किरीटी (रोटिफ़ेरा)

kiriti (rotifera, Rotifera) svatantr roop se rahanevale chhote-chhote prani haian. inake sharir ke agale bhag mean ek romabh (Ciliary) aang hota hai, jisake romabh is tarah gati karate haian ki dekhanevale ko sharir ke age chakr (pahiya) chalata maloom p data hai. isiliye inhean pahiedar jantu (hvil ainimalakyool, Wheel animalcule) kahate haian. aangreji nam rotifera ka yahi tatpary haian. isilie is varg ka nam rotifera ya rotetoriya rakha gaya hai.

kirit adhikatar sadharan svachchh (alavan) jal mean rahate haian. kuchh khare pani mean rahate haian aur kuchh samudr mean bhi pae jate haian. kuchh prithvi par nam sthanoan par rahate haian aur kuchh kaee (Moss) ke paudhe ki pattiyoan ke aksh mean rahate haian. kuchh kiriti paropajivi bhi hote haian. ek jati ghoangha (Snail) ke aandoan par paropajivi hoti hai. is tarah kiriti ne vibhinn prakar ke nivasasthan apana rakhe haian. inaka vitaran bhi vistrit hai. ye sansar ke sabhi konoan mean pae jate haian.

bahy lakshan

kiriti metazoa mean kaphi chhote jantu haian. inaki lanbaee .04 se 2 milimitar tak hoti haian, parantu adhikatar kiriti .5 milimitar se lanbe nahian hote. ye protozoa se b de nahian hote, isalie praranbh mean log inako bhi protozoa man baithe the. itane chhote hote hue bhi inake sharir ke bhitar anek jatil iandriyatantr hote haian, jinhean bina sookshmadarshi yantr se nahian dekha ja sakata.

kiriti ka sharir lanbakar hota hai. adhyayan ke lie use tin bhagoan mean vibhajit kiya jata haian. pahala, age ka chau da bhag haian jisapar romabh aang hota haian. is bhag ko sar kahate hai aur romabh aang ko mukut (k aaurona, Corona). sar ke bad ka lanba bhag dh d kahalata hai aur tisare bhag ko dum (ya phut bhi) kahate haian. sadharanat: kiriti aise hi hote haian, parantu kuchh aise bhi haian jinhoanne vishesh roop dharan kar lie haian. kuchh thaili ke akar ke hote haian, kuchh gol hote haian (jaise trokosfiyara, Trochosphaera) aur kuchh chau de hote haian (jaise braikiyaansi, Brachioncy) aur kuchh lanbe patale hote haian, jaise (roteliya, Rotalia). kuchh kiritiyoan ka pyale jaisa sharir ek lanbe danthal dvara prithvi se ju da rahata haian. yadi kiriti ka sharir a da katakar dekha jae to pray: gol dikhaee p dega, parantu kuchh kiritiyoan mean parshviy tatha kuchh mean pratiprishthiy divarean chipati hoti haian. adhikatar kiriti dviparshv samamiti (Bialateral Synmetry) vale hote haian, parantu kuchhek bahari aangoan ke karan asamamit maloom p dane lagate haian. udaharan ke liye kisi mean pair ki do aanguliyoan mean se ek lanbi aur ek chhoti hoti haian. kuchh kiritiyoan ka sharir pratiprishthiy divar ki or jhuka rahata hai aur kisi mean poora sharir sarpil hota haian.

sharir halake pile rang ke avaran, bahyatvakh‌ ya kyootikil (Cuticle) se dhaka rahata hai. bahyatvak kuchh k da hota hai, isiliye sharir ka idhar-udhar mu dana sanbhav nahian hota. isilie koshikabhitti mean pray: valay hote haian. kabhi kabhi valay itane gahare hote haian ki sharir khandadar maloom hone lagata hai. kuchh kiritiyoan ke dh d ka bahyatvakh‌ visheshakar adhik mota aur k da ho jata hai. isako laurika kahate haian. vipatti ke samay sharir ka age ka bhag laurika ke bhitar sama jata haian. laurika ka bahyatvakh‌ sada hota hai ya usapar shatkoniy athava any namoone bane rahate haian.

