जैन पुराण साहित्य

bharatiy dharmagranthoan mean 'puran' shabd ka prayog itihas ke arth mean ata hai. kitane vidvanoan ne itihas aur puran ko pancham ved mana hai. chanaky ne apane arthashastr mean itivritt, puran, akhyayika, udaharan, dharmashastr tatha arthashastr ka samavesh kiya hai. isase yah siddh hota hai ki itihas aur puran donoan hi vibhinn haian. itivritt ka ullekh saman hone par bhi donoan apani apani visheshata rakhate haian. itihas jahaan ghatanaoan ka varnan kar nirvrit ho jata hai vahaan puran unake parinam ki or pathak ka chitt akrisht karata hai.

sargashch pratisargashch vansho manvantarani ch.
vanshanucharitanyev puranan panchalakshanamh॥

jisamean sarg, pratisarg, vansh, manvantar aur vansh-paramparaoan ka varnan ho, vah puran hai. sarg, pratisarg adi puran ke paanch lakshan haian. tatpary yah ki itivritt keval ghatit ghatanaoan ka ullekh karata hai parantu puran mahapurushoan ke ghatit ghatanaoan ka ullekh karata hua unase prapt phalaphal puny-pap ka bhi varnan karata hai tatha vyakti ke charitr nirman ki apeksha bich-bich mean naitik aur dharmik shikshaoan ka pradarshan bhi karata hai. itivritt mean jahaan keval vartaman ki ghatanaoan ka ullekh rahata hai vahaan puran mean nayak ke atit aur anagat bhavoan ka bhi ullekh rahata hai aur vah isaliye ki janasadharan samajh sake ki mahapurush kaise bana ja sakata hai. avanat se unnat banane ke liye kya-kya tyag, paropakar aur tapasyaean karani p dati haian. manav ke jivan-nirman mean puran ka b da hi mahattvapoorn sthan hai. yahi karan hai ki usamean janasadharan ki shraddha aj bhi yathapoorv akshunn hai.

vaidik parampara mean puranoan aur up-puranoan ka jaisa vibhag paya jata hai vaisa jain parampara mean nahian paya jata. parantu yahaan jo bhi puran-sahity vidyaman hai vah apane dhang ka nirala hai. jahaan any puranakar pray: itivritt ki yatharthata ko surakshit nahian rakh sake haian vahaan jain puranakaroan ne yatharthata ko adhik surakshit rakha hai. isiliye aj ke nishpaksh vidvanoan ka yah spasht mat hai ki prakkalin bharatiy sanskriti ko janane ke liye jain puranoan se unake katha granth se jo jnan prapt hota hai, vah asamany hai. yahaan katipay digambar jain puranoan aur charitroan ki soochi is prakar hai-

