आर्सेनिक
- REDIRECTsaancha:Infobox element
arsenik (aangrezi:Arsenic) rasayan ki avart sarani ke pancham mukhy samooh ka ek tatv hai. arsenik ki sthiti ph aausphoras ke niche tatha aiantimani ke oopar hai. arsenik mean adhatu ke gun adhik aur dhatu ke gun kam vidyaman haian. is dhatu ko upadhatu (metal aauyad) ki shreni mean rakha jata hai. arsenik se niche aiantimani mean dhatugun adhik haian tatha usase niche bismath poornaroopen dhatu hai. pancham mukhy samooh mean niche utarane par dhatugun mean vriddhi hoti hai.
arsenik salphaid ka pata bahut pahale lag chuka tha. kautily ne apane 'arthashastr' mean isaka varnan kiya hai. usamean is ayask ka nam harital hai. prachin kal mean isaka upayog hastalikhit pustakoan mean ashuddh lekh ko mitane ke lie kiya jata tha. yoonaniyoan ne arsenik salphaid ka adhyayan eesavi se chauthi shatabdi poorv kiya tha. 13vian shatabdi mean prasiddh karyakarta ailabartas maiganas ne salphaid ayask ko sabun ke sath garm karake ek dhatu se milata julata padarth banaya. sanh 1733 ee. mean braiant ne yah siddh kiya ki arsenik ek tatv hai. sanh 1817 ee. mean svidan desh ke prasiddh vaijnanik barjiliyas ne isaka paramanu bhar nikala.
upasthiti
yaugik avastha mean arsenik prithvi par anek sthanoan mean paya jata hai. jvalamukhi ke vashpoan mean, samudr tatha anek khanijiy jaloan mean yah mishrit rahata hai. arsenik ke mukhy ayask aauksaid tatha salphaid haian. kahian-kahian yah tatv any dhatuoan ke sath yaugik roop mean milata hai, mukhyat: silvar, aiantimani, tamr, lauh aur kobalt ke sath arsenik yaugik banata hai.
arsenik rasayan ki avartasarani ke pancham mukhy samooh ka ek tatv hai. isaki sthiti phasaphoras ke niche tatha aiantimani ke oopar hai. arsenik mean adhatu ke gun adhik aur dhatu ke gun kam vidyaman haian. is dhatu ko upadhatu (metal aauyad) ki shreni mean rakha jata hai. arsenik se niche aiantimani mean dhatugun adhik haian tatha usase niche bismath poornaroopen dhatu hai. pancham mukhy samooh mean niche utarane par dhatugun mean vriddhi hoti hai.
arsenik ki kuchh visheshataean nimnaankit haian : sanket : a (aantararashtriy rridm hai) paramanu aank 33 paramanu bhar : 74.96 ar¸ ¸ + ayan ka ardhavyas : 0.69´10-8 seantimitar galanaank : 820° seantigred (36 vayumandal dab par) vidyutpratirodhakata : 3.5´10-5 (ohm-seantimitar) 20° sean. par arsenik salphaid ka pata bahut pahale lag chuka tha. kautily ne apane 'arthashastr' mean isaka varnan kiya hai. usamean is ayask ka nam harital hai. prachin kal mean isaka upayog hastalikhit pustakoan mean ashuddh lekh ko mitane ke lie kiya jata tha. yoonaniyoan ne arsenik salphaid ka adhyayan eesavi se chauthi shatabdi poorv kiya. 13vian shatabdi mean prasiddh karyakarta ailabartas maiganas ne salphaid ayask ko sabun ke sath garm karake ek dhatu se milata julata padarth banaya. sanh 1733 ee. mean braiant ne yah siddh kiya ki arsenik ek tatv hai. sanh 1817 ee. mean svidan desh ke prasiddh vaijnanik barjiliyas ne isaka paramanu bhar nikala.