kiriti ke sharir ke age ke bhag ko keval suvidha ke lie sar kaha jata hai. yah chau da hota hai aur samane chapata. kabhi kabhi samane ka bich ka bhag ubh da rahata haian. isake charoan or romabh hote haian. romabhayukt bhag ko mukut kahate haian aur usake madhy ke romabhavihin bhag ko aipikal phild (Apical field). aipikal fild par anek ubh de aang dikhalaee dete haian. inamean se kuchh aise hote hai jinapar niche sthit granthiyoan ki nalikaean khulati haian aur kuchh sanvedak hote haian jinapar k de bal hote haian. adhik kiritiyoan mean mukut golakar hota hai. kuchh jantuoan mean yah do piandakoan (lobs, lobes) mean banta rahata hai. danthal se prithvi par anurakt rahanevale kiritiyoan mean mukut pyale ki shakl ka hota hai aur usaka svatantr bhag kee piandakoan mean vibhajit rahata haian. delayad mean dvipiandaki (bai lobd, bilobed) mukut ke bich mean ek pramukh ubha d hota hai, jisaka upayog vah prithvi ya paudhe adi ki satah par chalanean mean karata haian (dekhean chitr pri.14). is ubha d ko rostram kahate haian.

karona ke romabh ek sath is prakar gati karate haian ki samane pani ki laharean ban jati haian. yah jal ki laharean khady padarth ke jal mean tairate hue tuk de muanh tak le ati haian aur khady padarth ya to muanh mean chala jata haian ya use mukhaang pak d lete haian. anek kiritiyoan mean romabh bhojan prapt karane ke mukhy sadhan hote haian aur any sabhi kiritiyoan mean ye bhojanaprapti mean sahayata dete haian. mukut dvara paida ki gee jal ki laharoan se any labh bhi haian. ye janavaroan ke charoan or ka pani badalati rahati haian jisase janavar ko taja aksijan milata rahata haian. svatantr roop se tairanevale kiritiyoan mean romabh unhean tairane mean sahayata dete haian. jal ki laharean sharir ke nikat ekatr hue utsarjit (ekskritari, excretory) padarth baha le jati haian.

muanh mukut ke madhy mean pratiprishthiy rekha ki or hota hai. isake niche ka aipikal phild ka bhag kuchh utha rahata hai, mano vah nichala oth ho. kisi kisi kiriti ke ainikal phild mean aankhean bhi hoti haian. adhikatar kiritiyoan mean aankhean mastishk par sthit hoti haian. aankhean ya to do hoti haian ya ek. kisi kiriti mean aankh tuand (rostram, rostrum) par bhi sthit hoti hai. aankh dekhane mean chhote lal chihn ki bhaanti hoti haian.

dh d lanbakar hota hai ya anek prakar se chapata. yah sada hota hai ya varmika (Lorica) yukt. varmika sadi hoti hai ya usapar anek namoone bane rahate haian. kisi kisi mean varmika par kaante bhi hote haian. paidaliya namak kiriti par b de b de kaante hote haian jo sharir ke chalayaman piandakoan par sthit rahate haian. dh d par kuchh vishesh sparshaang hote haian. inamean ek jo da sharir ke donoan bagal mean hota haian. ise parshviy shrriangika prishthiy (laitaral aianteni, lateral antennae) kahate haian. ek shrriangika prishthiy tal par hoti haian. ise prishthiy shrriangika (d aaurasal aiantena, dorsal antenna) kahate haian. jis sthan par dh d aur dum milate haian vahaan madhyaprishthiy (mid-d aaursal, mid-dorsal) rekha par maladvar ya guda sthit haian. dh d pichhe ki or patala hota jata haian aur dum mean mil jata hai (dekhean chitr pri. 14). kuchh kiritiyoan mean, visheshakar mukutayukt kiritiyoan mean, dh d aur dum bilkul alag maloom p date haian (dekhean chitr pri. 14).

