गंडक नदी
[[chitr:Gandak-River.jpg|thumb|250px|gandak nadi, nepal]] gandak nadi madhy nepal aur uttari bharat mean bahati hai. yah nadi 'narayani nadi' bhi kahalati hai. gandak ko 'gandaki nadi' bhi kaha jata hai. yah kali aur trishooli nadiyoan ke sangam se bani hai, jo nepal ki uchch himalay parvatashreni se nikalati hai. inake sangam sthal se bharatiy sima tak nadi ko narayani ke nam se jana jata hai. mahabharat sabha parv[1] mean ise 'gandak' kaha gaya hai-
'tat: s gandakannachhoorovidehanh bharatarshabh:, vijityalpen kalenadasharnanajayat prabhu:.'
yahaan prasanganusar gandak desh ko videh ya vartaman mithila ke nikat bataya gaya pratit hota hai.
- yah dakshin-pashchim disha mean bharat ki or bahati hai aur phir uttar pradesh-bihar sima ke sath v ganga ke maidan mean dakshin-poorv disha mean bahati hai.
- gandak nadi 765 kilomitar lambe ghumavadar raste se guzarakar patana ke samane ganga nadi mean mil jati hai.
- boodhi gandak nadi ek purani jaladhara hai, jo gandak ke poorv mean isake samanantar bahati hai. yah muanger ke poorvottar mean ganga se ja milati hai.
- sadanira jisaka ullekh prachin sahity mean anek bar aya hai, sanbhavat: gandaki hi hai[2], kiantu mahabharat sabha parv[3] mean sadanira aur gandaki donoan ka ekatr namollekh hai, jisase sadanira bhinn nadi honi chahie-
'gandakianch mahashonaan sadaniraan tathaiv th.'
- is nadi ka tirtharoop mean bhi varnan kiya gaya hai-
'gandakian tu sabhasady sarvatirth jalodbhavamh vajapeyamavapnoti sooryalokan ch gachchhati'.
- parjitar ke anusar sadanira rapti hai. sadanira kosal aur videh ki sima par bahati thi. gandaki ka ek nam 'mahi' bhi kaha gaya hai.
- yoonani bhoogolavettaoan ne ise 'koandochatij' kaha hai. viseant smith ne 'mahaparinivvan suttant' mean ullikhit 'hiranyavati' ka abhijnan gandak se kiya hai. yah nadi malloan ki rajadhani ke udyan shalavan ke pas bahati thi. buddhacharit[4] ke anusar kushinagar mean nirvan se poorv tathagat ne hiranyavati nadi mean snan kiya tha. isamean poorv kushinagar ate samay buddh ne iravati ya achiravati nadi ko par kiya tha. iravati rapti ka hi nam hai.
- viseant smith ne kushinagar ki sthiti nepal mean rapti aur gandak ke sangam par mani thi[5], kiantu kushinagar ka abhijnan ab 'kasiya' se nishchit ho jane par hiranyavati ko gorakhapur zile ki rapti ya usaki koee upashakha manana p dega n ki gandaki.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ mahabharat sabha parv 29; 4-5
- ↑ vaidik iandeks 2prishth 299
- ↑ mahabharat sabha parv 20,27
- ↑ buddhacharit 25,54
- ↑ ali histri aauf iandiya, prishth 167
sanbandhit lekh
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