आंतरगुही

aantaraguhi jantu samrajy ki ek b di nimn koti ki prasrishti (failam, b da samooh) hai, jisako laitin bhasha mean sileantareta kahate haian. is prasrishti ke sabhi jiv jalaprani haian. keval prajiv (protozoa) tatha chhidrishth (spanj) hi aise prani haian jo aantaraguhi se bhi adhik saral akar ke hote haian. vikasakram mean ye pratham bahukoshikiy jantu hai, jinaki vibhinn prakar ki koshikaoan mean vibhedan tatha vastavik ootakanirman dikhaee p data hai. is prakar inamean tantrika tantr tatha peshitantr ka vikas ho gaya hai. parantu inaki rachana mean n sir ka hi vibhedan hota hai, n vikhandan hi dikhaee p data hai. inaka sharir khokhala hota hai, jisake bhitar ek b di guha hoti hai. isako aantaraguha (sileanter aaun) kahate haian. isamean ek hi chhed hota hai. isako mukh kahate haian, yadyapi isi chhidr ke dvara bhojan bhi bhitar jata hai tatha maladi ka parityag bhi hota hai. sharir ki divar koshikaoan ki do paratoan ki bani hoti hai--bahmastar (ektodarm) tatha aant:star (eandodarm)-or donoan ke bich bahudha ek akoshikiy padarth-madhyashlesh (misagliya)-hota hai. mukh ke charoan or bahudha kee lanbi spashikaean hoti haian. inaka kankal, yadi hua to, kailsiyamayukt ya siang jaise padarth ka hota hai. jal mean rahane tatha saral sanrachana ke karan inamean n to parivahanasansthan hota hai, n utsarjan ya shvasanasansthan. jananakriya alaiangik tatha laiangik donoan hi vidhiyoan se hoti hai. alaiangik janan koshikabhajan dvara hota hai. laiangik janan ke lie jananakoshikaoan ki utpatti bahmastar athava aant:-star mean sthit jananaangoan mean hoti hai. in jivoan mean kee prakar ke dianbh (larva) pae jate haian aur kee jatiyoan mean pidhiyoan ka ekaantataran hota hai. adhikaansh jatiyaan do mean se ek roop mean paee jati haian-palip (p aaulip) roop mean ya medoosa roop mean, aur jinamean ekaantaran hota hai unamean ek pidhi ek roop ki tatha doosari doosare roop ki hoti hai. kuchh jatiyoan mean bahuroopata ka bahut vikar dekha jata hai.

palip tatha medoosa -(1) palip roop ke aantaraguhi jaliyak (haidrozoa) tatha pushpajiv (aianthozoa) vargo mean pae jate haian. pushpajivoan mean unake vikas ki parakashtha dikhaee p dati hai. saral roop ka palip gilas jaisa ya belanakar hota hai. usaka mukh oopar ki or tatha mukh ki viparit disha prithvi ki aur hoti hai. upanivesh (k aauloni) bananevali jatiyoan mean mukh ki viparit dishavale bhag se palip upanivesh se ju da rahata hai. aisi jatiyoan mean vibhinn palipoan ki aantaraguhaean ek doosare se shakhaoan ki guhaoan dvara sanbandhit rahati haian. aisi jatiyoan mean adhikaanshat: sabhi palip ek jaisee nahian hote. udaharan ke lie kuchh mukhasahit hote haian aur bhojan grahan karate haian to kuchh mukharahit hote haian. aur bhojan nahian grahan kar sakate. ye keval jananakriya mean sahayak hote haian (niche dr. 'bahuroopata'). jaliyakoan ke palipoan ki aantaraguha saral akar ki thaili jaisi hoti hai, kiantu pushpajivoan mean kee kh de parade divar ki bhitari part se nikalate haian jo aantaraguha ko apoorn roop se kee bhagoan mean baant dete haian. inaki sankhya tatha vyavastha pratyek jati mean nishchit rahati hai. samudrapushp tatha kee any mooange ki chattanoan ka nirman karaneval eaantaraguhiyoan mean in paradoan tatha sparshikaoan ki sankhya mean vishesh sanbandh hota hai.