kuchh kiritiyoan mean dum chhoti aur kuchh mean b di hoti haian. dum ke bahyatvakh‌ par gahare valay hote haian jisase vah kee khandoan ki bani huee maloom p dati hai. kiriti dum ki sahayata se tal par reangate haian aur tairate samay dum patavar ka kary karati haian. prithvi se ju de rahanevale kiriti mean dum lanb danthalakar ho jati hai aur jantu ko prithvi se jo de rahati haian. dum ke aant mean ek se char tak nanhean nanhean chalayaman aang hote haian. jinhean aanguli ya to (toes) kahate haian. ye chhote, tikone hote haian, ya patale, lanbe kaante jaise. aanguliyoan ke siroan par dum ke bhitar sthit granthiyoan ki nalikaean khulati haian. ye granthiyaan chipachipa padarth paida karati haian, jo chalate (reangate) samay aanguliyoan ko satah se chipakane karata haian.

kiriti pray: paradarshi hote haian. koee koee kuchh halake pile lagate haian. yah isalie ki bahyatvakh‌ ya bahari avaran ka rang pila-sa hota hai. bhoore, lal ya narangi rang ke kiriti bhi milate haian. yah rang khae hue bhojan ka hota hai jo paradarshi se jhalakata haian.

kiriti mean laiangik dviparoota (seksual daim aaurfijm, Sexual dimorphism) bhi milati haian. keval do vargoan (playama aur siyasoneshiya) mean nar tatha nari donoan ek jaisi hoti haian. shesh sab mean nar chhota aur nari b di hoti haian. nar ki banavat bhi sadharan hoti haian. delayad namak ek gan (aaurdar) ke kiritiyoan mean nar milate hi nahian. keval nariyaan paee jati haian aur inamean anishekajanan (parathinajenisas, Parthenogenesis) dvara bachche paida hote haian.

aantarik rachana

sharir ki divar tatha aantarangoan ke bich ke sthan ko syoodosilom (Pseudo-coelome) kahate haian. keanchue ya meandhak jaise janavaroan mean is sthan ka silom (Coelome) kahate haian. silom mean sharir ki divar ke aandar ki or madhyajanastar (misodarm, Mesoderm) ki ek parat hoti hai aur usi ki ek parat aantaragoan par. is tarah silom madhyajanastar ke bich ki guha hai aur syoodosilom mean madhyajanastar ki paratean nahian hoti. syoodosilom ek taral padarth se bhari rahati haian. isamean kuchh b di-b di shakhadar koshikaean (sel) bhi hoti haian. isamean shakhaean ek patala jal-sa bana dalati hai. ye koshikaean kadachith‌ kitanuoan ko kha dalati haian. isalie inako faigosait (Phagocyte) kahate haian. kuchh logoan ka yah bhi vichar hai ki yah utsarjan mean sahayata deti haian.

