पुष्यमित्र शुंग
pushyamitr shuang maury vansh ko parajit karane vala tatha shuang vansh (lagabhag 185 ee. poo.) ka pravartak tha. vah janm se brahman aur karm se kshatriy tha. maury vansh ke antim raja brihadrath ne use apana senapati niyukt kar diya tha. brihadrath ki hatya karake pushyamitr shuang ne maury rajagaddi par apana adhikar kar liya. pushyamitr shuang ne 36 varshoan tak rajy kiya tha. kyoanki maury vansh ke aantim raja nirbal the aur kee rajy unaki adhinata se mukt ho chuke the, aise mean pushyamitr shuang ne in rajyoan ko phir se magadh ki adhinata svikar karane ke lie vivash kar diya. usane apane shatruoan par vijay prapt ki aur magadh samrajy ka phir se vistar kar diya.
shuang vansh ki sthapana
maury vansh ka antim raja brihadrath tha, jisaka senapati pushyamitr shuang tha. ek din usane apani sab sena ko ekatr kar usake pradarshan ki vyavastha ki. samrat brihadrath ko bhi is pradarshan ke avasar par nimantrit kiya gaya. sena pushyamitr ke prati anurakt thi. sena ke sammukh hi pushyamitr dvara brihadrath ki hatya kar di gee, aur vah vishal magadh samrajy ka adhipati ban gaya. is prakar pushyamitr shuang ne 'shuang vansh' ki nianv rakhi. harshacharit mean brihadrath ko 'pratijnadurbal' kaha gaya hai. isaka abhipray yah hai ki, rajyabhishek ke samay prachin ary parampara ke anusar raja ko jo pratijna karani hoti thi, brihadrath usake palan mean durbal tha. sena usake prati anurakt nahian thi. isilie senani pushyamitr ka sh dayantr saphal ho gaya.
- brihadrath ki hatya kar pushyamitr ka raja ban jana thik us prakar ki ghatana hai, jaisi ki raja balak ko marakar shreniy bhattiy ka aur raja ripunjay ko marakar amaty palak ka raja banana tha. mahapadm nand bhi isi dhang se magadh ke rajasianhasan ka svami bana tha. magadh samrajy ki shakti usaki susangathit sena par hi ashrit thi. vahaan jis kisi ke hath mean sena ho, vah rajagaddi ko apane adhikar mean kar sakata tha. jis sh dayantr ya kranti dvara maury vansh ka ant hua, vah 185 ee. poo. mean huee thi.
vijay abhiyan
pushyamitr ka shasanakal poori tarah se chunautiyoan se bhara hua tha. us samay bharat par kee videshi akrantaoan ne akraman kiye, jinaka samana pushyamitr shuang ko karana p da. pushyamitr ke raja ban jane par magadh samrajy ko bahut bal mila tha. jo rajy magadh ki adhinata tyag chuke the, pushyamitr ne unhean phir se apane adhin kar liya tha. apane vijay abhiyanoan se usane magadh ki sima ka bahut vistar kiya.
vidarbh ki vijay
nirbal maury rajaoan ke shasanakal mean jo anek pradesh samrajy ki adhinata se svatantr ho ge the, pushyamitr ne unhean phir se apane adhin kar liya. us samay 'vidarbh' (barar) ka shasak yajnasen tha. sambhavatah vah mauryoan ki or se vidarbh ke shasak-pad par niyukt hua tha, par magadh samrajy ki nirbalata se labh uthakar is samay svatantr ho gaya tha. pushyamitr ke adesh se agnimitr ne us par akraman kiya, aur use parast kar vidarbh ko phir se magadh samrajy ke adhin kar liya. kalidas ke prasiddh natak 'malavikagnimitr' mean yajnasen ki chacheri bahan malavika aur agnimitr ke sneh ki katha ke sath-sath vidarbh vijay ka vrittant bhi ullikhit hai.
kharavel se yuddh
mauryavansh ki nirbalata se labh uthakar kaliang desh (u disa) bhi svatantr ho gaya tha. usaka raja kharavel b da pratapi aur mahatvakaankshi tha. usane door-door tak akraman kar kaliang ki shakti ka vistar kiya. kharavel ke hathigumfa shilalekh ke dvara jnat hota hai, ki usane magadh par bhi akraman kiya tha. magadh ke jis raja par akraman kar kharavel ne use parast kiya, hathigumfa shilalekh mean usaka jo nam diya gaya hai, anek vidvanoan ne use 'bahasatimitr' (brihaspatimitr) padha hai. brihaspati aur pushy paryayavachi shabd haian, atah jayasavalaji ne yah parinam nikala tha, ki kharavel ne magadh par akraman karake pushyamitr ko hi parast kiya tha. par anek aitihasik jayasavalaji ke is vichar se sahamat nahian haian. unaka vichar hai ki kharavel ne magadh ke jis raja par akraman kiya tha, vah maury vansh ka hi koee raja tha. usaka nam bahasatimitr tha, yah bhi sandigdh hai. hathigumfa shilalekh mean yah aansh aspasht hai, aur ise bahasatimitr padh sakana bhi nirvivad nahian hai. sambhavatah kharavel ka magadh par akraman maury shalishuk ya usake kisi uttaradhikari ke shasanakal mean hi hua tha.