kramaank - purananam - karta - rachanakal

1.- padmapuran - padmacharit - achary ravishen - 705

2.- mahapuran - adipuran - achary jinasen - nauvian shati

3.- puran - gunabhadr - 10vian shati

4.- ajit - puran - arunamani - 1716

5.- adipuran - (kann d) - kavi panp --

6.- adipuran - bhattarak - chandrakirti - 17vian shati

7.- adipuran - bhattarak - sakalakirti - 15vian shati

8.- uttarapuran - bh0 sakalakirti - 15vian shati

9.- karnamrit - puran - keshavasen - 1608

10.- jayakumar - puran - br0 kamaraj - 1555

11.- chandraprabhapuran - kavi agasadev - --

12.- chamund puran - (k0) chamundaray - sh0 san0 980

13.- dharmanath puran - (k0) kavi bahubali - --

14.- neminath puran - br0 nemidatt - 1575 ke lagabhag

15.- padmanabhapuran - bhattarak shubhachandr - 17vian shati

16.- pumachariu - (apabhransh) - chaturmukh dev --

17.- pumachariu - svayanbhoodev --

18.- padmapuran - bh0 somaten -

19.- padmapuran- bh0 dharmakirti - 1656

20.- padmapuran -(apabhransh) - kavi ridhoo - 15-16 shati

21.- padmapuran - bh0 chandrakirti - 17vian shati

22.- padmapuran - brahm jinadas - 13-16 shati

23.- pandav puran - bh0 shubhachandr - 1608

24.- pandav puran - (apabhransh) - bh0 yashakirti - 1497

25.- pandav puran - bh0 shribhooshan - 1658

26.- pandav puran - vadichandr - 1658

27.- parshvapuran - (apabhransh) - padmakirti - 989

28.- parshvapuran - kavi ridhoo - 15-16 shati

29.- parshvapuran - chandrakirti - 1654

30.- parshvapuran - vadichandr - 1658

31.- mahapuran - achary mallishen - 1104

32.- mahapuran - (apabhransh) - mahakavi pushpadant --

33.- mallinathapuran - (k) kavi nagachandr --

34.- puranasar - shrichandr --

35.- mahavirapuran (vardhaman charit) - asag 910

36.- mahavir puran - bh0 sakalakirti - 15vian shati

37.- mallinath puran - sakalakirti - 15vian shati

38.- munisuvrat puran - brahm krishnadas --

39.- munisuvrat puran - bh0 surendrakirti --

40.- vagarthasangrah puran - kavi parameshthi - a0 jinasen ke mahapuran se prakh

41.- shantinath puran - asag - 910

42.- shantinath puran - bh0 shribhooshan - 1658

43.- shripuran - bh0 gunabhadr --

44.- harivanshapuran - punnat sanghiy - jinasen - sh0 san0 705

45.- harivanshapuran - (apabhransh) - svayanbhoodev -

46.- harivanshapuran - tadaiv - chaturmukh dev

47.- harivanshapuran - brahm jinadas - 15-16 shati

48.- harivanshapuran - tadaivh bh0 - yash:kirti - 1507

49.- harivanshapuran - bh0 shrutakirti - 1552

50.- harivanshapuran - mahakavi ridhoo - 15-16 shati

51.- harivanshapuran - bh0 dharmakirti - 1671

52.- harivanshapuran - kavi ramachandr - 1560 ke poorv

• inake atirikt charit-granth haian, jinaki sankhya puranoan ki sankhya se adhik hai aur jinamean varangacharit, jinadattacharit, jamboosvamicharit, jasahar chariu, nagakumar chariu, adi kitane hi mahattvapoorn granth sammilit haian. inamean ravishen ka padmapuran, jinasen ka mahapuran (adipuran), gunabhadr ka uttar puran aur punnat sanghiy jinasen ka harianvashapuran vishrut aur sarvashreshth puran mane jate haian, kyoanki inamean puran ka poorn lakshan ghatit hota hai. inaki rachana puran aur kavy donoan ki shaili se ki gee hai.

adipuran

achary jinasen (9vian shati) dvara pranit adi (pratham) tirthankar rrishabhedev tatha unake suyogy evan vikhyat putr bharat evan bahubali ke puny charit ke sath-sath bharatiy sanskriti tatha itihas ke mool srotoan evan vikas kram ko alokit karanevala anyatr mahattvapoorn puran granth hai. jain sanskriti evan itihas ke janane ke liye isaka adhyayan anivary hai. yah puran granth ke sath ek shreshth mahakavy bhi hai. vishay pratipadan ki drishti se yah dharmashastr, rajanitishastr, siddhantashastr aur arshagranth bhi mana gaya hai. manav sabhyata ki ady vyavastha ka pratipadak hone ke karan ise antarrashtriy khyati prapt hai. manav sabhyata ka vikas-kram, vibhinn samoohoan mean usaka vargikaran, dharm vishesh ke dharmik sanskar adi anek ayamoan ki isamean vishad roop se vivechana ki gee hai. sanskrit evan vibhinn bharatiy bhashaoan ke paravarti kaviyoan ke liye yah margadarshak raha hai. uttaravarti granthakaroan ne apane granthoan mean 'taduktan arshe' in mahattvapoorn shabdoan ke sath udaharan dete hue apane granthoan ki garima vriddhiangat ki hai. vastav mean adipuran sanskrit sahity ka ek anupam granth hai. aisa koee vishay nahian hai jisaka isamean pratipadan n ho. yah puran hai, mahakavy hai, dharmashastr hai, rajanitishastr hai, achar shastr hai aur yug ki ady vyavastha ko batalane vala mahan itihas hai. achary jinasen ne is granth ko 'mahapuran' nam se rachane ka sankalp kiya tha. parantu asamay mean jivan samapt ho jane se unaka vah sankalp poorn nahian ho saka. yah adipuran mahapuran ka poorv bhag he. isase isaka doosara nam 'poorvapuran' bhi prasiddh hai. isaki prarambh ke 42 parvoan aur 43vean parv ke 3 shlokoan tak ki rachana ayary jinasen ke dvara huee hai. unake dvara chho da gaya sheshabhag unake prabuddh shishy achary gunabhadr ke dvara racha gaya hai, jo 'uttar puran' nam se prasiddh hai.

