बाजीराव प्रथम

bajirav pratham maratha rajy ka doosara peshava (1720-40 ee0), jisaki niyukti usake pita balaji vishvanath ke uttaradhikari ke roop mean raja sahoo ne ki thi. sahoo ne raj-kaj se apane ko qarib-qarib alag kar liya tha aur maratha rajy ke prashasan ka poora kam peshava bajirav pratham dekhata tha.

yogy senapati aur rajanayak

vah mahan rajanayak aur yogy senapati tha. usane apani dooradrishti se dekh liya tha ki mugal samrajy chhinn-bhinn hone ja raha hai aur usane maharashtr kshetr se bahar ke hindoo rajaoan ki sahayata se mugal samrajy ke sthan par hindoopad-padashahi sthapit karane ki yojana banaee thi. isi uddeshy se usane maratha senaoan ko uttar bharat bheja, jisase patanonmukh mugal samrajy ki j d par antim prahar kiya ja sake. usane 1723 ee0 mean malava par akraman kiya aur 1724 ee0 mean sthaniy hinduoan ki sahayata se gujarat jit liya.

sahasi evan kalpanashil

bajirav pratham ek yogy sainik hi nahian, balki viveki rajanitijn bhi tha. usane anubhav kiya ki mugal samrajy ka ant nikat hai tatha hindoo nayakoan ki sahanubhooti prapt kar is paristhiti ka marathoan ki shakti badhane mean achchhi tarah se upayog kiya ja sakata hai. sahasi evan kalpanashil hone ke karan usane nishchit roop se maratha samrajyavad ki niti banaee, jise pratham peshava ne arambh kiya tha. usane shahi shakti ke kendr par aghat karane ke uddeshy se narmada ke par phailav ki niti ka shriganesh kiya. at: usane apane svami sahoo se prastav kiya-hamean murjhate hue vriksh ke dh d par chot karani chahie. shakhaean apane ap hi gir jayeangi. is prakar marathoan ka jhanda krishnaa se sindhu tak phaharana chahie. bajirav ke bahut se sathiyoan ne usaki is niti ka samarthan nahian kiya. unhoanne use samajhaya ki uttar mean vijay arambh karane ke pahale dakshin mean maratha shakti ko dridh karana uchit hai. parantu usane vakh shakti evan utsah se apane svami ko uttari vistar ki apani yogyata ki svikriti ke lie razi kar liya.

hindoopad-padashahi

hindoo nayakoan ki sahanubhooti jagane tatha unaka samarthan prapt karane ke lie bajirav ne hindoopad-padashahi ke adarsh ka prachar kiya. jab usane disambar, 1723 ee. mean malava par akraman kiya, tab sthaniy hindoo zamiandaroan ne usaki b di sahayata ki, yadyapi isake lie unhean apar dhan-jan ka balidan karana p da. gujarat mean grih-yuddh se labh uthakar marathoan ne us samriddh prant mean apana adhikar sthapit kar liya. parantu isake mamaloan mean bajirav pratham ke hastakshep ka ek pratidvandvi maratha dal ne, jisaka neta pushtaini 'senapati' tryambakarav dabha de tha, ghor virodh kiya.

bajirav ki saphalata

shivaji ke vansh ke kolhapur shakha ke raja shambhooji dvitiy tatha nizamulamulk, jo bajirav pratham ki saphalataoan se jalate the, tryambakarav dabha de se ja mile. parantu bajirav pratham ne apani uchchatar pratibha ke bal par apane shatruoan ki yojanaoan ko viphal kar diya. 1 aprail, 1731 ee. ko dhavoee ke nikat bilhapur ke maidan mean, jo b dauda tatha us nagar (dhavoee) ke bich mean hai, ek l daee huee. isamean l daee mean tryambakarav dabha de parast hokar mara gaya. bajirav pratham ki yah vijay peshavaoan ke itihas mean ek yugantakari ghatana hai. 1731 mean nizam ke sath ki gayi ek sandhi ke dvara peshava ko uttar bharat mean apani shakti ka prasar karane ki chhoot mil gayi. bajirav pratham ka ab maharashtr mean koee bhi pratidvandvi nahian rah gaya tha aur raja sahoo ka usake oopar keval nam matr niyantran tha.

peshava ka pad

is paristhiti mean bajirav pratham ne peshava pad ko paitrik uttaradhikariyoan ke roop mean apane parivar ke lie surakshit kar diya aur uttar bharat mean maratha shakti ke prasar ki apani yojanaoan ko phir se age badhaya.

