ke anrtagat tap karak evan prakash karak ate haian. rasayanik karakoan mean jal karak evan mrida karak sammilit haian.

• paryavaran ke do bhag hote haian

1. bhautik paryavaran (ajaivik paryavaran)
2. jaivik paryavaran

• bhautik paryavaran ke tin bhag haian

1. sthalamandaliy paryavaran
2. jalamandaliy paryavaran
3. vayumandaliy paryavaran

• jaivik paryavaran ke do bhag haian

1. vanaspati paryavaran
2. jantu paryavaran

• vanaspati paryavaran ke char bhag haian

1. samajik paryavaran
2. saanskritik paryavaran
3. arthik paryavaran
4. rajanitik paryavaran

bhautik sanghatak

paryavaran ke tin bhautik sanghatak haian-

1. ajaivik ya bhautik sanghatak
2. jaivik sanghatak
3. oorja sanghatak

paryavaran sammelan

paryavaran ke sambandh mean vishv star par sampann pramukh sammelan nimnavath haian -

1. paryavaran pradooshan par antarrashtriy sammelan
2. manav paryavaran st aaukahom sammelan, 1972.
3. nairobi sammelan (nairobi ghoshana), 1982.
4. ojon parat sanrakshan viyana abhisamay, 1985.
5. ojon parat sanrakshan viyana abhisamay, 1985 dvitiy.
6. sanyukt rashtr paryavaran tatha vikas sammelan (prithvi sammelan), 1989.
7. dvitiy sanyukt rashtr manav sammelan (haibitet dvitiy), 1996.
8. kyoto sammelan, 1997.
9. prithvi sammelan dvitiy, 2002.
10. sanyukt rashtr jalavayu parivartan sammelan, 2007.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh