अयोध्या का उत्खनन
ayodhya ka utkhanan
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| vivaran | ayodhya ka sarvapratham utkhanan profesar avadh kishor narayan ke netritv mean kashi hindoo vishvavidyalay ke ek dal ne 1967-1970 mean kiya. yah utkhanan mukhyat: jain ghat ke samip ke kshetr, lakshman tekari evan nal tile ke samipavarti kshetroan mean hua. |
| rajy | uttar pradesh |
| zila | faizabad |
| pun: utkhanan | shri brajavasi lal ke netritv mean yah utkhanan kary 1979-1980 mean pun: prarambh hua. |
| any janakari | is utkhanan mean sabase mahattvapoorn upalabdhi ady aitihasik kal ke roleted mrinbhaandoan ki prapti hai. ye mrinbhaand pratham-dvitiy shatabdi ee. ke haian. |
ayodhya ke simit kshetroan mean puratattvavettaoan ne utkhanan kary kie. is kshetr ka sarvapratham utkhanan profesar avadh kishor narayan ke netritv mean kashi hindoo vishvavidyalay ke ek dal ne 1967-1970 mean kiya. yah utkhanan mukhyat: jain ghat ke samip ke kshetr, lakshman tekari evan nal tile ke samipavarti kshetroan mean hua.[1] utkhanan se prapt samagri ko tin kaloan mean vibhakt kiya gaya hai-
pratham kal
utkhanan mean pratham kal ke uttari kale chamakile mrinbhaand parampara (en. bi. pi., beyar) ke bhoore patr evan lal rang ke mrinbhaand mile haian. is kal ki any vastuoan mean mitti ke katore, goliyaan, khilauna, ga di ke chakr, haddi ke upakaran, taanbe ke manake, sphatik, shisha adi ke manake evan mrinmoortiyaan adi mukhy haian. jamav ke oopari star se 6 manav akriti ki mrinmoortiyaan mili haian. paravarti staroan se ayodhya ke do japanadiy sikke bhi prapt hue haian. isake atirikt kuchh lohe ki vastuean bhi mili haian. simit kshetr mean utkhanan hone ke karan koee bhi sanrachanatmak avashesh nahian mil sake.
dvitiy kal
is kal ke mrinbhaand mukhyat: eesa ke pratham shatabdi ke haian. utkhanan se prapt mukhy vastuoan mean makaramukhakriti toti, davat ke dhakkan ki akriti ke mritpatr, chipate lal rang ke adharayukt lambavath dharadar katore, staianp aur mritpatr khand adi haian. any pramukh vastuoan mean haddi ka ek kangha, pakki mitti ke lodhe, gomed ke manake aur mitti ki manav aur pashu akritiyaan bhi haian. is kal ki sabase mahattvapoorn upalabdhi ek ayatakar pakki eetoan (35×25×5 semi.) ki sanrachana tatha ek mritikavalay koop (riangavel) hai. is sanrachana ki aantarik map poorv se pashchim 88 semi. hai.thumb|250px|digambar jain mandir, ayodhya|left
tritiy kal
is kal ka arambh ek lambi avadhi ke bad milata hai. utkhanan se prapt madhyakalin chamakile mritpatr apane sabhi prakaroan mean milate haian. isake atirikt kahi evan proklen mrinbhaand bhi mile haian. any pramukh vastuoan mean mitti ke daibar, lodhe, lohe ki vibhinn vastuean, manake, bahumooly patthar, shishe ki ekarangi aur bahurangi choo diyaan aur mitti ki pashu akritiyaan (visheshakar chi diyoan ki akriti) haian. is kal se sat pakki eetoan ki sanrachanaoan ke avashesh bhi mile haian. utkhanan se prapt ye sabhi sanrachanaean, prarambhik sanrachanaoan se nikali gee eetoan se nirmit haian.
ayodhya ke kuchh kshetroan ka pun: utkhanan
ayodhya ke kuchh kshetroan ka pun: utkhanan do satroan 1975-1976 tatha 1976-1977 mean brajavasi lal aur ke. vi. sundarajan ke netritv mean hua. yah utkhanan mukhyat: do kshetroan- ramajanmabhoomi aur hanumanagadhi mean kiya gaya.[2] is utkhanan se sanskritiyoan ka ek vishvasaniy kalakram prakash mean aya hai. sath hi is sthan par prachinatam basti ke vishay mean janakari bhi mili hai. utkhanan mean sabase nichale star se uttari kali chamakile mrinbhaand evan dhoosar mrinbhaand parampara ke mritpatr mile haian. dhoosar parampara ke kuchh mrinbhaandoan par kale rang mean chitrakari bhi milati hai. yahaan se prapt mrinbhaand shravasti, piparahava aur kaushaanbi se samanata grahan kie hue haian. utkhananakartaoan ne is pratham kal ko satavian shatabdi ee. poo. mean nirdharit kiya hai.