nizamulamulk ki parajay

bajirav pratham ne saubhagyavash amer ke savaee jayasianh dvitiy tatha chhatrasal bundela ki mitrata prapt kar li. 1737 ee. mean vah sena lekar dilli ke parshv tak gaya, parantu badashah ki bhavanaoan par chot pahuanchane se bachane ke lie usane andar pravesh nahian kiya. is maratha sankat se mukt hone ke lie badashah ne bajirav pratham ke ghor shatru nizamulamulk ko sahayata ke lie dilli bula bheja. nizamulamulk ko 1731 ee. ke samajhaute ki apeksha karane mean koee hichakichahat mahasoos nahian huee. usane badashah ke bulave ka shighr hi uttar diya, kyoanki ise usane bajirav ki badhati huee shakti ke rokane ka anukool avasar samajha. bhopal ke nikat donoan pratidvandviyoan ki muthabhe d huee. nizamulamulk parajit hua tatha use vivash hokar sandhi karani p di. isake sandhi ke anusar usane in batoan ki pratijna ki-*bajirav ko sampoorn malava dena tatha narmada evan chambal nadi ke bich ke pradesh par poorn prabhuta pradan karana; *badashah se is samarpan ke lie svikriti prapt karana; *peshava ka kharch chalane ke lie pachas lakh rupayoan ki adayagi prapt karane ke lie pratyek prayatn ko kam mean lana.

akal mrityu

in prabandhoan ke badashah dvara svikrit hone ka parinam yah hua ki marathoan ki prabhuta, jo pahale theth hindustan ke ek bhag mean vastut: sthapit ho chuki thi, ab qanoonan bhi ho gee. pashchimi samudr tat par marathoan ne purttagijoan se 1739 ee. mean sashti tatha basee chhin li. parantu shighr hi bajirav pratham, nadirashah ke akraman se kuchh chintit ho gaya. apane musalaman p dosiyoan ke prati apane sabhi matabhedoan ko bhoolakar peshava ne parasi akramanakari ko sanyukt morcha dene ka prayatn kiya. parantu isake pahale ki kuchh kiya ja sakata, aprail, 1740 ee. mean 42 varsh ki ayu mean bajirav pratham ki akal hi mrityu ho gee. is prakar ek mahan maratha rajanitijn chal basa, jisane apane vyaktigat charitr mean kuchh dhabboan ke bavajood maratha rajy ki seva karane ki bharasak cheshta ki.

maratha mandal ki sthapana

bajirav pratham ko anek maratha saradaroan ke virodh ka samana karana p d raha tha. vishesharoop se un saradaroan ka jo kshatriy the aur brahman peshava ki shakti badhane se eershya karate the. bajirav pratham ne pushtaini maratha saradaroan ki shakti kam karane ke lie apane samarthakoan mean se naye saradar niyukt kiye aur unhean marathoan dvara vijit naye kshetroan ka shasak niyukt kiya. is prakar maratha mandal ki sthapana huee, jisamean gvaliyar ke shinde, b dauanda ke gayakava d, indaur ke holkar aur nagapur ke bhoansala shasak shamil the. in sabake adhikar mean kafi vistrit kshetr tha. in logoan ne bajirav pratham ka samarthan kar maratha shakti ke prasar mean bahut sahayog diya. lekin inake dvara jis samantavadi vyavastha ka bijaropan hua, usake phalasvaroop ant mean marathoan ki shakti chhinn-bhinn ho gayi. yadi bajirav pratham kuchh samay aur jivit rahata to sambhav tha ki vah ise rokane ke lie kuchh upay karata. usako bahut achchhi tarah maratha samrajy ka dvitiy sansthapak mana ja sakata hai.

maratha shakti ka vibhajan

yadyapi bajirav pratham ne bahut aanshoan mean marathoan ki shakti aur pratishtha ko badha diya, parantu jis rajy par usane apane svami ke nam se shasan kiya, usamean thosapan ka bahut abhav tha. isake andar rajaram ke samay mean jagir pratha ke pun: chaloo ho jane se kuchh ardh-svatantr maratha rajy paida ho ge. isaka svabhavik parinam hua. maratha kendriy sarakar ka durbal hona tatha ant mean isaka toot p dana. aise rajyoan mean ek bahut purana aur atyant mahatvapoorn tha, barar. yah us samay raghuji bhoansale ke adhin tha, jisaka sahoo ke sath mean vaivahik sambandh tha. usaka parivar peshava ke parivar se purana tha, kyoanki yah rajaram ke shasanakal mean hi prasiddh ho chuka tha. dabha de parivar ne moolaroop se gujarat par adhikar kar rakha tha, parantu pushtaini senapati ke patan ke bad usake pahale ke purane adhin rahane vale gayakava doan ne b dauda mean apana adhikar sthapit kar liya. gvaliyar ke siandhiya vansh ke sansthapak ranoji siandhiya ne bajirab pratham ke adhin gaurav ke sath seva ki tatha malava ke maratha rajy mean milaye jane ke bad is prant ka ek bhag usake hisse mean p da. indaur parivar ke malhararav v holkar ne bhi bajirav pratham ke adhin vishisht roop se seva ki tatha malava ka ek bhag prapt kiya. malava mean ek chhoti jagir pavaroan ko mili, jinhoanne dhar mean apani rajadhani banaee.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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