थेय्यम नृत्य
theyyam athava teyyam (aangrezi: Theyyam) bharatiy rajy keral ki paramparik lok nrity kala hai. yah keral aur karnatak ke nikatavarti kshetr ka ek pooja nrity v lokapriy saanskritik dharmik anushthan hai. ise kaliyattam, teyyam ya tira bhi kahate haian. kuchh srotoan ke anusar yah 800 sal purani parampara hai jabaki kee srot ise 2000 sal prachin manate haian. theyyam ko shiv ya shakti ka avatar mana jata hai. malabar tat ke kolattoonadoo kshetr mean yah ek sadiyoan purani paranpara rahi hai.
prachalan
theyyam mukhy roop se keral ke kasargod, kannoor jila, vayanad jile ke manantatavati talooka, kojhikkod jile ke vadakara aur koilandi talooka aur karnatak ke kodagu-madikeri kshetr aur tulunadu kshetr mean prachalit hai. keral ke uttari kshetr mean yah aktoobar se mee-joon ke mahine tak dekha ja sakata hai kiantu navambar se disambar tak yah charam par hota hai.[1]
prakar
theyyam ke kul 456 prakar hote haian. inamean se kuchh pramukh haian-
- vishnumoorti theyyam - theyyam ke sabhi prakaroan mean se keval do theyyam vaishnav (arthat vaishnav sanpraday se prabhavit) mane jate haian- daivatar theyyamaur vishnumoorti theyyam. yah theyyam palanthaee kannan se sambandhit hai, jo bhagavan vishnu ke bahut b de bhakt the. yah keral ka sabase lokapriy vaishnav theyyam hai. yah theyam bhagavan vishnu dvara narasimham ke avatar mean hiranyakashipu ki mrityu ki kahani ka varnan aur pradarshan karata hai jisamean bhagavan vishnu ne usake vadh ke lie narasianh avatar dharan kiya tha arthat unaka adha sharir nar ka tha aur shesh sianh ka. yahi karan hai ki is theyym ko narasimha moorti theyym bhi kahate haian.
- padikutti amma - manyatanusar padikutti amma muthappan ki mata haian.
- shri muthappan theyyam - ye cheriya muthappan (shiv ke) aur valiya muthappan (vishnu ke) ke avatar mane jate haian. is theyyam ki vishishtata yah hai ki yah sabhi muthappan mandiroan mean keval ek bar hi kiya jata hai.
- gulikan - manyatanusar gulikan bhagavan shiv ke sabase mahatvapoorn yoddhaoan mean se ek the. unhean mrityu aur nyay ke devata yamaraj ka avatar mana jata hai.
isake alava kuttichathan, ti chamundi, kandakarnan, muchchhilot bhagavati, kathivanoor viran theyyam adi bhi isake any pramukh roop haian.
prastuti
aisi manyata hai ki parashuram ne malayar, panan, vannan, velar jaisi janajatiy samudayoan ko is anushthan ke ayojan ki zimmedari di thi. kiantu theyyam ki utpatti ka shrey manakkadan gurukkal ko diya jata hai. ve vannan jati ke pramukh kalakar the. mana jata hai ki chirakkal pradesh ke raja ne ek bar unaki jaduee shaktiyoan ki pariksha karane ke lie unhean kuchh devataoan ke poshak banane ka uttaradayitv sauanpa. in poshakoan ka prayog dharmik anushthan mean hona tha. tab gurukkal ne rat bhar mean hi kee alag-alag poshakean taiyar kar dian. unaki is rahasyamayi shakti se prabhavit hokar raja ne gurukkal ko manakkadn ki upadhi pradan ki. tabhi se theyyam ki paranpara shuroo huee.[1]
is bhavy nrity mean pratyek kalakar mahan shakti vale ek nayak ka pratinidhitv karata hai jisane vir karm karake ya pavitr jivan vyatit karake daiviy shakti prapt ki hai. apane sharir mean bhagavan ya devi ka ahvan karate hue, vah mandir ke parisar mean nrity karata hai aur vahian devataoan ki pooja ki jati hai. is sthan ko kavoo kaha jata hai.
samay
yah utsav malayali mahine tulam (aktoobar/navanbar) ke dasavean din se aranbh hota hai aur joon ke aant tak samapt ho jata hai.
bhag
theyyam ke 2 bhag hote haian. isaka pratham bhag vellattam ya tottam kahalata hai. ise tottamapattu ke nam se bhi jana jata hai. yah pradarshan bina kisi khas paridhan aur saj-sajja ke, sade tarike se hota hai. isamean prayukt hone vale mukhy vady yantr haian cheanda, vikkan cheanda, ilattalam aur kujal ityadi. vellattam ke pradarshan ke lie kalakar apane chehare pe rangoan ka prayog karate haian. isamean anushthanik gitoan ka bahut mahattv hota hai. sabhi nartak hathiyaroan ki nirantarata ke roop mean apane hathoan mean dhal aur kadathala (talava) lete haian. nrity ke vibhinn charan hote haian jinhean kalasam kaha jata hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ 1.0 1.1 theyyam nrity (hiandi) byjus.com. abhigaman tithi: 23 faravari, 2024.
sanbandhit lekh
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