आलोचना
alochana ya samalochana kisi vastu athava vishay ki, usake lakshy ko dhyan mean rakhate hue, usake gun-doshoan evan upayuktatata ka vivechan karane vali sahityik vidha hai. hindi alochana ki shuruat 19vian sadi ke uttarardh mean bharatendu yug se hi mani jati hai.
arth tatha paribhasha
'alochana' shabd 'luch' dhatu se bana hai. 'luch' ka arth hai 'dekhana'. samiksha aur samalochana shabdoan ka bhi yahi arth hai. aangrezi ke 'kritisijm' shabd ke samanarthi roop mean 'alochana' ka vyavahar hota hai. sanskrit mean prachalit 'tika-vyakhya' aur 'kavy-siddhantaniroopan' ke lie bhi alochana shabd ka prayog kar liya jata hai, kintu achary ramachandr shukl ka spasht mat hai ki adhunik alochana, sanskrit ke kavy-siddhantaniroopan se svatantr chiz hai. alochana ka kary hai kisi sahityak rachana ki achchhi tarah pariksha karake usake roop, gun aur arthavyastha ka nirdharan karana.
d aauktar shyamasundar das ne alochana ki paribhasha in shabdoan mean di hai-
"yadi ham sahity ko jivan ki vyakhya manean to alochana ko us vyakhya ki vyakhya manana p dega."
arthath alochana ka kartavy sahityak kriti ki vishleshanaparak vyakhya hai. sahityakar jivan aur anabhuv ke jin tatvoan ke sanshleshan se sahity rachana karata hai, alochana unhian tatvoan ka vishleshan karati hai. sahity mean jahaan ragatatv pradhan hai, vahaan alochana mean buddhi tatv. alochana aitihasik, samajik, rajanitik paristhitiyoan ka bhi akalan karati hai aur sahity par unake p dane vale prabhavoan ki vivechana karati hai. vyaktigat ruchi ke adhar par kisi kriti ki ninda ya prashansa karana alochana ka dharm nahian hai. kriti ki vyakhya aur vishleshan ke lie alochana mean paddhati aur pranali ka mahattv hota hai. alochana karate samay alochak apane vyaktigat rag-dvesh, ruchi-aruchi se tabhi bach sakata hai, jab paddhati ka anusaran kare, vah tabhi vastunishth hokar sahity ke prati nyay kar sakata hai. is drishti se hindi mean ramachandr shukl ko sarvashreshth alochak mana jata hai.
prakar
alochana karate samay jin manyataoan aur paddhatiyoan ko svikar kiya jata hai, unake anusar alochana ke prakar vikasit ho jate haian. samanyat: samiksha ke char prakaroan ko svikar kiya gaya hai-
- saiddhantik alochana
- nirnayatmak alochana
- prabhavabhivyajank alochana
- vyakhyatmak alochana
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