pachanaang

muanh se praranbh hokar aharanal guda par bahar khulati hai. muanh patale mukh nal (bakal tyoob, Buccal tube) mean khulata hai aur mukhanal grasani (fairins, Pharynx) mean. kiriti ki grasani sare jantujagath‌ mean vilakshan hai. yah b di maansal thaili hoti hai. isake bhitar ka astar, jo bahyacharm ka bana hota hai, bhojan chabane ka ek jatil upakaran hai. isake maistaiks kahate haian. is upakaran ke sat bhag hote haian jinhean trafaee (Trophi) kahate haian. jivit avastha mean trofaee pray: sada gati karate haian aur prishthi praniyoan ke dil (hriday) ki bhaanti maloom p date haian. sadharan vyakti isake hriday samajh baithate haian. trofaee jab doan ka kary karate haian. bhojy padarth, jo karate hue jab doan ki laharoan ke sath akar aharanal mean pahuanch pis jate haian. grasani ki divar se laragranthiyaan sanbandhit hoti haian. yah pachak lar ko aharanal mean pahuanchati haian. yah ras pisate hue bhojy padarth se milakar pachan kriya poora karata haian. grasani grasanali (eesofegas, Oesophagus) mean khulati hai. isaki lanbaee bhinn-bhinn kiritiyoan mean bhinn-bhinn hoti hai. grasanali amashay mean khulati hai. yah chau di thaili ki bhaanti hoti hai. amashay pichhe ki or patala hota jata hai aur aantr (iantestain, Intestine) mean parivartit ho jata hai. aantr ke aantim bhag ko pray: avaskar (Cloaca) kahate haian. isalie ki isamean utsargi tantr ki nalikaean aur aandavahini (ovidakt, Oviduct) khulati haian.

shvasan (respireshan, Respiration)

shvasan ke lie kiriti mean vishesh aang nahian hote. sharir ke charoan or jal rahata haian. isi jal mean ghule hue aksijan ka sharir ki divar ki koshikaoan mean visaran (diphyoojan, Diffusion) ho jata haian.

utsarjan (Excretion)

naitrojan-yukt mal ko bahar nikalane ke lie kiriti mean utsarjan tantr hota hai. do mukhy utsarjan nalikaean hoti haian, jo sharir ke parshviy bhagoan mean hoti haian. age se ek doosari se ju di rahati haian. in utsarjan nalikaoan ko protonephradiyal, (Pretonephridal) nalika kahate haian. pratyek protonephradiyal nalika mean do se k. stefainosir aaus (Stephanoceros) namak kiriti. yah ek skandh dvara prithvi mean chipaka rahata hai aur skandh pair ki granthiyoan se nikale hue ras ki bani thaili se dhaka rahata hai. kh. taigue, skandhavala kiriti. isake skandh par ek aanda chipaka hua hai. g. limaniyas (Limnias) isaka valay (Corona) dvipiandakiy hai. gh. anek limaniyas ek doosare ke sath samooh mean. n. pedailiya (Pedalia) isaka sharir kee chalayaman piandakoan se bana hota hai. in piandakoan par lanbe-lanbe kaante hote haian. ch. delayad (Bdelloid) ka age ka bhag (bagal se). isamean tuand (rostram) spasht hai. j. sharir ki divar ki kat (sekshan). jh. pair ya dum. isake aandar granthiyaan haian, jinaki nalikaean bahar ki or khulati haian; aanguliyaan bhi spasht haian. ath tak phlem balb namak aang khulate haian. lattoo jaise ye aang syoodoyilom ke taral padarth se naitrojan yukt padarth sokh lete haian aur use protonephradiyal nalika dvara bahar nikal dete haian. donoan tarah ki nalikaoan se milakar ek nali banati haian, jo kloeka mean khulati hai aur klaek bahar khulati hai.

tantrikatantr (Nervous System)

mastishk ki pratinidhi ek b di dvipiandakiy guchchhika bailobd gaiangliaaun (Bilobed ganglion) hai, jo grasani (maistaiks, Mastax) ke prishthiy or rahati hai. isase anek tantrikaean nikalati haian, jo sharir ke vibhinn bhagoan mean sanbandh sthapit karati hai. tantrika tantr sharir ki gati tatha any kriyaoan aur abhikriyaoan par niyantran rakhata hai.

kiriti ke sharir mean anek prakar ki jnaneandriyaan hoti haian. inamean aankhean pramukh haian jinaka ullekh pahale ho chuka hai. inaka kary prakash bodh. lagabhag sabhi kiritiyoan mean parshviy shrriangikaean hoti haian. isi tarah prishthiy tal par mastishk ke oopar ek, ya ek jo di shrriangika hoti hai. ise prishthiy shrriangika kahate haian. mukut (karona) par bhi anek jnaneandriyaan hoti haian, visheshakar haidetaina (Hydatina)aur sinachita adi mean.