aantaraguhi, palip rup aantaraguhiyoan ke bich meanguha rahati hai. aant di, pheph da, ityadi koee aang inamean nahian hote samudrapushp (si ainimon) ka nam isalie p da hai ki vah kuchh kuchh phool sa dikhaee p data hai. isaki bhi sanrachana any palipoan ki tarah hoti hai. khokhale belanakar stanbh ke oopar gol tikiya si rahati hai, jisake bich mean muananhavala chhed hota hai aur sparshikaoan ki ek ya adhik tah hoti hai. sparshikaean phool ki pankhu diyoan si jan p dati haian. stanbh ka nichala sira chipate paanv ki tarah hota hai. isi ke sahare samudrapushp vividh vastuoan mean chipakata hai. parantu vah sthayi roop se ek hi jagah nahian chipaka rahata. samudrapushp chal sakata hai, parantu bahut dhire-dhire. bahudha kee dinoan tak ek hi sthan mean chipaka rah jata hai. samudr ke tat ke pas, chhichhale pani mean, samudrapushp bahut pae jate haian. ye pray: sabhi samudroan mean pae jate haian parantu ushn deshiy samudroan ke samudrapushp b de hote haian. aise deshoan mean mooange ki doobi shail malaoan par gaj bhar ki tikiyavale samudrapushp pae jate hean. ye vividh rangoan ke hote haian aur bahudha inapar suandar dhariyaan aur jyamitiy chitrakari rahati hai. ye maansahari hote haian aur apani sparshikaoan se chhote jivoan ko pak dakar khate haian.

(2) medoosa-un aantar guhiyoan ko jinhean log gijagijiya (aangreji mean jeli fish) kahate haian, vaijnanik bhasha mean medoosa kahate haian. pashchaty paranpara ke anusar medoosa nam ki ek rakshasi thi jise kesh nahian the; kesh ke badale mean sarp the. isi rakshasi ke nam par medoosa p da hai. medoosa ka sharir chhatari ke saman hota hai aur bhitar se, us biandu par jahaan chhatari ki dandi lagani chahie, mukh hota hai; chhatari ki kor se sparshikaean nikali rahati haian. chhatari ke akar ka hone ke karan inhean hiandi mean chhatrik kaha jata hai. inaka sharir atyant naram hone ke karan inhean sadharan bhasha mean gijagijiya kahate haian. samudrapushp (si ainimon) yah samudr ki peandi par chipaka rahata hai. dekhane mean yah phool sa lagata hai, parantu hai yah prani aur apani sparshikaoan dvara chhote jivoan ko pak dakar pacha dalata hai.

gijagijiya b di hi suandar hoti haian. inaka manamohak roop dekhakar manushy ashcharyachakit rah jata hai. inake sharir ki sanrachana tantumay hoti hai, n bahar haddi hoti hai aur n bhitar. inake bhitar bahut sa jal rahata hai. isilie pani ke bahar nikale jane par ve chichuk jati haian aur unaki suandarata jati rahati hai.

samudratat par kh de hone se ye jantu pani mean tairate hue kabhi n kabhi dikhaee p d hi jate haian. unaki sparshikaean niche jhoolati haian aur oopar chhatari ki tarah unaka sharir phoola rahata hai. jan p data hai, ye lachar haian aur pani jidhar chahe udhar unhean baha le jaega, parantu bat aisi nahian hoti. gijagijiya ichchhit disha mean ja sakati hai; haan, vah tej nahian tair sakati. tairane ke lie yah apane chhatari jaise aangoan ko bar bar phulati pichakati hai.

