अकार्बनिक रसायन
akarbanik rasayan 'rasayan vijnan' ki tin shakhaoan mean se ek shakha hai. karban ko chho dakar shesh sabhi tattvoan aur anek yaugikoan ki 'mimaansa'[1] karana 'akarbanik rasayan' ka kshetr hai. boron, silik aaun, jarmeniyam adi tattv bhi lagabhag usi prakar ke vividh yaugik banate haian, jaise karban. kiantu is parthik srishti mean unaka utana mahattv nahian haian, jitana karban yaugikoan ka. isaliye karbanik rasayan ka any tattvoan se prithak rasayanik kshetr man liya gaya hai. manushy evan vanaspatiyoan ka jivan karban yaugikoan ke chakr par nirbhar hai. atah karbanik yaugikoan ko ek alag upaang mean rakhana kuchh anuchit nahian hai. yah karban hi hai, jo prithvi par pae jane vale samany tap (00 se 400) par anek sthayi samavayavi yaugik de sakata hai.
pramukh tattv
akarbanik rasayan mean jin tattvoan ka ullekh hai, unamean se kuchh dhatu haian aur kuchh adhatu. adhatu tatvoan mean kuchh mukhy nam nimnalikhit haian-
- gais
haidrojan, hiliyam, naitrojan, aauksijan, phlorin, niaaun, klorin, argan, kriptan tatha zen aaun.
- thos
boron, karban, silik aaun, ph aausphoras, gandhak, jarmeniyam, arsenik, molibdenam, teluriyam tatha ayodin.
- drav
dhatuoan mean keval padar aisa hai, jo sadharan tap par drav hai. prachin jnat dhatuean sona, chaandi, loha, taanba, sisa, jasta aur para haian. lagabhag sabhi sabhy deshoan ka in dhatuoan se purana parichay hai. sona aur chaandi svatantr roop mean prakriti mean pae jate haian. shesh dhatuean prakriti mean salphaid, salphet ya aauksaid ke roop mean milati haian. inase shuddh dhatuean prapt karana saral tha. dhatuoan ke un yaugikoan ko, jinamean se dhatuean asani se alag ki ja sakati thian. inase dhatu shuddh roop mean mukt ho jati hai.
vidyut ka upayog
phairade aur devi ke samay se vidyut dhara ka upayog atyadhik badh gaya aur vaise-vaise dayanemo ki bijali adhik sasti prapt hone lagi. usaka upayog vidyut dvishleshan mean badhane laga. usaki sahayata se lavanoan mean se[2] anek dhatuean prithak ki ja sakian. taanbe ka ek yaugik 'tootiya'[3] hai. jal mean bane isake vilayan mean se vidyut dhara dvara taanba prithak kiya ja sakata hai. vidyut dhara ke prayog se maignishiyam, sodiyam, lithiyam, potaishiyam, kailsiyam, beriyam adi dhatuean, unake lavan ko galakar, prithak ki geean.
yaugik banane ke prayas
akarbanik rasayan ke praranbhik yug mean dhatuoan ke jin yaugikoan ko banane ka vishesh prayas kiya jata tha, ve nimnalikhit the-
aauksaid, haidr aauksaid, phloraid, kloraid, bromaid, ayodaid, salphaid, salphet, thayosalphet, aisitet, aauksalet, naitraid, naitret, sayanaid, karbaid, karbonet, baikarbonet, ph aausphet, arsenik, tangstan, malibdet, yoorenet. in yaugikoan ka taiyar karana sadharanataya saral hai. aauksaid ya karbonet par upayukt amloan ki abhikriya se ye banae ja sakate haian. viley lavanoan ke vilayanoan mean rrin ayan[4] milakar inamean se kuchh ke avakshep lae ja sakate haian, yadi ye avakshepy lavan pani mean aviley hoan.
akarbanik rasayan ka vibhajan
akarbanik rasayan ki anek abhikriyaean char vargoan mean vibhajit ki jati haian-
- shithilikaran ya udasinikaran
- avakshepan
- apachayan ya avakaran
- upachayan ya aauksikaran
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