jananaang (ripr aaudaktiv argans)

nar aur nari alag alag hote haian. adhik sankhya mean nariyaan dikhalaee deti haian. nar keval prajanan kal mean hi dikhalaee p date haian. nar mada se 1. 10 chhote hote haian. mada ka jananapiand ek aandashay hai. isase ek nali, aandavahini, nikalakar klaeka mean khulati hai. kisi kisi delayad mean aandashay ka ek jo da hota hai. nar jananapiand ek b di thaili jaisa vrishan (testis, Testes) hota hai. isase ek nali bahar khulati hai. is nali ko shrukavahini kahate haian. shukravahini ki nali mean aandar romabh hote haian. usamean ek jo da (ya adhik) prostet granthiyaan khulati haian. shukravahini ka aantim bhag aisa hota hai ki vah ulatakar bahar nikal ata hai aur maithun ke lie sirras (Cirrus) ka kary karata haian.

maithun ke samay sirras nari ke kloeka mean dal diya jata hai aur shukranu vahaan chho d die jate haian. kiriti mean is yathakram dhang ka upayog kam jantu karate haian. adhik sankhya mean kiriti sirras ko sharir ki divar pha dakar bhitar dal dete haian aur syoodosil mean shukranu chho date haian. is kriya ko haipodarmik ipregneshan kahate hai.

shukranu aande ke paripakv hone ke pahale usamean pravesh kar jate haian. usake bad aand ka avaran k da ho jata hai aur pray: kaantedar, danedar ya any namoonevala ho jata hai. sansechan ke anantar parivardhan praranbh hota haian . kuchh samay uparaant nanhean bachche nikalate haian. svatantr roop se tairanevale kiritiyoan mean bachche roop rang evan akar mean vayaskoan jaise hote haian. ve kuchh hi dinoan mean paripakv ho jate haian. nar janm ke samay hi paripakv hote haian, isilie jitane b de is samay hote hai jivan bhar utane hi b de rahate haian. danthal se ju de rahanevale kiritiyoan ke bachche bhi svatantr roop se tairanevale hote haian. kuchh samay bad apane pad (phut) ki sahayata se ve tal se lag jate haian aur pad lanba hokar danthal bana deta haian.

vargikaran

kiriti ya rotiphera varg (klas, class) ke jivoan ko tin ganoan mean vibhajit kiya gaya hai. inake nam haian siyasonida, del aauyadiya aur m aaunogonauanta. inamean se aantim gan mean sabase adhik kiriti haian. inamean sabase kam vikasit siyasonida samudr mean rahanevale kiriti ka chhota gan hai. del aauyadiya adhikatar dekhane mean ate haian. inaka mukut paravarti (ritraiktail, Retractile) hota hai aur do piandakoan mean vibhajit rahata haian . inamean par nahian hote, keval nariyaan milati haian. inamean prajanan anishekajanan kriya dvara hota haian, arthath‌ parivardhan, ke liye aande ko sansechan ki avashyakata nahian hoti. shesh sab tairanevale, arthath‌ danthal dvara prithvi se ju de rahanevale, kiriti m aaunogonauanta gan mean haian. inamean nar chhote hote haian aur unake ek vrishan hota haian. yah gan tin upakaranoan mean vibhajit haian. inake nam haian:

• playama, arthath‌ tairanevale prani;
• phlor-kooleriyemiya, tairanevale ya prithvi se ju de kiriti;
• kaulothikeshiya, adhikatar prithvi se ju de rahanevale kiriti, jinaka agala bhag pyale ke akar ka hota hai, keandriy muanh hota hai tatha pray: romabh ke sthan par k aaurona mean b de-b de achalayaman kaante hote haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh