भारत की नदियाँ

rrigvaidikakalin nadiyaan

prachin nam	adhunik nam

krubhu	kurram
kubha	kabul
vitasta	jhelam
askini	chinav
purushni	ravi
shatudri	satalaj
vipasha	vyas
sadanira	gandak
drishadvati	ghagghar
gomati	gomal
suvastu	svat
siandhu	sindh
sarasvati / drishadvarti	ghaghghar / rakshi / chittag
sushoma	sohan
maroodvridha	maroovarman

bharat ki nadiyoan ka desh ke arthik evan saanskritik vikas mean prachinakal se hi mahattvapoorn yogadan raha hai. sindhu tatha ganga nadiyoan ki ghatiyoan mean hi vishv ki sarvadhik prachin sabhyataoan - sindhu ghati tatha ary sabhyata ka arvibhav hua. aj bhi desh ki sarvadhik janasankhya evan krishi ka jamav nadi ghati kshetroan mean paya jata hai. prachin kal mean vyaparik evan yatayat ki suvidha ke karan desh ke adhikaansh nagar nadiyoan ke kinare hi vikasit hue the tatha aj bhi desh ke lagabhag sabhi dharmik sthal kisi n kisi nadi se sambaddh hai. bharat ki nadiyoan ko char samoohoan mean vargikrit kiya ja sakata hai jaise :-

• himalay se nikalane vali nadiyaan
• dakshin se nikalane vali nadiyaan
• tatavarti nadiyaan
• aantardeshiy naloan se droni kshetr ki nadiyaan

himalay se nikalane vali nadiyaan

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

himalay se nikalane vali nadiyaan barf aur gh‍leshiyaroan ke pighalane se bani haian at: inamean poore varsh ke dauran niranh‍tar pravah bana rahata hai. m aaunasoon mah ke dauran himalay kshetr mean bahut adhik vrishti hoti hai aur nadiyaan barish par nirbhar haian at: isake ayatan mean utar chadhav hota hai. inamean se kee ash‍thayi hoti haian. tatavarti nadiyaan, visheshakar pashchimi tat par, lanbaee mean chhoti hoti haian aur unaka simit jalagrahan kshetr hota hai. inamean se adhikaansh ash‍thayi hoti haian. pashchimi rajasthan ke aantardeshiy nala droni kshetr ki kuchhh‍ nadiyaan haian. inamean se adhikaansh ash‍thayi prakriti ki haian. himachal se nikalane vali nadi ki mukhh‍y pranali siandhu, ganga, brahmaputr aur meghana nadi ki pranali ki tarah hai.

siandhu nadi

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

[[chitr:Sindhu-River-1.jpg|thumb|150px|sindhu nadi]] vishh‍v ki mahan, nadiyoan mean ek hai, tibbat mean manasarovar ke nikat se nikalati hai aur bharat se hokar bahati hai aur tath‍pashh‍chath pakistan se ho kar aur aantat: karachi ke nikat arab sagar mean mil jati hai. bharatiy kshetr mean bahane vali isaki sahayak nadiyoan mean sataluj (tibh‍bat se nikalati hai), vh‍yas, ravi, chinab, aur jhelam hai.

ganga

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

[[chitr:Ganga-River-Varanasi.jpg|thumb|150px|ganga nadi, varanasi]] brahmaputr meghana ek anh‍y mahath‍vapoorn pranali hai jisaka up droni kshetr bhagirathi aur alakananda mean haian, jo devaprayag mean milakar ganga ban jati hai. yah uttaraanchal, uttar pradesh, bihar aur p.bangal se hokar bahati hai. rajamahal ki pahadiyoan ke niche bhagirathi nadi, jo purane samay mean mukhh‍y nadi hua karati thi, nikalati hai jabaki padbha poorab ki or bahati hai aur baangladesh mean pravesh karati hai.

brahmaputr

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

[[chitr:Brahmaputra-river-Assam.jpg|thumb|150px|brahmaputr nadi, asam]] brahmaputr tibbat se nikalati hai, jahaan ise saangano kaha jata hai aur bharat mean arunachal pradesh tak pravesh karane tatha yah kafi lanbi doori tay karati hai, yahaan ise dihaang kaha jata hai. pasi ghat ke nikat debaang aur lohit brahmaputr nadi se mil jati hai aur yah sanyukh‍t nadi poore asam se hokar ek sankirn ghati mean bahati hai. yah ghubari ke anupravah mean baangladesh mean pravesh karati hai.

sahayak nadiyaan

[[chitr:Yamuna-Mathura-2.jpg|thumb|150px|yamuna nadi, mathura]] yamuna, ramaganga, ghaghara, gandak, kosi, mahanadi, aur son; ganga ki mahath‍vapoorn sahayak nadiyaan hai. chanbal aur betava mahath‍vapoorn up sahayak nadiyaan haian jo ganga se milane se pahale yamuna mean mil jati haian. padma aur brahmaputr baangladesh mean milati hai aur padma athava ganga ke roop mean bahati rahati hai. bharat mean brahmaputr ki pramukh sahayak nadiyaan subasiri, jiya bhareli, ghanasiri, puthibhari, pagaladiya aur manas haian. baangladesh mean brahmaputr tish‍t adi ke pravah mean mil jati hai aur aantat: ganga mean mil jati hai. meghana ki mukhh‍y nadi barak nadi manipur ki pahadiyoan mean se nikalati hai. isaki mahath‍vapoorn sahayak nadiyaan makh‍koo, traang, tueevee, jiri, sonee, rukh‍vi, kacharaval, ghalarevari, laangachini, mahuva aur jatianga haian. barak nadi baangh‍ladesh mean bhairav bazar ke nikat ganga-‍brahmaputr ke milane tak bahati rahati hai.

himalay se nikalane vali nadiyaan ka apavah pratiroop

bhautik drishti se desh mean prayaddhipettar tatha prayaddhipiy nadi pranaliyoan ka vikas hua hai, jinhe kramashah himalay ki nadiyaan evan dakshin ke pathar ki nadiyaan ke nam se bhi sambodhit kiya jata hai. himalay athava uttar bharat ki nadiyoan dvara nimnalikhit prakar ke apavah pratiroop vikasit kiye gaye haian.

poorvivarti apavah

is prakar ka apavah tab vikasit hota hai, jab koee nadi apane marg mean ane vali bhautik badhaoan ko katate hue apani purani ghati mean hi pravahit hoti hai. is apavah pratiroop ki nadiyoan dvara sarit apaharan ka bhi udaharan prastut kiya jata hai. himalay se nikalane vali sindhu, sataluj, brahmaputr, bhagirathi, tista adi nadiyaan poorvavarti apavah pratiroop ka nirman karati haian.

kramahin apavah

jab koee nadi apani pramukh shakha se viparit disha se akar milati hai tab kramahin ya akramavarti apavah pratiroop ka vikas ho jata hai. brahmaputr mean milane vali sahayak nadiyaan - dihaang, divaang tatha lohit isi prakar ka apavah banati hai.

khandit apavah

uttar bharat ke vishal maidan mean pahuanchane ke poorv bhabar kshetr mean vilin ho jane vali nadiyaan khandit ya vilupt apavah ka nirman karati haian.

malakar apavah

desh ki adhikaansh nadiyaan samudr mean milane ke poorv anek shakhaoan mean vibhajit hokar delta banati haian, jisase gumphit ya malakar apavah ka nirman hota hai .

antasthaliy apavah

rajasthan ke marusthaliy kshetr aravali parvatamala se nikalakar vilin ho jane vali nadiyaan antah sthaliy apavah banati haian.

samanantar apavah

uttar ke vishal maidan mean pahuanchane vali parvatiy nadiyoan dvara samanantar apavah pratiroop vikasit kiya gaya hai.

ayatakar apavah

uttar bharat ke kosi tatha usaki sahayak nadiyoan dvara ayatakar apavah pratiroop ka vikas kiya gaya hai.

dakshin kshetr se nikalane vali nadiyaan

dakh‍kan kshetr mean adhikaansh nadi pranaliyaan samanh‍yat poorv disha mean bahati haian aur bangal ki kha di mean mil jati haian. [[chitr:Kaveri-River.jpg|thumb|150px|kaveri nadi]] godavari, krishh‍na, kaveri, mahanadi, adi poorv ki or bahane vali pramukh nadiyaan haian aur narmada, taph‍ti pashchim ki bahane vali pramukh nadiyaan hai. dakshini prayadvip mean godavari doosari sabase b di nadi ka droni kshetr hai jo bharat ke kshetr 10 pratishat bhag hai. isake bad krishh‍na nadi ke droni kshetr ka sh‍than hai jabaki mahanadi ka tisara sh‍than hai. dekh‍kan ke oopari bhoobhag mean narmada ka droni kshetr hai, yah arab sagar ki or bahati hai, bangal ki kha di mean girati haian dakshin mean kaveri ke saman akar ki hai aur paranh‍tu isaki visheshataean aur banavat alag hai.

dakshin kshetr se nikalane vali nadiyaan ka apavah pratiroop

dakshin bharat athava prayadvipiy pathari bhag par pravahit hone vali nadiyoan dvara bhi vibhinn prakar ke apavah pratiroop vikasit kiye gaye haian. jinaka vivaran nimnalikhit haian.