aantaraguhi, medoosa roop inhean chhatrik aur gijagijiya (jeli fish) bhi kahate haian. gijagijiya ki kee jatiyaan hoti haian. kuchh mean chhatari tin phut vyas ki hoti hai, parantu any jatiyoan mean chhatariyaan chhoti hoti haian. gijagijiya vividh suandar rangoan ki hoti haian, parantu tairanevaloan ko unase bacha hi rahana chahie, kyoanki unaki bahuoan mean anek nalikaean hoti haian, jo shatru ke sharir mean eank ki tarah vish pahuanchati haian. b di gijagijiyoan ki sparshikaean kee gaj lanbi hoti haian. ek ki chapet mean a jane se manushy ko ghantoan pi da hoti hai. kabhi kabhi mrityu bhi ho jati hai.

aantaraguhi ki sanrachana-oopar ke sankshipt varnan se pata chalega ki aantaraguhi ki sadharan sanrachana uchch praniyoan ke bhroonavardhan mean ek bhiktika (blastula) avastha ke saman hai (dr. apshthavanshi bhroonatatv). is avastha mean bhroon ek thaili ke saman hota hai, jisake bhitar ek b di guha hoti hai aur isamean bahar se sanpark ke lie ek hi chhidr hota hai. guha ki divar koshikaoan ke do staroan ki bani hoti hai. vastav mean aisa koee aantaraguhi nahian hai jisaki sanrachana ekabhiktika ke saman saral ho, kiantu adyajaliyak (protohaidra) namak aantaraguhi aur ekabhittika mean keval itana hi aantar hai ki pratham ki koshikaean kee prakar ki hoti haian aur donoan staroan ke bich ek akoshikiy padarth-madhyashlesh (mizogliya) hota hai. adhikaansh aantaraguhi isase kahian adhik jatil hote haian, kiantu sabhi ki is saral roop se tulana ki ja sakati hai. adhikaansh jatiyoan mean mukh ke charoan or khokhale ya thos, aanguli jaise pravardh athava sparshikaean hoti haian. bahudha unamean trijjiy sammiti (rediyal simetri) hoti hai, arthat yadi mukh ko keandr manakar aantaraguhi ko kinhi do bhagoan mean vibhakt kar diya jae to donoan bhag saman hoange. haan, pushpajiv (aianthozoa) namak varg mean avashy hi prani ke aise do bhag ek vishesh rekha par hi ho sakate haian, arthath‌ unamean dviparshviy sammiti hoti hai. anek aantaraguhiyoan mean madhyashlesh ka vikas bahut adhik ho jata hai, jisase ye jantu daladar ho jate haian, jaisa anek jatiyoan ki jeli machhaliyoan mean hota hai. palip aur medoosa ki koshikaoan mean paryapt bhed hota hai.

ek suandar chhatrik roonavardhan tatha jivan itihas-aantaraguhiyoan ke vibhinn vargo ke bhroonavardhan tatha jivan itihas mean kaphi aantar hai, kiantu lagabhag sabhi mean kisi n kisi prakar ka dianbh (larava) avashy hi paya jata hai. kuchh udaharanoan se yah spasht ho jaega. samudrapushp mean aanda jal mean parityakt kiya jata hai aur sharir ke bahar hi usaka sansechan hota hai. bad mean sansechit aanda do, char, ath ya isase adhik koshikaoan mean vibhakt hota hai. koshikaean is prakar vyavasthit hoti haian ki aant mean ek khokhala gola ban jata hai. yah ekabhiktika avastha hai. isamean bahari tal par anek romikaean nikal ati haian. dhire-dhire ekabhiktika ka ek sira dhansane lagata hai jisase gole ki bhitari guha ya ekabhiktika ka aant ho jata hai aur do staroanvala syootibhroon (gaistrula) banata hai. isaka mukh bad mean praudh avastha ke mukh mean badalata hai tatha isaki guha aantaraguha ko janm deti hai. romikaoan ke karan is avastha mean hi bhroon bahut kuchh tair sakata hai aur aant mean samudr ke tal par rukakar kramash: praudh avastha mean parivartit ho jata hai.