yavan akraman
maury samratoan ki nirbalata se labh uthakar yavanoan ne bharat par akraman shuroo kar die the. pushyamitr ke shasanakal mean unhoanne phir bharat par akraman kiya. yavanoan ka yah akraman sambhavatah demetriyas (dimitr) ke netritv mean hua tha. prasiddh vyakaranavid patanjali ne, jo pushyamitr ke samakalin the, is akraman ka 'arunath yavanah saketamh, arunath yavanah madhyamikamh' (yavan ne saket par hamala kiya, yavan ne madhyamika par hamala kiya) likh kar nirdesh kiya hai. 'arunath' prayog anadyatan bhootakal ko soochit karata hai. yah prayog us dasha mean hota hai, jab ki kisi aisi bhootakalik ghatana ka kathan karana ho, jo prayokta ke apane jivanakal mean ghati ho. atah yah spasht hai, ki patanjali aur pushyamitr ke samay mean bhi bharat par yavanoan ka akraman hua tha, aur is bar yavan senaean saket aur madhyamika tak chali aee thian.
yavanoan ki parajay
malavikagnimitr ke anusar bhi pushyamitr ke yavanoan ke sath yuddh hue the, aur usake pote vasumitr ne sindhu nadi ke tat par yavanoan ko parast kiya tha. jis sindhu nadi ke tat par shuang sena dvara yavanoan ki parajay huee thi, vah kaun-si hai, is vishay par bhi itihasakaroan mean matabhed hai. shri vi. e. smith ne yah pratipadan kiya tha, ki malavikagnimitr ki sindhu nadi rajapootane ki sindh ya kali sindh nadi hai, aur usi ke dakshin tat par vasumitr ka yavanoan ke sath yuddh hua tha. par ab bahusankhyak itihasakaroan ka yahi vichar hai, ki sindhu se panjab ki prasiddh sindh nadi ka hi grahan karana chahie. par yah nirvivad hai, ki yavanoan ko parast kar magadh samrajy ki shakti ko qayam rakhane mean pushyamitr shuang ko asadharan saphalata mili thi.
ashvamedh yajn
ayodhya mean pushyamitr ka ek shilalekh prapt hua hai, jisamean use 'dvirashvamedhayaji' kaha gaya hai. isase soochit hota hai, ki pushyamitr ne do bar ashvamedh yajn kie the. ahiansa-pradhan bauddh aur jain dharmoan ke utkarsh ke karan is yajn ki paripati bharat mean vilupt ho gee thi. ab pushyamitr ne ise punarujjivit kiya. sambhavatah patanjali muni in yajnoan mean pushyamitr ke purohit the. isalie unhoanne 'mahabhashy' mean likha hai-'ih pushyamitran yajayamah' (ham yahaan pushyamitr ka yajn kara rahe haian). ashvamedh ke lie jo gho da chho da gaya, usaki raksha ka kary vasumitr ke supurd kiya gaya tha. sindhu nadi ke tat par yavanoan ne is gho de ko pak d liya aur vasumitr ne unhean parast kar ise unase chhu davaya. kin vijayoan ke upalakshy mean pushyamitr ne do bar ashvamedh yajn ka anushthan kiya, yah nishchit roop se nahian kaha ja sakata hai.
vaidik dharm ka punarutthan
shuang samrat prachin vaidik dharm ke anuyayi the. unake samay mean bauddh aur jain dharmoan ka hras hokar vaidik dharm ka punarutthan prarambh hua. 'divyavadan' ke anusar pushyamitr bauddhoan se dvesh karata tha, aur usane bahut-se stoopoan ka dhvans karavaya tha, aur bahut-se bauddh-shramanoan ki hatya karayi thi. divyavadan mean to yahaan tak likha hai, ki sakal (siyalakot) mean jakar usane ghoshana ki thi, ki koee kisi shraman ka sir lakar dega, to use maian sau dinar paritoshik dooanga. sambhav hai, bauddh granth ke is kathan mean atyukti ho, par isamean sandeh nahian ki pushyamitr ke samay mean yajnapradhan vaidik dharm ka punarutthan shuroo ho gaya tha. us dvara kie ge ashvamedh yajn hi isake praman haian.
shuang samrajy ki sima
vidarbh ko jitakar aur yavanoan ko parast kar pushyamitr shuang magadh samrajy ke vilupt gaurav ka punarutthan karane mean samarth hua tha. usake samrajy ki sima pashchim mean sindhu nadi tak avashy thi. divyavadan ke anusar 'sakal' (siyalakot) usake samrajy ke aantargat tha. ayodhya mean prapt usake shilalekh se is bat mean koee sandeh nahian rah jata ki madhyadesh par usaka shasan bhali-bhaanti sthir tha. vidarbh ki vijay se usake samrajy ki dakshini sima narmada nadi tak pahuanch gayi thi. is prakar pushyamitr ka samrajy himalay se narmada nadi tak aur sindhu se prachy samudr tak vistrit tha.
- puranoan ke anusar pushyamitr ne 36 varsh (185-149 ee. poo.) tak rajy kiya.
shasak raja
pushyamitr shuang ke pashchath is vansh mean nau shasak aur hue, jinake nam is prakar the-
- agnimitr
- vasujyeshth
- vasumitr
- andhrak
- tin ajnat shasak
- bhagavat
- devabhooti
sanbandhit lekh