गुजरात का भूगोल
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gujarat ko tin bhaugolik kshetroan mean baanta gaya hai jaise-
- saurashtr prayadvip- jo moolatah ek paha di kshetr hai, bich-bich mean madhyam ooanchaee ke parvat haian.
- kachchh- jo poorvottar mean uja d aur chattani hai. vikhyat kachchh ka ran isi kshetr mean hai.
- gujarat ka maidan- jo kachchh ke ran aur aravali ki paha diyoan se lekar daman ganga tak phaili hai.
gujarat ki sabase ooanchi choti girinar paha diyoan mean sthit gorakhanath ki choti hai, jo 1117 mitar ooanchi hai. gujarat ki jalavayu ooshn pradeshiy aur manasooni hai. varsha ki kami ke karan is pradesh mean retili aur baluee mitti payi jati hai. pradesh mean poorv ki or uttari gujarat mean varsha ki matr 50 semi tak hoti hai. isake dakshin ki or madhy gujarat mean mitti kuchh adhik upajaoo hai tatha jalavayu bhi apekshayata ardr hai. varsha 75 semi tak hoti hai. narmada, tapti, sabaramati, sarasvati, mahi, bhadar, banas, aur vishvamitr is pradesh ki suparichit nadiyaan haian. kark rekha is rajy ki uttari sima se hokar gujarati hai, atah yahaan garmiyoan mean khoob garmi tatha sardiyoan mean khoob sardi p dati hai. shaharikaran ki prakriya ne rajy ke vibhinn kshetroan mean vibhinn kuchh svaroop dharan kie haian. rajy ka sarvadhik shaharikrit kshetr ahamadabad-vadodara audyogik patti hai. rashtriy rajamarg sankhya-8 ke kinare uttar mean ooanjha se dakshin mean vapi ke audyogik maidan mean ek vrihadanagariy kshetr[1] ubhar raha hai. saurashtr krishi kshetr mean kramik basav pranali ko dekha ja sakata hai, jabaki uttar aur poorv ke bahy kshetroan mean bikhari huee chhoti-chhoti bastiyaan haian, jo shushk, parvatiy ya vanachchhadit kshetr haian. adivasi janasankhya inhian simaant anutpadak kshetroan mean keandrit hai.
sima kshetr
bharat ke pashchimi tat par sthit pashchim mean arab sagar, uttar tatha uttar-poorv mean kramashah pakistan tatha rajasthan dakshin- poorv mean madhy pradesh tatha dakshin mean maharashtr hai.
bhoo-akriti
[[chitr:Rann-Of-Kachchh-9.jpg|thumb|250px|kachchh ka ran, kachchh, gujarat]] gujarat atyadhik vishamata vala rajy hai. isake pashchimi tat aur muanbee (bhootapoorv banbee) ke uttar mean nam urvar chaval utpadak maidanoan se lekar pashchimottar mean kachchh ke lagabhag varshavihin lavaniy registan haian. kachchh zila dakshin mean kachchh ki kha di tatha uttar v poorv mean pakistan v mukhy bharatiy bhoomi se kachchh ke ran dvara vibhajit hai, jisaka varnan lagabhag 20,720 varg kimi kshetr mean vistrit ek vishal lavaniy daladal ke roop mean behatar tarike se kiya ja sakata hai. 'varsha ke mausam mean, chahe kitani bhi kam varsha kyoan n huee ho, ran mean badh a jati hai.' aur kachchh ek dvip mean parivartit ho jata hai; shushk mausam mean yah aandhiyoan se bhara ek retila namakin maidan hai. kachchh ke dakshin mean kathiyava d (saurashtr) ka ek b da prayadvip hai, jo kachchh ki kha di aur khanbhat ki kha di ke bich mean hai. yah bhi ek banjar kshetr hai, jisake samudr tat se oopar uthate hue keandr mean viral jha didar vanoan vala nichala laharadar parvatiy kshetr hai. yahaan ke pramukh nagar apekshakrit urvar kshetr mean sthit haian, jo pahale chhote-chhote rajyoan ki rajadhani the. yahaan ki mitti zyadatar nimn koti ki hai, jo kee prakar ki prachin ravedar chattanoan se vyutpann hai, lekin utkrisht bhavan nirman mean kam ane vala porabandar ka patthar rajy ke moolyavan utpadoan mean ata hai. mausami naloan ke alava nadiyaan nahian haian. prayadvip ke dakshini kinare par bhootapoorv purtagali kshetr div hai. poorvottar gujarat mukhyat: chhote maidanoan aur chhoti-chhoti paha diyoan vala kshetr hai. rajy ka uchchatam biandu giranar ki paha di (1,117 mitar) mean hai. yahaan varsha kam hoti hai. aur janavari mean tapaman lagabhag himaank biandu tak pahuanch jata hai, jabaki garmi ke mausam mean tapaman 48 se darj kiya gaya hai. yahaan ki fasaloan mean mukhyat: jvar-bajara aur tho di matra mean kapas hai.