kisi praroopik jaliyak (haidrozoa), jaise sukumar prajati (obiliya) mean, palip roopavali pidhi upanivesh (k aauloni) banati hai, jisamean shakhaoan par kuchh mukhayukt palip hote haian, kuchh mukharahit. mukharahit palipoan se koshikabhajan ke dvara kee aparipakv svatantr chhatrik (medoosa) jaise jiv banate haian. ye paripakv hote haian, to inamean prajanaang banate haian. nar tatha mada chhatrik alag alag hote haian. nar se shukrakoshikaean nikalati haian aur ve mada chhatrik mean jakar mada prajananaang ka bhedakar aande ka sansechan karati haian. prajananaang ke bhitar hi pahale ekabhiktika banati hai, phir kuchh koshikaoan ke star tyagakar usake niche doosara star banane se syootibhrooman banata hai, kiantu isamean mukh nahian hota. bahari tal par romikaean ban jati haian aur bhroon lanba ho jata hai. ab bhroon prajananaang to dakar jal mean svatantr roop se tairane ke lie nikal p data hai. yah ek dianbh hai, jisako chipitak (plenula) kahate haian. vastav mean yah jaliyak ka praroopik dianbh hai. kuchh samay ke bad chipitak kisi patthar ya any kisi thos vastu par ruk jata hai. isaka ek sira patthar se chipak jata hai. doosara lanba ho jata hai. is sire par mukh aur charoan or sparshikaean ban jati haian. phir usake belanakar sharir se koshikaoan ke dvara shakhaean banati haian.

chhatrik varg (skaifozoa), jaise svarnachhatrik (aaureliya) ka bhroonarvadhran inase bhinn hai. svarnachhatrik b de chhatrik ke roop mean hota hai, jisamean prajananaang hote haian. sukumar (obiliya) ki bhaanti isamean bhi chipitak dianbh banata hai, jo dharatal par rookane ke bad chashamukh (skaeephrastoya) namak dianbh mean badalata hai. chashamukh ke poorn nirman ke bad yah a de-a de anek tuk doan mean bant jata hai. poori sanrachana tashtariyoan ke ek doosare par rakhe hue b de dher jaisi lagati hai. phir pratyek tuk da ya 'tashtari' alag ho jati hai aur usaka roopaantaran praudh mean ho jata hai.

inamean se sukumar ka jivan itihas ek aur tathy ko bhi spasht karata hai. sukumar ke jivanachakr mean palip tatha medoosa donoan roopoan ke praudh pae jate haian. palip roop bastiyoan mean rahate haian aur inaki sankhyavriddhi alaiangik riti se hoti hai. ye ek hi sthan par sthir rahate haian. medoosa akele svatantr tairanevale tatha laiangik prajanan karanevale hote haian. jivanachakr mean palip tatha medoosa pidhiyaan ek ke bad ek ati haian, arthath‌ in do pidhiyoan ke bich ekaantaran hota hai. atan: isako pidhiyoan ka ekaantaran kahate haian. svarnachhatrik mean palip pidhi avikasit rah jati hai. vastav mean chashamukhi ko hi palip pidhi ka pratinidhi kaha ja sakata hai. at: svarnachhatrik mean ekaantaran spasht nahian hota. metridiyam namak aantaraguhiyoan mean medoosa bilakul hi avikasit hota hai, atan: usamean ekaantaran ka abhas bhi nahian milata.

ootaki ya vibhinn prakar ki koshikaean-kaha ja chuka he, aantataraguhi ka sharir koshikaoan ke do hi staroan, bahmastar tatha aantastar, ka bana hota hai, jinake bich vibhinn motaee ki ek akoshikiy parat hoti hai. bahmastar mean pray: sat prakar ki koshikaean hoti haian. inamean sabase bahusankhyak peshyabhichchhadiy (maskuloepithiliyal) koshikaean hoti haian. ye bahar ki or chauan di aur madhyashlesh ki or kuchh nukili hoti haian. isi or se isamean kuchh pravardh nikalate haian, jo madhyashlesh ke oopar phailakar poora star bana lete haian.

bhitar ki or sankari hone ke karan in koshikaoan ke bich kuchh jagah chhoot jati hai, jisamean chhoti koshikaoan ke samooh pae jate haian, inako aantaraliy (iantarastishiyal) koshikaean kahate haian. vastav mean in chhoti koshikaoan ke vibhedan se any prakar ki koshikaean banati haian.

