मोहिनीअट्टम
mohiniattam keral ki mahilaoan dvara kiya jane vala ardh shastriy nrity hai jo kathakali se adhik purana mana jata hai. sahityik roop se nrithy ke bich mukhhy mana jane vala jaduee mohiniatatm keral ke mandiroan mean pramukhat: kiya jata tha. yah devadasi nrithy virasat ka uttaradhikari bhi mana jata hai jaise ki bharatanatyam, kuchi pudi aur odisi. is shabhd mohini ka arth hai ek aisi mahila jo dekhane valoan ka man moh lean ya unamean ichhchha uthpanhn karean. yah bhagavan vishnu ki ek jani mani kahani hai ki jab unhhoanne dughdh sagar ke manthan ke dauran logoan ko akarshit karane ke lie mohini ka roop dharan kiya tha aur bhamasur ke vinash ki kahani isake sath ju di huee hai. at: yah socha gaya hai ki vaishhnav bhaktoan ne is nrithy roop ko mohiniatatm ka nam diya.
itihas
mohiniatatm ka pratham sandarbh majamangalam narayan nabhboodiri dvara sankalpit vhyavahar mala mean paya jata hai jo 16vian shatabhdi e di mean racha gaya. 19vian shatabhdi mean shvati tirunal, poorv travan kor ke raja the, jinhhoanne is kala roop ko prothsahan aur sthirikaran dene ke lie kaphi prayas kie. shvati ke pashhchat ke samay mean yadyapi is kala roop mean giravat aee. kisi prakar yah kuchh praantiy jamiandaroan aur uchhch vargiy logoan ke bhogavadi jivan ki santushti ke lie kamavasana tak gir gaya. kavi valathol ne ise ek bar phir naya jivan diya aur ise keral kala mandalam ke madhhyam se ek adhunik shthan pradan kiya, jisaki shthapana unhhoanne 1903 mean ki thi. kalamandalam kalhyanima, kalamandalam ki pratham nrithy shikshika thian jo is prachin kala roop ko ek naya jivan dene mean saphal rahian. unake sath krishhna panikar, madhavi amhma aur chinhnamhmoo amhma ne is lupht hoti paramhpara ki aantim kadiyaan jo di jo kalamandal ke anushasan mean poshit anhy akaankshi thian.
bhagavan ke prati samarpan
mohiniatatm ki vishay vashtu prem tatha bhagavan ke prati samarpan hai. vishhnu ya krishhn isamean adhikaanshat: nayak hote haian. isake darshak unaki adrishhy upasthiti ko dekh sakate haian jab nayika ya mahila apane sapanoan aur akaankshaoan ka vivaran golakar gatiyoan, komal pad taloan aur gahari abhivhyakti ke madhhyam se deti hai. nrithyaangana dhimi aur madhhyam gati mean abhinay ke lie paryapht shthan banane mean saksham hoti hai aur bhav prakat kar pati hai. is roop mean yah nrithy bharat natyam ke saman lagata hai. isaki gatividhiyoan odisi ke saman bhavhy aur isake paridhan sade tatha akarshak hote haian. yah anivaryat: ekal nrithy hai kinhtu vartaman samay mean ise samoohoan mean bhi kiya jata hai. mohiniatatm ki paramhpara bharat natyam ke kaphi qrarib chalati hai. chol ketu ke sath aranbh karate hue nrithyaangana jathivaram, varanam, padam aur tilana kram se karati hai. varanam mean shuddh aur abhivhyakti vala nrithy kiya jata hai, jabaki padam mean nrithyaangana ki abhinay kala ki pratibha dikhaee deti hai jabaki tilana mean usaki takaniki kalakari ka pradarshan hota hai.
nrithy tal
moolabhoot nrithy tal char prakar ke hote haian:
- taganam,
- jaganam,
- dhaganam aur
- samishram.
ye nam vaittari namak vargikaran se uthpanhn hue haian.
veshabhoosha
mohiniatatm mean sahaj lagane vali saj sajhja aur saral veshabhoosha dharan ki jati hai. nrithyaangana ko keral ki saphed aur sunahari kinari vali suandar kasavoo sa di mean sajaya jata hai.
hasht lakshan dipika
anhy nrithy roopoan ke saman mohiniatatm mean hasht lakshan dipika ko apanaya jata hai, jaisa ki mudra ki pathy pushtak ya hath ke hav bhav mean diya gaya hai. mohiniatatm ke lie maukhik sangit ki shaili, jaisa ki amataur par dekha gaya hai, shashtriy karnatak hai. isake git maharaja shvati tirunal aur iraiman thamhpi dvara kie ge haian jo manipraval (sanshkrit aur malayalam ka mishran) mean haian. hal hi mean thopi madalam aur vina ne mohiniatatm mean prishhthabhoomi sangit pradan kiya. unake shthan par hal ke varshoan mean mridangam aur vayalin a gaya hai.