jalavayu
madhy gujarat ke dakshini hisse mean varsha dar adhik aur tapaman mean aantar kam hai; aur mitti zyada upajaoo hai, jo aanshat: dakkan kshetr ke baisalt chattanoan se vyutpann huee hai. is kshetr ka kendr vadodara (b dauda) shahar hai, jo pahale ek samriddh aur shaktishali rajy ki rajadhani tha aur jisaka dakshini hissa ab vadodara zila hai. yahaan ki mahattvapoorn nadi narmada hai, jo khanbhat ki kha di mean girati hai. narmada aur tapi (tapti) nadi dvara gad jama kie jane ke karan khanbhat ki kha di ki gaharaee kam ho gee hai aur yahaan ke bhootapoorv bandaragahoan ka patan ho gaya.
dakshini gujarat mean bharooch aur soorat zile apani urvar mitti aur uchch qism ki kapas ki fasaloan ke lie prasiddh haian. tapi nadi poorv disha se gahari khaiyoan se hokar soorat se guzarati hai. dakshini gujarat ka poorvi hissa paha di hai. vastav mean, pashchimi ghat ke uttari vistar ke karan varshayukt grishm manasooni havaoan se atyadhik barish hoti hai. isase age dakshin mean parvat vanachchhadit haian. isi kshetr mean chhota deang zila hai. tatiy maidanoan mean jalavayu mean lagabhag samanata rahati hai yahaan 2,000 mimi ke lagabhag varsha hoti hai. [[chitr:Gir-Forest-National-Park-3.jpg|thumb|250px|left|gir van rashtriy udyan]] gujarat mean vanakshetr matr 10 pratishat hai, jo manaviy gatividhiyoan ke sath-sath kam varsha ko pratibianbat karati hai. apekshakrit shushk kshetroan mean jha didar jangal pae jate haian, jahaan babool akakiya, karil, bharatiy ber aur datuni jha diyaan[2] paee jane vali pramukh prajatiyaan haian. 1,016 mimi varshik varsha dar vali kathiyava d uchchabhoomi aur poorvottar mukhyabhoomi mean sagaun, kattha, goand (baikaligam), kili vriksh aur bangal kino[3] jaise parnapati vriksh pae jate haian. parnapati van apekshakrit nam dakshini aur poorvi paha diyoan mean kendrit haian. inase mulayam tomeantosa (ghan-rom), veangaee padauk (mahogani jaisa), malabar simal aur hridayakar pattiyoan vale adina jaisi kimati lak diyaan prapt hoti hai. kathiyava d ka pashchimi tat shaival ke lie jana jata hai, jabaki poorvi tat se papairas ya patera paudha (saiperas papairas) paya jata hai.
kathiyava d ke gir rashtriy udyan mean eshiyaee prajati ki ekamatr jati bharatiy sianh hai. kachchh ke chhote ran ke pas ek abhayarany mean shesh bache hue bharatiy jangali gadhe pae jate haian. ahamadabad ke nikat ka nalasarovar pakshi abhayarany saiberiya ke maidanoan v any sthanoan se shit rritu mean lagabhag 140 prakar ke pravasi pakshiyoan ko apani or akarshit karata hai. inamean saras, brahmani battakh, sonachiraiya, pelikan, panakauva, aibis, lakalak (st aaurk), bagula aur vak shamil haian. bharat mean kachchh ka ran hansavar (flemiangau) ka ekamatr prajanan sthal hai. gujarat mean samudri aur mithe pani ki machhaliyaan pak di jati haian. pak di jane vali machhaliyoan mean p aaumfre s aaulaman, hilsa, jyoofish (saiena), jhianga, b aaumbe dak (khady machhali) aur tyoona machhali shamil haian.
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