staroan ke anukram se jnat hota hai ki is tile par bastiyoan ka kram tisari shatabdi ee. tak avichchhinn roop se jari tha. utkhanan se pata chalata hai ki prarambhik charan mean makanoan ka nirman baans, balli, mitti tatha kachchi eeantoan se kiya jata tha. janmabhoomi kshetr se eeantoan ki ek moti divar mili hai. jise utkhata mahoday ne qile ki divar se samikrit kiya hai. is divar ke thik niche kachchi eeantoan se nirmit ek any divar ke bhi avashesh mile haian. is tal ke oopari star ka vistar, jo raksha prachiroan ke bad ka hai, tisari shatabdi ee. poo. se pratham shatabdi ee. ke madhy mana gaya hai. khudaee mean yahaan se kuchh mritika valay koop tatha qile ki divar ke bahar ki or parikha (khaee) ke avashesh bhi mile haian.
hanumanagadhi kshetr mean utkhanan
hanumanagadhi kshetr se bhi uttari kali chamakili mrinbhaand sanskriti ke avashesh prakash mean ae haian. sath hi yahaan anek prakar ke mritika valay koop tatha ek kuean mean prayukt kuchh shankvakar eeantean bhi mili haian. utkhanan se b di matra mean vibhinn prakar ki vastuean mili haian, jinamean mukhyat: adha darjan muharean, 70 sikke, ek sau se adhik laghu mrinmoortiyaan adi ullekhaniy haian. isamean sarvadhik mahattvapoorn kushan shasak vasudev ki ek mitti ki muhar (doosari shati ee.), isi kal ka mooladev ka ek sikka tatha ek bhoore rang ki kesh-vihin jain mrinmoorti hai.[3] hanumanagadhi se prapt any mrinmoortiyaan pahali-doosari shatabdi ee. poo. ki haian. ye mrinmoortiyaan ahichchhatr, kaushaanbi, piparahava aur vaishali adi kshetroan se prapt mrinmoortiyoan ke saman hi haian. is prakar ki mrinmoortiyoan ko vasudevasharan agraval ne vijatiy prakar se abhihit kiya hai.[4] thumb|250px|lakshman qila, ayodhya
mahattvapoorn upalabdhi
is utkhanan mean sabase mahattvapoorn upalabdhi ady aitihasik kal ke roleted mrinbhaandoan ki prapti hai. ye mrinbhaand pratham-dvitiy shatabdi ee. ke haian. is prakar ke mrinbhaandoan ki prapti se yah siddh hota hai ki tatkalin ayodhya mean vanijy aur vyapar b de paimane par hota tha. yah vyapar sarayoo nadi ke jalamarg dvara ganga nadi se sambaddh tha. yah vyapar mukhyat: chhapara aur poorvi bharat ke tamralipti se hota tha. abhi bhi sarayoo aur ganga nadi mean b di navoan se poorvi bharat se vyapar hota hai. roleted mrinbhaandoan ki prapti atanrik vyapar ka mahattvapoorn udaharan hai. ullekhaniy hai prayadvipiy bharat mean is prakar ke mrinbhaand kabhi-kabhi prishth pradeshoan (jaise-brahmagiri aur segamedu) mean bhi milate haian.
brajavasi lal ke netritv mean utkhanan
ady aitihasik kal ke pashchath yahaan ke malaboan aur gaddhoan se prapt vastuoan ke adhar par vyavasayik kram mean avarodh drishtigat hota hai. sambhavat: yah kshetr pun: 11vian shatabdi mean adhivasit hua. yahaan se utkhanan mean kuchh paravarti madhyakalin eeantean, kank d, evan choone ki farsh adi bhi mile haian. ayodhya se 16 kilomitar dakshin mean tamasa nadi ke kinare sthit nandigram mean bhi shri brajavasi lal ke netritv mean utkhanan kary kiya gaya. ullekh hai ki ram ke vanagaman ke pashchath bharat ne yahian par nivas karate hue ayodhya ka shasan kary sanchalit kiya tha. yahaan ke simit utkhanan se prapt vastuean ayodhya ki vastuoan ke samakalin haian. ayodhya tatha any sthanoan ke utkhanan ke adhar par isaka kal 7vian shatabdi ee. poo. nirdharit kiya gaya hai.
shri brajavasi lal ke netritv mean yah utkhanan kary 1979-1980 mean pun: prarambh hua.[5] is utkhanan ke prarambhik charanoan se achchhi tarah pakae ge evan chamakadar uttari kali chamakile mrinbhaand (en. bi. pi. beyar) mile haian. is mrinbhaand sanskriti ke kal mean nirmit makanoan mean mukhyat: kachchi eeantoan ka prayog milata hai. makanoan mean mrittika valay koopoan ka pravadhan tha. is sanskriti ke pashchath yah sthan shuang, kushan, aur gupt evan madhy kaloan mean abad raha. utkhanan mean kachchi eeantoan se nirmit ek shuang-kalin divar bhi mili hai. isake atirikt guptakalin bhavan ka ek bhag tatha kuchh tatkalin mrinbhaand bhi mile haian, jo shrriangaverapur aur bharadvaj ashram ke mrinbhaandoan ke samatuly haian.