anugami apavah

jab koee nadi dharataliy dhal ki disha mean pravahit hoti hai tab anugami apavah ka nirman hota hai. dakshin bharat ki adhikaansh nadiyoan ka udbhav pashchimi ghat parvat mala mean haian tatha ve dhal ke anusar pravahit hokar bangal ki kha di athava arab sagar mean girati haian aur anugami apavah ka udaharan prastut karati haian.

paravarti apavah

[[chitr:Krishna-River.jpg|thumb|150px|krishnaa nadi]] jab nadiyaan apani mukhy nadi mean dhal ka anusaran karate hue samakon par akar milati haian, tab paravarti apavah nirmit hota hai. dakshin prayadvip ke uttari bhag se nikalakar ganga tatha yamuna nadiyoan mean milane vali nadiyaan - chambal, ken, kali, sindh, betava adi dvara paravarti apavah pratiroop vikasit kiya gaya hai.

ayatakar apavah

vindhy chattanoan vale prayadvipiy kshetr mean nadiyoan ne ayatakar apavah pratiroop ka nirman kiya hai, kyoanki ye mukhy nadi mean milate samay chattani sandhiyoan se hokar pravahit hoti haian tatha samakon par akar milati hai.

jalinuma apavah

jab nadiyaan poornatah dhal ka anusaran karate hue pravahit hoti hai tatha dhal mean parivartan ke anusar unake marg mean bhi parivartan ho jata hai, jab jalinuma athava ‘svabhavodbhoot’ apavah pranali ka vikas hota hai. poorvi sianhabhoomi ke prachin valit parvatiy kshetr mean is pranali ka vikas hua hai.

ariy apavah

ise apakendriy apavah bhi kaha jata hai. isamean nadiyaan ek sthan se nikalakar charoan dishaoan mean pravahit kaha jata hai. isamean nadiyaan ek sthanase nikalakar charoan dishaoan mean pravahit hoti haian. dakshin bharat mean amarakantak parvat se nikalane vali narmada, son tatha mahanadi adi ne ariy apavah ka nirman kiya gaya hai.

padapakar athava vrikshakaanr apavah

jab nadiyaan sapat tatha chauras dharatal par pravahit hote hue ek mukhy nadi ki dhara mean milati haian, tab is pranali ka vikas hota hai. dakshin bharat ki adhikaansh nadiyoan dvara padapakar apavah ka nirman kiya gaya hai.

samanantar apavah

pashchimi ghat paha d se nikalakar pashchim disha mean tivr gati se badhakar arab sagar mean girane vali nadiyoan dvara samanantar apavah ka nirman kiya gaya hai.

tatavarti nadiyaan

bharat mean kee prakar ki tatavarti nadiyaan haian jo apekshakrit chhoti haian. aisi nadiyoan mean kafi kam nadiyaan-poorvi tat ke delh‍ta ke nikat samudr mean milati hai, jabaki pashchim tat par aisi 600 nadiyaan hai. rajasthan mean aisi kuchh nadiyaan hai jo samudr mean nahian milati haian. ye khare jhiloan mean mil jati hai aur ret mean samaph‍t ho jati haian jisaki samudr mean koee nikasi nahian hoti hai. isake atirikh‍t kuchh marush‍thal ki nadiyaan hoti hai jo kuchh doori tak bahati haian aur marush‍thal mean luph‍t ho jati hai. aisi nadiyoan mean luni aur machh‍chh, sh‍pen, sarash‍vati, banas aur ghagh‍gar jaisi anh‍y nadiyaan haian.

bharat ki pramukh nadiyoan ki soochi

kram	nadi	lambaee (ki.mi.)	udgam sthan	sahayak nadiyaan	pravah kshetr (sambandhit rajy)