peshyabhichchhadiy koshikaoan ke bich bich kahian kahian kuchh vishesh prakar ki koshikaean paee jati haian jinako dashaghat (nidoblast) kahate haian. inake bhitar ek b di thaili jaisi sanrachana hoti hai, jisako soochyang (nimaisist) kahate haian. soochyang koshika ke bahari dharatal ki or rahata hai aur usi or jisamean ek khokhala danshasootr hota hai. sootr ka nichala bhag kuchh mota hota hai jise dand kahate haian. dand par kuchh nukile kaante aur chhote chhote shaly hote haian. nishkriy avastha mean sootr aur dand donoan kosh ke bhitar ulatakar kuantalik avastha mean p de rahate haian. vastav mean sootr kuchh usi prakar ulata rahata hai jaise jhole ya moje ko ham ulat sakate haian. kosh ke charoan or jivadravy hota hai. usamean ek keandrak hota hai. jivadravy se kee sookshm sankochi dhage nikalakar kosh ko charoan or se ghere rahate haian jab sootr kosh ke bhitar rahata hai tab kosh ka bahari mukh ek dhakane se band rahata hai. dharatal par kosh ke mukh ke nikat ek danshedgami rom (nidosil) hota hai tatha kuchh tantrika-koshikaoan ke tantuk koshika ke jivadravy mean phaile hote haian. kisi prani dvara danshodgami rom ke uddipt ho jane par sootr ekaek ulatakar kosh ke bahar visphot ki bhaanti nikalata hai aur shikar mean dhans jata hai. isamean se ek vishaila drav nikalane ke karan shikar avasann ho jata hai. is kriya mean bahudha poora danshakosh hi nikal p data hai. danshakoshoan ke akar, sootr ki lanbaee, kaantoan ki sankhya adi ki vibhinnata ke karan danshakoshoan ke kee bhed kie jate haian.

peshyabhichchhadiy koshikaoan ke bich bich kuchh sanvedi koshikaean hoti haian, jo patali tatha ooanchi hoti haian aur jinake svatantr tal par anek sanvedi rom hote haian.

jaliyak (haidrozoa) varg ke bahm star mean jananakoshikaean bhi paee jati haian, kiantu chhatrik varg (skaiphozoa) tatha pushpajiv varg (eanthozoa) mean ye aantastar mean hoti haian. vrishanoan mean anek shukranoan ka nirman hota hai aur aandashayoan mean keval ek hi aandakoshika hoti hai.

aantastar (eandodarm) mean pray: tin hi prakar ki koshikaean paee jati haian. sankhya mean sabase adhik paanchashikoshikaean hoti haian. ye ranbhakar aur ooanchi hoti haian tatha inake svatantr taloan se kee kootapad nikalate haian. inake dvara ye un bhojanakanoan ka aantargrahan karati hai jo samudr mean pae jate haian. mithe (alavan) pani ke aantaraguhiyoan mean bahudha paanchashikoshikaoan mean shaival (elaji) pae jate haian. inake sath aantaraguhi ka sahajivan ka sanbandh hota hai.

poshikoshikaoan ke bich bich meean kuchh chhoti granthikoshikaean hoti haian, jinase pachak ras utpann hokar aantaraguha mean jata hai aur kuchh sima tak bhojan ke pachan mean sahayak hota hai. sanbhavat: isi ras ke karan jivit shikar avasann bhi hote haian.

madhyashlesh (mizogliya) ki rachana vibhinn hoti hai. bahudha yah patale shleshmak ke star jaisa hota hai, kuchh mean yah k di upasthi jaisa hota hai aur kuchh mean lagabhag taral. yah bina koshika ka hi hota hai, kiantu bahudha inamean kuchh svatantr koshikaean paee jati hai, jo bahm star ya aantastar se isamean a jati haian. kuchh aantaraguhiyoan mean koshikaoan ke atirikt anek tantu bhi pae jate haian, jo kabhi bhi peshiy prakriti ke nahian hote aur jinake kary ke vishay mean nishchayapoorvak kuchh kahana kathin hai.

