दिगम्बर
digambar jain dharm ke do pramukh matoan mean se ek, jinake dharmik muni koee vastr nahian pahanate aur sanpatti ko tyag dete hai. 'shvetambar' namak doosare mat ke muni safed kap de pahanate haian. madhyakalin bharat mean digambaroan ka paryapt prabhav tha. digambar, shvetambar ke dharmik granth sahity ko manyata nahian dete, lekin yah manate haian ki praranbhik sahity dhire-dhire bhula diya gaya aur doosari shatabdi tak vah poori tarah kho gaya tha.
jain dharm ka vibhajan
'digambar' ek sanskrit shabd hai, jisaka shabdik arth hai 'nagn'. kaha jata hai ki maury samrat chandragupt maury ke kal mean ganbhir akal ke samay jain muniyoan ke ganga nadi ya ujjain se dakshin ki or chale jane ke karan hi jain dharm do shakhaoan 'digambar' tatha 'shvetambar' mean bant gaya tha. pravasi muniyoan ke pramukh bhadrabahu ne is par bal diya ki purushoan ko koee vastr nahian pahanana chahie aur is prakar unhoanne aantim tirthankar ya moksh prapt karane vale shikshak mahavir dvara prastut udaharan ka anusaran kiya.
uttar bharat mean hi rah ge muniyoan ke pramukh sthoolabhadr ne safed rang ke vastr pahanane ki anumati di. am yug ki shurooat ke samay digambar aur shvetambar is bat par aantat: alag ho ge ki kya sanpatti (yahaan tak ki vastr bhi) rakhane vale kisi muni ke lie moksh prapt karana sanbhav hai? halaanki donoan gutoan dvara ki gee jain dharm ke darshanik siddhaantoan ki vivechana mean koee ullekhaniy aantar nahian hai aur dharmik anushthanoan, granthoan aur sahity mean samay ke sath matabhed utpann hote rahe haian, lekin dharmik sthanoan ke svamitv ko lekar bahut-se vivad uthe, jo aj bhi vidyaman haian.
shakhaean
jain dharm ki digambar shakha mean tin shakhaean haian-
- mandiramargi
- moortipoojak
- terapanthi
manyataean
nirvastr rahane ke alava digambaroan ki kuchh aisi manyataean haian, jinase shvetambar matabhed rakhate haian, yatha-
- poorn sant (kevalin) ko jivit rahane ke lie bhojan ki avashkata nahian
- mahavir ne kabhi vivah nahian kiya
- koee mahila, purush ke roop mean punarjanm lie bina moksh prapt nahian kar sakati
- sabhi tirthankaroan ki moorti banate samay unhean nagn, abhooshanahin aur niche ki or drishti kie hue dikhana chahie.
anuyayi
dakshin bharat mean madhyakalin yug mean digambaroan ka praryapt prabhav tha. lekin yah kam hota gaya, kyoanki us kshetr mean hindoo bhaktivad, shaivavad aur vaishnavavad badhane laga tha. digambar mat pramukh roop se dakshin maharashtr, karnatak aur rajasthan jaise rajyoan mean adhik prachalit hai aur isake 10 lakh anuyayi haian.
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