याक

thumb|300px|yak yak (aangrezi: Yak, vaijnanik nam: Bos Grunniens) tibbat ke thande tatha viran pathar, nepal aur bharat ke kuchh uttari ilakoan mean 8-10 hazar phit ki ooanchaee par paya jata hai. yah kala, bhoora, safed ya dhabbedar ho sakata hai. yak tibbat nivasiyoan ka mukhy dhan hai. usaki khal se ve apane lie ooni vastr banate haian. yak ke bal se striyaan tambuoan ke lie kap de taiyar karati haian. usake bal ki rassiyaan bahut mazaboot hoti hai. bojha dhone ke atirikt yak tibbat vasiyoan ko doodh, makkhan, panir, shikar, cham da, oon tatha gobar deta hai jinaka upayog ag tapane v bhojan banane mean kiya jata hai.

parichay

yak ka sharir ghane, lambe aur khuradare baloan se dhaka rahata hai. ja de ke mausam mean ye bal aur adhik ghane tatha lambe ho jate haian, is karan vah tibbat ke visham ja de mean, shoony se chalis digri se bhi kam tapaman mean, aram ke sath bahar rah jata hai. vayask yak chh: phut tak ooancha hota hai aur usaka vazan ek tan tak ho sakata hai. yak us ghas par jivit rahata haian, aur b de chav se khate hai, jise any pashu dekhana tak nahian chahate haian. jab paha di dhal par ghani barf jami hoti hai, to vah apane nukile siangoan se dabi ghas ke oopar ki barf ko hatakar ghas khoj leta hai aur ja de ke mausam mean jab pani jam jata hai to vah barf khakar apani pyas bujhata hai. is prakar kathin paristhitiyoan mean bhi vah maze se jivan nirvah karata hai.

prakriti ne use yah janane ki shakti di hai ki kisi barf ki jami huee satah usake bhar ko sahan kar sakegi ya nahian. shankit yatri aise sthal ke vishay mean nishchiant hone ke lie yak ko apane age hi rakhate haian. gho de ke saman yak bhi kabhi rasta nahian bhoolata hai, use uttam disha ka jnan hota hai. devasthaloan mean pooja ke samay moortiyoan ke sammukh hilaya jane vala chanvar yak ki hi dum ke baloan se banae jate hai, yak ko uttarakhand mean 'chanvari gay' kahate haian. saphed chanvar sarvottam mana jata hai. is par hindoo sone ya chaandi ka muththa chadha dete haian, jo devasthal tatha utsavoan ki shobha badhane ke lie hilaya-dulaya jata hai.

prakar

yak do prakar ke hote haian-

1. ghareloo
2. jangali

ghareloo yak chhote hote haian aur inake sharir par ghane bal hote haian aur shayad inaki utpatti jangali tibbati yak se huee thi. ghareloo yak ka istemal yatra aur saman dhone vale janavaroan ke roop mean kiya jata hai. yak ko usake doodh, maans, oon aur gobar ke lie moolyavan mana jata hai. jangali yak ko sabase jyada khatara aur nukasan shikariyoan se rahata hai. unaki vartaman sthiti asurakshit hai. jangali nar yak ka vajan 2200 pauand tak hota hai aur isaki ooanchaee 6.5 phut hoti hai. mada yak ki ooanchaee nar yak ki tulana mean ek-tihaee hoti hai.

kahaan pae jate haian

jangali yak alpain ghas ke maidan aur eshiya ke maidani bhagoan mean rahate haian. ye mukhy roop se uttari tibbat aur pashchimi kianghaee mean paye jate haian, isake alava ye sichuan, nepal, bhootan, jhianjiyaang ke sudoor dakshini bhag evan bharat mean laddakh mean bhi paye jate haian| ye kisi bhi any stanapayi ki tulana mean sarvadhik ooanchaee vale kshetroan mean rahate haian.

himalay ka ooant

ek yak ausatan 20 din tak barph khakar jivit rah sakata hai aur isaki tvacha aisi hoti hai ki yah lanbe samay tak mainas ziro digri ke tapaman mean bhi rah sakata hai. isi vajah se is pashu ko himalay ka ooant bhi kaha jata hai.

