कोसी नदी
thumb|250px|kosi nadi
Kosi River
| chitr:Disamb2.jpg kosi | ek bahuvikalpi shabd hai any arthoan ke lie dekhean:- kosi (bahuvikalpi) |
kosi nadi ganga ki sahayak nadi hai, jo nepal ke paha doan se nikal kar nepal aur bihar mean bahati huee rajamahal (bihar) ke nikat ganga mean mil jati hai. ise bihar ka shok bhi kaha jata hai.
yah nadi nepal aur uttari bharat mean bahati hai. yah nadi apani sahayak nadiyoan ke sath kosi nepal ke poorvi tisare hisse v tibbat ke kuchh hisse ko apavahit karati hai, jisamean mauant evarest ke asapas ka kshetr shamil haian. isaki kuchh praranbhik dharaean nepal ki sima ke par tibbat se nikalati hai. bharat-nepal sima se lagabhag 48 kimi uttar mean kosi mean kee pramukh sahayak nadiyaan milati haian aur yah sankare chhatr mahakhadd se shivalik ki paha diyoan se hote hue dakshin disha mean mu d jati hai. isake bad kosi nadi uttar bharat ke vishal maidan mean bihar mean avatarit hokar ganga nadi ki or badhati hai, jahaan yah lagabhag 724 kimi ki yatra ke bad poorniya ke dakshin mean ganga se milati hai. lagatar bhari matra mean malaba bahakar jama karate rahane ke karan uttari bharat ke vishal maidan mean kosi ki apani koee sthayi dhara nahian hai.
saptakosi
kosi nadi himalay parvatamala mean prayah 7000 mitar ki ooanchaee se apani yatra shuroo karati hai jisaka oopari jalagrahan kshetr nepal tatha tibbat mean p data hai. duniya ka sabase ooancha shikhar mauant evarest tatha kanchanajangha jaisi parvatamalaean kosi ke jalagrahan kshetr mean ati haian. nepal mean ise saptakosi ke nam se janate haian jo ki sat nadiyoan indravati, sunakosi ya bhot kosi, taanba kosi, likshu kosi, doodh kosi, arun kosi aur tamar kosi ke sammilit pravah se nirmit hoti hai. inamean pahali paanch nadiyoan ke sanyog se sunakosi ka nirman hota hai aur yah pashchim se poorv ki or bahati hai. yah nadiyaan gauri shankar shikhar tatha makaloo parvatamala se hokar ati haian. chhathi dhara arun kosi ki hai jisake jalagrahan kshetr mean sagar matha (maunt evarest) avasthit hai. satavian dhara poorab se pashchim ki or bahane vali tamar kosi hai jo ki kanchanajangha parvatamala se pani lati hai. is tarah sunakosi, arun kosi tatha tamar kosi nepal ke dhanakutta jile mean triveni nam ke sthan par akar mil jati haian aur yahian se isaka nam saptakosi, mahakosi ya kosi ho jata hai. triveni paha doan ke bich sthit hai aur yah sthan chatara se, jahaan kosi maidan mean pravesh karati hai, prayah das kilomitar uttar mean p data hai.[1]
kosi ka rukh
kosi nadi ki apani koee sthayi dhara nahian thi kyoanki tatabandh banakar nadi ki dhara ko niyantrit disha di gee. kosi nadi ki dhara badal di gee isalie bihar mean pralayankari badh ki sthiti paida huee hai. bihar mean badh ke karan sthiti ganbhir bani huee hai. darasal itane b de paimane par aee badh ki vajah hai kosi nadi ka apana rasta badalana.
tatabandh ka itihas
- british sarakar ne tatabandh nahian banane ka faisala isalie kiya tha kyoanki agar tatabandh tootega to kshati hogi aur usaki bharapaee karana zyada mushkil sabit hoga.
- lekin azadi ke bad bharat sarakar ne nepal ke sath samajhauta kar ke 1954 mean tatabandh banane ka faisala kiya.
- tatabandh banakar nadi ki dhara ko niyantrit disha di gee.
tatabandh ka mahattv
- chhatr mahakhadd ke ar-par baraka kshetr mean sthit baandh badh par niyantran rakhata hai.
- badh ke maidanoan mean sianchaee ki suvidha pradan karata hai.
- panabijali upalabdh karata hai .
- machhali palan keandroan ko adhar pradan karata hai.
- kosi besin ki balua mitti mean vyapak paimane par makka ki kheti ki jati hai.
- lanbe samay se kosi nadi apani vinashakari badhoan ke lie kukhyat rahi hai, kyoanki isaka pani chaubis ghanto mean nau mitar tak badh jata hai. uttari bihar ke vishal kshetr tak nivas ya krishi ke lie asurakshit ho jate haian par tatabandh ki madd se ise bachaya gaya hai.
tatabandh ki kshamata
tatabandh banate samay abhiyantaoan ne anuman kiya tha ki yah nau lakh ghan fut prati sekeand (kyoosek) pani ke bahav ko bardasht kar sakega aur tatabandh ki ayu 25 varsh aanki gee thi .
tatabandh se hoti kshati
kosi par bana tatabandh 7 bar toot chuka hai aur is badh se kafi tabahi bhi huee hai. tatabandh tootane ka ek b da karan kosi nadi ki talahati mean tezi se gad jamana hai. isake karan jalastar badhata hai aur tatabandh par dabav p data hai.
| varsh | sthan | bahav |
|---|---|---|
| 1963 | dalaba (nepal) | 13 hazar kyoosek |
| 1968 | jamalapur (bharat) | 9 lakh 13 hazar kyoosek |
| 1991 | joganiya (nepal) | |
| 2008 | kushaha (nepal) | 1 lakh 44 hazar kyoosek |
tika tippani aur sandarbh
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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