puranakatha aur kathanayak

• mahapuran ke katha nayak mukhyataya pratham tirthankar adinath haian aur samanyataya trishashtishalaka purush haian. 24 tirthankar, 12 chakravarti, 9 narayan, 9 balabhadr aur 9 pratinarayan ye 63 shalaka purush kahalate haian. inamean se adipuran mean pratham tirthankar shri vrishabhadev aur unake putr pratham chakravarti bharat ka hi varnan hai. any shalakapurushoan ka varnan gunabhadrachary virachit uttarapuran mean hai. achary jinasen ne jis riti se pratham tirthankar aur bharat chakravarti ka varnan kiya hai, yadi vah jivit rahate aur usi riti se any kathanayakoan ka varnan karate to yah mahapuran sansar ke samast puranoan aur kavyoan mean mahan hota.
• bhagavanh vrishabhadev is avasarpini (avanati) kal ke 24 tirthankaroan mean pratham tirthankar haian. tritiy kal ke ant mean jab bhogabhoomi ki vyavastha nasht ho chuki thi aur karmabhoomi ki rachana ka prarambh honevala tha, us sandhi kal mean ayodhya ke antim kulakar-manu shri nabhiraj ke ghar unaki patni marudevi se inaka janm hua. ap janm se hi vilakshan pratibha ke dhari the. kalpavrikshoan ke nasht ho jane ke bad jab bina boye upajane vali dhan ka upajana bhi band ho gaya tab log bhookh-pyas se vyakul ho shri nabhiraj ke pas pahuanche. nabhiraj sharanagat logoan ko shri vrishabhadev ke pas le gaye. logoan ki karunadasha dekh unaki antaratma dravibhoot ho gayi. unhoanne avadhijnan se videh kshetr ki vyavastha janakar yahaan bhi bharatakshetr mean asi, mashi, krishi, vidya, vanijy, aur shilp-in shatkarmoan ka upadesh kar us yug ki vyavastha ko sukhadayak banaya.
• pita nabhiraj ke agrah se unhoanne kachchh evan mahakachchh rajaoan ki bahanoan yashasvati aur sunanda ke sath vivah kiya. unhean yashasvati se bharat adi sau putr tatha brahmi namak putri ki prapti huee aur sunanda se bahubali putr aur sundari namak putri ki upalabdhi huee. garhasth dharm ka nirvah kiya. jivan ke ant mean unhoanne pravrajya-grihatyag kar tapasya karate hue kaivaly prapt kiya tatha sansar-sagar se par karanevala paramarthik (mokshamarg ka) upadesh diya. tritiy kal mean jab tin varsh ath mah aur 15 din baki the, tab kailash parvat se nirvan prapt kiya.

uttarapuran

• mahapuran ka poorvarddh adipuran tatha uttarapuran uttar bhag hai. uttarapuran mean dvitiy tirthankar shri ajitanath se lekar antim tirthankar mahavir tak 23 tirthankaroan, bharat ko chho dakar shesh 11 chakravartiyoan, 9 balabhadroan, 9 narayanoan aur 9 pratinarayanoan ka charitr chitran hai. yah 43 vean parv ke chauthe shlok se lekar 47vean parv tak gunabhadrachary ke dvara rachit hai. gunabhadrachary ne prarambh mean apane guru jinasenachary ke prati jo shraddha-suman prakat kiye haian ve b de marmasparshi haian. athavean, solahavean, baeesavean, teeesavean aur chaubisavean tirthankaroan ko chho dakar any tirthankaroan ke charitr yadyapi atyant sankshep mean likhe gaye haian, parantu varnan shaili ki madhurata se vah sankshep bhi ruchikar pratit hota hai. is granth mean n keval pauranik kathanak hi hai kintu kuchh aise bhi sthal haian, jinamean siddhant ki drishti se samyagdarshanadi ka aur darshanik drishti se srishti kartritv adi vishayoan ka bhi vishesh vivechan hua hai.
• isaki rachana vankapur mean huee thi. yah vankapur sv0 pan. bhujabali shastri ke ullekhanusar poona, beangaloor relave lain mean harihar steshan ke samip varli haveri relave jankshan se 15 mil par dharava d zile mean hai. vahaan shak sanvath 819 mean gunabhadrachary ne ise poora kiya tha. adipuran mean jinasenachary ne 67 aur uttarapuran mean gunabhadrachary ne 16 sanskrit chhandoan ka prayog kiya hai. 32 akshar vale anushtuph shlok ki apeksha adipuran aur uttarapuran ka granth pariman bis hazar ke lagabhag hai. uttarapuran ki prastavana mean isaka pariman spasht kiya hai.
• shalakapurushoan ke sivay uttar puran mean lokapriy jivandhar svami ka bhi charitr diya gaya hai. ant mean utsarpini-avasarpini kal ka varnan evan mahavir svami ki shishy-parampara ka bhi varnan vishesh jnatavy hai.
• uttarapuran ke bhi susampadit evan sanuvad tin sanskaran bharatiy jnanapith, dilli se prakashit ho chuke haian. isake bhi sanpadak aur anuvadak da. (pan.) pannlal sahityachary sagar hai, jo svayan is lekh ke lekhak haian.

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