uttarakhand sarakar badrinath dham ki yatra karane vale shraddhaluoan ko yak par savari karane ka mauka de rahi hai. pashupalan vibhag, chamoli ne yatriyoan ke lie yah khas suvidha shuroo ki hai. kedaranath aur badrinath dham ke kapat khulane se pahale chamoli mean is khas suvidha ki shurooat hone ja rahi hai. pradesh sarakar dvara shuroo ki ja rahi is yojana ka mukhy uddeshy yak palan aur paryatan ko badhava dena hai. payalet projekt ke taur par badrinath yatra ki shurooat mean ek yak se yah suvidha shuroo ki jaegi. yojana ke karagar hone ke bad badrinath mean yak ki sankhya badhaee jaegi.

jila pashupalan vibhag, chamoli ke mutabiq is samay chamoli mean kul 13 yak haian. inamean se paanch nar haian aur ath mada haian. thand mean ye yak suraeethota kshetr mean rahate haian, vahian garmiyoan mean yak dronagiri kshetr mean rahate haian. poore uttarakhand mean kul milakar 67 yak haian, yak mukhyaroop se chamoli, pithauragadh aur uttarakashi mean rahate haian. yak par logoan ko savari karane ke lie uttarakhand sarakar is prayas ko b de star par lana chah rahi hai, kyoanki isaki madad se rajy mean rahane vale yuvaoan ko rojagar ka behatar sadhan mil sakata hai.

mahatvapoorn tathy

1. yak ke b de pheph de aur hriday rakt mean aauksijan ke vahan mean prabhavi roop se madad karate haian, jisake karan yah adhik ooanchaee par bhi asani se rah leta hai.
2. mada yak ke than (yak ki stan granthi) aur nar yak ke aandakosh ki thaili chhoti aur roeandar hoti hai jo thand se unaka bachav karati hai.
3. yak shakahari (pattiyoan aur ghas khane vale) hote haian. ve ghas, j di-booti, kaee, laiken, aur kand ko bhojan ke roop mean istemal karate haian. sardiyoan mean jangali yak pani ke lie barph ya barph ke gole par nirbhar rahate haian.
4. yak ke pair k dak aur khuradare hote haian jo unhean chattani ya barphile jamin par chalane mean madad karate haian.
5. sardiyoan mean jangali yak -40 digri se bhi kam tapaman mean jivit rah sakata hai.
6. ek jangali yak 6 se 8 sal ke bich apane poore akar tak pahuanchata hai.
7. yak ka sanbhog ka samay sitanbar mean hota hai evan 9 mahine ki garbhavastha ke bad har sal ek bachcha paida hota hai.
8. isake sookhe gobar ka prayog pe davihin tibbatiy pathar mean eeandhan ke roop mean kiya jata hai.
9. nepal ki sherapa prajatiyaan nar yak ko "yak" aur mada yak ko "nak" aur "dari" kahate haian.
10. yak ki cham di moti evan ooni baloan se dhanki hoti hai. yah bhoore, kale ya saphed rang ke ho sakate haian. isake sharir par sthit phar ka mukhy kary sharir ki garmi ko bahar nikalane se rokana aur bahari nimn tapaman se sharir ki raksha karana hai.
11. gayoan ki tarah, yak bhi nigalane se pahale apane bhojan ko bahut samay tak chabata hai.
12. sardiyoan ke dauran, yak apane siangoan ka prayog ek phav de ke roop mean karata hai aur barph ko khod kar apane lie chara dhoodhata hai.
13. yak shikariyoan ke khilaph apane bachav ke lie apane siang ka upayog karata hai. yak ke mukhy shikari tibbati bhe diye haian.
14. jangali yak 20 sal tak jivit rah sakate haian. palatoo yak jangali yak ki tulana mean kuchh adhik varshoan tak jivit rah sakate haian.
15. isake pas ek se adhik pet hota hai, jisaka istemal yah bhakshan kie ge paudhoan se sabhi poshak tatvoan ko avashoshit karane ke lie karata hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

bahari k diyaan

• yak se ju de rochak v dilachasp tathy

sanbandhit lekh

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