1	sindhu nadi	2,880 (709)	manasarovar jhil ke nikat (tibbat)	sataluj, vyas, jhelam, chinab, ravi, shiangar, gilagit, shyok	jammoo aur kashmir, leh
2	jhelam nadi	720	sheshanag jhil, jammoo-kashmir	kishan, ganga, puanchh, lidar, kareval, siandh	jammoo-kashmir, kashmir
3	chinab nadi	1,180	baralacha darre ke nikat	chandrabhaga	jammoo-kashmir
4	ravi nadi	725	rohataang darra, kaang da	saho, suil	himachal pradesh, jammoo-kashmir, panjab
5	sataluj nadi	1440 (1050)	manasarovar ke nikat rakasatal	vyas, spiti, baspa	himachal pradesh, panjab
6	vyas nadi	470	rohataang darra	tirthan, parvati, hurala	himachal pradesh
7	ganga nadi	2,510 (2071)	gangotri ke nikat gomukh se	yamuna, ramaganga, gomati, bagamati, gandak, kosi, son, alakananda, bhagirathi, pindar, mandakini	uttaraanchal, uttar pradesh, bihar, pashchim bangal
8	yamuna nadi	1375	yamunotri gleshiyar	chambal, betava, ken, toans, giri, kali, siandh, asan	uttaraanchal, uttar pradesh, dilli
9	ramaganga nadi	690	nainital ke nikat ek himanadi se	khon	uttaraanchal, uttar pradesh
10	ghaghara nadi	1,080	mapsatuang (nepal) himanad	sharada, karanali, kuvana, rapti, chaukiya	uttar pradesh, bihar
11	gandak nadi	425	nepal tibbat sima par mustag ke nikat	kali, gandak, trishool, ganga	bihar
12	kosi nadi	730	nepal mean saptakoshiki (goansaeedham)	indravati, tamur, arun, kosi	sikkim, bihar
13	chambal nadi	960	moo ke nikat janapav paha di se	kali, siandh, sipta, parvati, banas	madhy pradesh
14	betava nadi	480	bhopal ke pas ubedulla ganj ke pas		madhy pradesh
15	son nadi	770	amarakantak ki paha diyoan se	rihand, kunah d	madhy pradesh, bihar
16	damodar nadi	600	chhota nagapur pathar se dakshin poorv	konar, jamuniya, barakar	jharakhand, pashchim bangal
17	brahmaputr nadi	2,880	manasarovar jhil ke nikat (tibbat mean saangpo)	ghanasiri, kapili, suvanasiti, manas, lohit, nova, padma, dihaang	arunachal pradesh, asam
18	mahanadi	890	sihava ke nikat rayapur	siyonath, hasadev, uang, eeb, brahmani, vaitarani	madhy pradesh, chhattisagadh, u disa
19	vaitarani nadi	333	kyoanjhar pathar		u disa
20	svarn rekha	480	chhota nagapur pathar		u disa, jharakhand, pashchim bangal
21	godavari nadi	1,450	nasik ki paha diyoan se	pranahita, penaganga, vardha, venaganga, indravati, manjira, purana	maharashtr, karnatak, andhr pradesh
22	krishnaa nadi	1,290	mahabaleshvar ke nikat	koyana, yarala, varna, panchaganga, doodhaganga, ghataprabha, malaprabha, bhima, tuangaprabha, moosi	maharashtr, karnatak, andhr pradesh
23	kaveri nadi	760	kerakara ke nikat brahmagiri	hemavati, lokapavana, shimala, bhavani, amaravati, svarnavati	karnatak, tamilanadu
24	narmada nadi	1,312	amarakantak choti	tava, sher, shakkar, doodhi, barna	madhy pradesh, gujarat
25	tapti nadi	724	multaee se (betool)	poorana, betool, ganjal, gomee	madhy pradesh, gujarat
26	sabaramati	716	jayasamand jhil (udayapur)	vakal, hathamati	rajasthan, gujarat
27	looni nadi		nag paha d	suk di, janaee, baandi	rajasthan, gujarat, miroodi, jojari
28	banas nadi		khamanaur paha diyoan se	sodra, mausi, khari	karnatak, tamilanadu
29	mahi nadi		mehad jhil se	som, jokham, anas, soran	madhy pradesh, gujarat
30	hugali nadi		navadvip ke nikat	jalaangi
31	uttari pennar	570	nandi durg paha di	paadhani, chitravati, sagileroo
32	tuangabhadra nadi		pashchimi ghat mean gomantak choti	kumudavati, vardha, hagari, hiand, tuanga, bhadra
33	mayoosa nadi		asonora ke nikat	medeee
34	sabari nadi	418	sueekaram paha di	sileru
35	indravati nadi	531	kalahandi, u disa	narangi, kotari
36	kshipra nadi		kakari baradi paha di, iandaur	chambal nadi
37	sharada nadi	602	milam himanad, himalay, kumayooan	ghaghara nadi
38	tava nadi		mahadev parvat, panchamadhi	narmada nadi
39	hasado nadi		saraguja mean kaimoor paha diyaan	mahanadi
40	kali siandh nadi	416	bagalo, zila devas, viandhyachal parvat	yamuna nadi
41	sindh nadi		siroj, guna zila	chambal nadi
42	ken nadi		viandhyachal shreni	yamuna nadi
43	parvati nadi		viandhyachal, madhy pradesh	chambal nadi
44	ghagghar nadi		kalaka, himachal pradesh
45	banaganga nadi	494	bairath paha diyaan, jayapur	yamuna nadi
46	som nadi		bichha mean da, udayapur	jokham, gomati, sarani
47	ay d ya bedach nadi	190	gomunda paha di, udayapur	banas nadi
48	dakshin pinakin	400	chenna keshav paha di, karnatak
49	dakshini toans	265	tamasa kuand, kaimoor paha di
50	daman ganga nadi		pashchim ghat
51	girana nadi		pashchim ghat, nasik

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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bahari k diyaan

• bharat ki nadiyaan

sanbandhit lekh

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