upaniveshoan (koloniz) ka nirman tatha bahuroopata - jaliyak, svarnachhatrik, aaureliya, metridiyam tatha any samudraphool (ainimon) un aantaraguhiyoan mean haian jinaka pratyek sadasy svatantr, arthat ek doosare se prithakh‌ hota hai. kiantu sukumar (obiliya) ke palip mean kee jiv ek doosare se sanbaddh hokar rahate haian. inaki aantaraguhaean ek doosare se sanbandhit hoti haian; pratikriya mean bhi kuchh samanjasy hota hai aur yahi nahian, praniyoan ke bich tho da shram ka vibhajan bhi hota hai. mukhavale palip bhojan karate haian, chhatrik nirman nahian karate haian. mukharahit palip bhojan nahian grahan karate, chhatrik nirman karate haian. sukumar mean chhatrik bhi is jati ka ek alag roop hai. is prakar kam se kam tin roop ya sanrachanavale sadasy ek sukumar ki hi jati mean hue. kisi jati mean jab sadasy ek se adhik roopoan mean pae jate haian to isako bahuroopata kahate haian. chhatrik tatha palip ki bahuroopata pidhiyoan ke ekaantaran se sanbandhit hai, palip tatha kudmasanjiv (blastostail) ki bahuroopata upaniveshanirman ke karan hai. kee jatiyoan mean ek hi upanivesh mean kee prakar ke prani hote haian. jaliyak varg ke ninaladharagan (saifonofosh) mean bahuroopata ka jo vikas dekhane mean ata hai vah poore jantusansar mean kahian aur nahian dikhaee p data. udaharan ke lie, samudrashali (hailistema) varg mean kuchh sadasy chhote gubbare ke akar ke hote haian, jo vayu se bhare hone ke karan halake hote haian aur inhian ke karan poori basti ulati tairati hai, kuchh patti jaise chapate hote haian, kuchh samukh hote haian, kuchh mean sparshikaean bahut b di hoti haian aur bahudha mukh nahian hote, kuchh jananaangoan se yukt hote haian, kuchh bhinn roop ke sadasy hote haian. pushpajivi (eanthozoa) ya praval bananevale aantaraguhiyoan mean bahuroopata is sima tak vikasit ho gee hai ki kabhi kabhi yah sandeh hota hai ki ek hi basti ke vibhinn sharirik rachanavale prani vastav mean alag alag sadasy haian ya bahuvikasit aang, jo milakar ek bahuvikasit sadasy ki rachana karate haian. is prakar ninaladharagan (saifonofora) mean bahu-aang-siddhaant (arthat ye vibhinn roop aang haian, sadasy nahian) tatha bahu-sadasy-siddhaant (arthath‌ vibhinn roop sadasy haian, aang nahian) ki samasya ka praranbh ho gaya hai.

vargikaran - aantaraguhi ko tin vargo mean vibhajit kiya jata hai: jaliyakavarg (haidrozoa), chhatrikavarg (skaeefozoa) tatha pushpajivi (aianthozoa ya ektinozoa). jaliyakavarg ke aantargat jaliyak, sukumar tatha anek jiv ate haian, jinamean sadharanat: chhatrik tatha palit donoan roop pae jate haian. chhavikavarg mean chhatrik ka vikas hota hai, kiantu palip avikasit rah jata hai. isake aantargat jeli machhaliyaan rakhi jati haian. pushpajivi mean palip suvikasit hota hai, kiantu chhatrik anupasthit hota hai. is varg mean samudraphool, praval nirman karanevale aantaraguhi adi rakhe jate haian. pahale isamean ek chautha varg pakshavahi (tinofora) bhi rakha jata tha, kiantu ye jantu any aantaraguhiyoan se itane bhinn hote haian ki inako ab aantaraguhiyoan se alag ek prithak prasrishti mean hi rakha jata hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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