upasthiti-yaugik avastha mean arsenik prithvi par anek sthanoan mean paya jata hai. jvalamukhi ke vashpoan mean, samudr tatha anek khanijiy jaloan mean yah mishrit rahata hai. arsenik ke mukhy ayask aksaid tatha salphaid haian. kahian-kahian yah tatv any dhatuoan ke sath yaugik roop mean milata hai, mukhyat: silvar, aiantimani, tamr, lauh aur kobalt ke sath arsenik yaugik banata hai.
gunadharm-sadharan tap par arsenik ke do bhinn-bhinn apar roop hote haian, ek dhoosar rang ka arsenik tatha doosara pila arsenik.
dhoosar rang ka arsenik aparadarshi hai. isake manibh shatkoniy, kathor, bhangur tatha dhatu ki chamak lie hote haian. isaka apekshik ghanatv 5.7 hai. yah arsenik tatv ka sthayi roop hai.
pila arsenik paradarshi hota hai. isake manibh ghanakar tatha namr hote haian. isaka apekshik ghanatv 2.0 hai. yah asthayi apar roop hai. karban dvisalphaid mean arsainik vilayan se pila arsenik manibhikrit kiya jata hai. pile apar roop ko garm karane ya prakash mean rakhane se vah dhoosar roop mean parinat ho jata hai. kuchh utprerak pil apar roop ko bhoore apar roop mean parivartit kar dete haian.
arsenik ke anu 800° seantigred tak ar4 tatha tatha 1700° seantigred par ar2 roop mean milate haian.
arsenik tatv mean upachayak (aksidaiziang) tatha apachayak (ridyoosiang) donoan hi gun vidyaman haian. yah aksijan, phlorin, klorin, bromin, ayodin, gandhak, potaisiyam kloret tatha naitet dvara upachayit (aksikrit) ho jata hai. isake viparit sodiyam, potaisiyam tatha any kshariy dhatuean arsenik ko upachayit karati haian. jin avasthaoan mean vah yaugik banata hai unake anusar arsenik ki do, tin tatha paanch sanyojakataean haian, haidrojan ke sath araha3 yaugik banata hai, jo sadharan tap par gaisiy, rangahin, vishaila tatha asthayi hota hai. araha3 athava arsenik haidraid ek shaktishali apachayak hai. yah tap ya prakash dvara vighatit ho jata hai.
kshar, kshariy mridaean (ailkailain arths) tatha kuchh any dhatuean jaise yashad, elyoominiyam adi arsenik ke sath yaugik banati haian. ye pratikriyeanan arsenik ke adhatu gunadharm ki pushti karati hai.
arsenik aml ka sootr ar (auha)3 athava ha3 aur auai3 hai. kshar dvara is aml ke kriyatmak lavan arsenait kahalate haian. arsenik aksaid athava sankhiya ka sootr ar4 au6 hai. yah yaugik kee apar roopoan mean milata hai aur shaktishali sanchayi (akyumyuletiv) vish hai.
klorin, bromin tatha ayodin ke sath arsenik trisanyojakiy yaugik banata hai. in yaugikoan ka vighatan bahut kam hata hai. is karan inamean lavan ke gun nahian haian.
arsenik ke paanch pradhan yaugik aksaid ar2au5, arsenik aml ha3aau4 tatha usase bane arsinet salphaid ar2g5, aur phloraid araphlo5 haian.
arsenik ke karbanik vyutpann bhi banae ge haian, jinamean (kaha3)3 ar, (kaha3)4 ar klo, (kaha3)2 ar--ar (kaha3)2 aur (kaha3)2ar auauha mukhy haian.
gunatmak vishleshan mean arsenik ko salphaid ke roop mean parad, vang (raanga), aiantimani adi ke sath alag karate haian. arsenik ke yaugik adhikatar vishaile hote haian. isalie isaki sookshm matra mean upasthiti ki pahachan karana, vilayan tatha gais donoan roopoan mean, avashyak ho sakata hai. arsenait ka vilayan taanbe dvara apachayit ho jata hai. taanbean ke tuk de ko vilayan mean dalane se usapar arsenik ki kali parat chha jati hai. araha3 athava arsin ka vashp silvar naitret ko upachayit kar deta hai. arsin ka vashp garm nali mean arsenik ki kali tah jama deta hai; is pariksha ko marsh ki pariksha kaha jata hai.
