कुश्ती का इतिहास
kushti ka itihas
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| vivaran | 'kushti' ek prakar ka dvandvayuddh hai, jo bina kisi shasr ki sahayata ke keval sharirik bal ke sahare l da jata hai. |
| shuruat | kushti ka aranbh sanbhavat: us yug mean hua, jab manushy ne shastroan ka upayog nahian jana tha. us samay is prakar ke yuddh mean pashu bal hi pradhan tha. pashu bal par vijay pane ke lie manushy ne vividh prakar ke daanv peanchoan ka prayog sikha hoga aur usase mall yuddh athava kushti ka vikas hua hoga. |
| sadasy | do (2) |
| sthal | b da maidan |
| shreniyaan | phlaee vet, baiantem vet, phedar vet, lait vet, veltar vet, midil vet, lait hevi vet, hevi vet. |
| bharatiy pahalavan | gama pahalavan, dara sianh, guru hanuman, satapal sianh, sushil kumar pahalavan, dhiraj thakaran. |
| sanbandhit lekh | 'bhimaseni', 'hanumanti', 'jaanbavanti', 'jarasandhi, 'phri stail kushti', 'soomo kushti', 'amarikan phri stail mallayuddh', 'shvianjen mallayuddh' adi. |
| any janakari | puranoan mean kushti ka ullekh mallakri da ke roop mean milata hai. in ullekhoan se jnat hota hai ki isake prati un dinoan vishesh akarshan aur adar tha. vishisht utsav prasangoan par raja log mallayuddh ka ayojan kiya karate the aur prasiddh malloan ko amantrit karate the. |
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kushti poore vishv mean khele jane vale pramukh kheloan mean se ek hai. yah khel iansani damakham ko pradarshit karata hai. kushti ka aranbh sanbhavat: us yug mean hua hoga, jab manushy ne shastroan ka upayog jana n tha. us samay is prakar ke yuddh mean pashu bal hi pradhan tha. pashu bal par vijay pane ke lie manushy ne vividh prakar ke daanv-peanchoan ka prayog sikha hoga aur usase 'mall yuddh' athava 'kushti' ka vikas hua hoga.
vikas
misr mean nil nadi ke tat par sthit beanne-hasan ki shav-samadhi ki divaroan par mallayuddh ke anek drishy aankit haian. unase anuman hota hai ki lagabhag 3000 varsh eesa poorv misr mean mallayuddh ka poorn vikas ho chuka tha. kuchh logoan ki dharana hai ki isaka vikas bharatavarsh mean vaidik kal mean hua hoga, kiantu vaidik sahity mean svasthy vardhan aur shaktisanchay ke nimitt, asan, pranayam adi yaugik kriyaoan ke sath ghu dasavari, rathoan ki dau d, shastrastroan ke abhyas ke ullekh to milate hai; kiantu usamean mallayuddh ki kahian koee charcha nahian hai. at: is desh mean isaka aranbh vaidik kal ke bad hi kisi samay hua hoga.[1]
pauranik ullekh
'ramayan' aur 'mahabharat' mean kushti ki paryapt charcha huee hai. ramayan se bali-sugriv ka yuddh aur mahabharat se bhim-duryodhan ke yuddh ka ullekh udaharan svaroop diya ja sakata hai. is prakar ke dvandvayuddh ki apani ek naitik sanhita thi, aisa in yuddhoan ke varnan se prakat hota hai. usake viruddh acharan karane vala niandaniy mana jata tha. shrikrishna ke sanket par bhim dvara jarasandh ki sandhiyoan ke chire jane aur duryodhan ki jaangh par prahar karane ki nianda logoan ne ki hai.
mallayuddh ka ayojan
puranoan mean isaka ullekh mallakri da ke roop mean milata hai. in ullekhoan se jnat hota hai ki isake prati un dinoan vishesh akarshan aur adar tha. vishisht utsav prasangoan par raja log mallayuddh ka ayojan kiya karate the aur prasiddh malloan ko amantrit karate the. mallakri da aranbh hone se poorv dhanuryajn hota tha, jisamean mall logoan ko apani shakti ka parichay dene ke lie ek bhari dhanush ki pratyancha khianchakar chadhani hoti thi. aise hi ek utsav prasang par mathura ke raja kans ne krishna aur balaram ko amantrit kar unaki hatya ka sh dayantr kiya tha, kiantu krishna-balaram ne kans ke mall chanoor aur mushtik ko apane mall kaushal se parajit kar diya tha. isi prakar jin dinoan paandav chhadmavesh mean virat nagari mean rah rahe the, un dinoan vahaan brahmotsav ka ayojan hua tha. usamean bhim ne jimoot namak mall ko parast kiya tha.
bharatiy mallayuddh paddhati ka samanvay
madhy kal mean muslim samrajy aur sanskriti ke prasar ke sath bharatiy mallayuddh paddhati ka muslim deshoan ki yuddh paddhati ke sath samanvay hua. yah samanvay vishesh roop se mugal kal mean hua. babar madhy eshiya mean prachalit kushti paddhati ka kushal aur balashali pahalavan tha. akabar bhi is kala ka achchha janakar tha. usane uchchakoti ke malloan ko rajashray pradan kar kushti kala ko protsahit kiya. vah samanvayavadi samrat tha. usane sabhi kshetroan mean hindoo tatha muslim sanskritiyoan mean samanjasy lane ka prayatn kiya. phalat: kushti kala bhi usaki udar niti se vanchit nahian rahi. usi samay se kushti ko rajy sanrakshan prapt hota raha. mugal senaoan mean kushti l dane vale pahalavanoan ka vishesh samman tha.
vijayanagar naresh krishnadev ray ke rajadarabar mean nity mallayuddh ka pradarshan hota tha. peshava parivar ke log mallayuddh pravin the, aisa tatkalin alekhoan se jnat hota hai. thamas brautan namak aangrez sainik adhikari ne daulatarav siandhiya ke sainikoan ke bich mallavidya ke prachar ka vistrit varnan kiya hai. peshava kal mean sriyaan bhi mallayuddh mean bhag leti thian aur ve is kala mean itani pravin hoti thian ki ve purushoan ko chunauti deti thian aur purush parajit hone ki ashanka se unaki chunauti svikar karane mean sankoch karate the.[1]
jatak kathaoan mean ullekh
jatak kathaoan mean bhi kushti ke ullekh prapt hote haian. unamean akha de, akha de ke samane prakshakoan ke baithane ki jagah, usaki sajavat, mallayuddh adi ke sanbandh mean vistrit janakari prapt hoti hai. 'vinayapitak' mean ullikhit ek prasang se jnat hota hai ki striyaan bhi mallayuddh mean bhag leti thian. usamean shevati namak ek malli ke bhikshuni ho jane ka ullekh hai. jainiyoan ke prasiddh granth 'kalpasootr' se jnat hota hai ki raja log bhi kushti mean bhag lete the.
vishuddh vyayam aur khel
shatruta nivaran ke is dvandv yuddh ne vishuddh vyayam aur khel ka roop le liya hai. is khel athava vyayam se sharir ke sabhi snayu evan iandriyaan sabal aur karyaksham hoti haian. is khel ki kala se parichit vyakti kam shakti vala hokar bhi adhik shaktishali vyakti par vijay prapt kar sakata hai. kushti se n keval sharir banata hai, varanh manasik vikas bhi hota hai aur atmavishvas badhata hai. dhairy, anubhavashilata, chapalata adi anek batean paida hoti haian.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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