simit kshetr mean utkhanan
1981-1982 ee. mean simit kshetr mean utkhanan kiya gaya. yah utkhanan mukhyat: hanumanagadhi aur lakshmanaghat kshetroan mean hua. isamean 700-800 ee. poo. ke kalatmak patr mile haian. shri lal ke utkhanan se pramanit hota hai ki yah bauddh kal mean ayodhya ka mahattvapoorn sthan tha. mahatma buddh ki pramukh shishya vishasha ne yahian par diksha grahan ki thi, jisaki smritisvaroop vishakha ne ayodhya mean mani parvat ke samip ek bauddh math ki sthapana ki thi. sambhav hai ki kalantar mean samay-samay par sarayoo nadi ke ghara parivartan ke karan prachin ayodhya nagari ka kuchh kshetr nadi dvara nasht kar diya gaya ho.
buddh rashmi mani aur hari maanjhi ke netritv mean
bharatiy puratattv sarvekshan vibhag, bharat sarakar, nee dilli dvara buddh rashmi mani aur hari maanjhi ke netritv mean 2002-2003 eesavi mean ramajanm bhoomi kshetr mean utkhanan kary kiya gaya. yah utkhanan kary sarvochch nyayalay ke nirdesh par sanchalit hua. utkhanan se poorv uttari krishna parimarjit sanskriti se lekar paravarti mugalakalin sanskriti tak ke avashesh prakash mean ae. pratham kal ke avasheshoan evan rediyo karban tithiyoan se yah nishchit ho jata hai ki manav sabhyata ki kahani ayodhya mean 1300 eesa poorv se prarambh hoti hai.[6] utkhanan mean upalabdh pratham kal ki samagri ek simit kshetr se hi prapt haian. sanrachanatk kriyakalapoan se pare pratham kal ki sanskriti is kshetr ke any utkhanit purasthaloan shrriangaverapur, hulasakhe da, sohagaura, narahan aur rajaghat ke saman hai. birabal sahani puravanaispatik sansthan, lakhanoo se prapt ayodhya ke pratham kal ki karban tithiyaan nimnalikhit haian-[7]
| namoona sakhya | namoonoan ki tithi [8] | purnaganana varsh mean |
|---|---|---|
| sankhya-7, ayodhya-1, 2152 ji-7 (16) 9.15 mitar | 2830 Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): \pm 100 bi. pi. (880 ee. poo.) | 1190- 840 ee. poo. |
| sankhya-8, ayodhya-1, 2153 ji-7 (19) 11.00 mitar | 2860 Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): \pm 100 bi. pi. (910 ee. poo.) | 1210- 900 ee. poo. |
| sankhya-9, ayodhya-1, 2154 ji-7 (20) 11.53 mitar | 3200 Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): \pm 130 bi. pi. (1250 ee. poo.) | 1680- 1320 ee. poo. |
is navin puratatvik sakshy evan any sthaloan ke tulanatmak adhyayan se yah spasht hota hai ki yahaan se prapt poorv uttari krishna parimarjit sanskriti, chtam chhathachh banasajanatamaddh ke sakshy bharatiyoan ke astha evan vishvas ko pusht karate haian. is praman se hamean ramakatha aur ayodhya ki prachinata ko krishna, mahabharat aur hastinapur ke poorv ke hone ka sabal adhar milata hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ i. a. ri., 1959-70, prishth 40-41
- ↑ i. a. ri. 1976-77, prishth 52
- ↑ yah jain mrinmoorti chauthi shatabdi ee. poo. ki hai jo prachinata ki drishti se bharat varsh mean jain moortiyoan mean pratham rachana hai.
- ↑ i. a. ri., 1976-77, prishth 53
- ↑ i. a. ri., 1979-80, prishth 76-77
- ↑ hari maanjhi aur bi. ar. mani, ayodhya 2002-2003, eksakaiveshans ait di "dispyooted sait" bharatiy puratattv sarvekshan vibhag, nee dilli, 2003, chhaya prati.
- ↑ ke. en. dikshit, ramayan, mahabharat eand arkiyolaji, puratattv, aank-33, 2002-2003, prishth 114-118.
- ↑ karban-4 ke arddhajivan par adharit (5570 Failed to parse (MathML with SVG or PNG fallback (recommended for modern browsers and accessibility tools): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://api.formulasearchengine.com/v1/":): \pm 30 varsh
sanbandhit lekh