upayog-arsenik aksaid arsenik ka sabase upayogi yaugik hai. yah taanbe, sise tatha any dhatuoan ke ayask se sahajat ke roop mean nikala jata hai. arsenik aksaid any arsenik yaugikoan ke nirman mean kam ata hai. isaka upayog kaanch banane tatha cham de ki vastuean surakshit karane mean hota hai. is kam mean led arsenait, kailsiyam arsenait aur taanbe ke karbanik arsenait ka vishesh upayog hota hai. arsenik ke kuchh any yaugik varnakoan (rangoan) ke lie vishesh upayogi hote haian.
arsenik ka upayog mishr dhatuoan ke nirman mean bhi hota he. sise mean ek pratishat arsenik dalane se usaki pushtata badh jati hai. is mishran ka upayog chharre banane mean hota hai. taanbe ke sath tho di matra mean arsenik milane par usaka aksikaran tatha ksharan ruk jata hai.
arsenik ke yaugik pray: vishaile hote haian. ve sharir ki koshikaoan mean pakshaghat (pairalisis) paida karate haian tatha aant diyoan aur ootakoan ko hani pahuanchate haian. arsenik khane par sirapi da, chakkar tatha vaman adi lakshan utpann hote haian. kuchh vyaktiyoan ka vichar hai ki arsenik sookshm matra mean labhakari hota hai. at: usake anek karbanik tatha akarbanik yaugik raktalpata, tantrikavyadhi, gathiya, maleriya, prameh tatha any rogoan ke upachar mean prayukt hote haian. visheshakar prameh ke upachar mean salavarasan ka upayog hota hai, jo arsenik ka karbanik yaugik arsaphinamin haidrokloraid hai. isaqi sanrachana nimnalikhit hai :
arsenik yaugik udaravish hote haian. is karan ve pattiyaan khanevale kitanuoan ko nasht karane mean upayogi hote haian. kailsiyam arsinet tamatar ke ki de nasht karata he. led arsinet phal, phool tatha any hari tarakariyoan ke ki doan ko nasht karata hai. un phaloan tatha tarakariyoan ko, jinapar arsenik yaugikoan ka chhi dakav hua ho, achchhe prakar se dhokar khana chahie.
utpadan-arsenik aksaid ko kok (tapaya hua patthar ka koyala) dvara apachayit karake arsenik tatv ka banaya jata hai. kuchh arsenik yaugikoan ko garm karane par unaka vighatan ho jata hai. is prakar ki arsenik tatv roop mean banaya jata hai. achchha tatha shuddh manibh arsenik pane ke lie tap ka niyantran avashyak hai.[1]
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ hindi vishvakosh, khand 1 |prakashak: nagari pracharini sabha, varanasi |sankalan: bharat diskavari pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 444 |
sanbandhit lekh
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| H | He | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Li | Be | B | C | N | O | F | Ne | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Na | Mg | Al | Si | P | S | Cl | Ar | ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| K | Ca | Sc | Ti | V | Cr | Mn | Fe | Co | Ni | Cu | Zn | Ga | Ge | As | Se | Br | Kr | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Rb | Sr | Y | Zr | Nb | Mo | Tc | Ru | Rh | Pd | Ag | Cd | In | Sn | Sb | Te | I | Xe | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Cs | Ba | La | Ce | Pr | Nd | Pm | Sm | Eu | Gd | Tb | Dy | Ho | Er | Tm | Yb | Lu | Hf | Ta | W | Re | Os | Ir | Pt | Au | Hg | Tl | Pb | Bi | Po | At | Rn | ||||||||||
| Fr | Ra | Ac | Th | Pa | U | Np | Pu | Am | Cm | Bk | Cf | Es | Fm | Md | No | Lr | Rf | Db | Sg | Bh | Hs | Mt | Ds | Rg | Cn | Uut | Uuq | Uup | Lv | Uus | Uuo | ||||||||||
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