फ़ाह्यान

fahyan
fahyan|200px|center
poora nam	fahyan
any nam	fahiyan
janm	337 ee.
janm bhoomi	chin ke 'vu-vang' namak sthan par
mrityu	422 ee.
prasiddhi	chini bauddh bhikshu
vishesh yogadan	bauddh dharm ka anuyayi
any janakari	fahyan ne apane samakali naresh chandragupt dvitiy ke nam ki charcha n kar usaki dharmik sahishnuta ki niti evan kushal prashasan ki mukt kanth se prashansa ki hai.

fahyan athava fahiyan (aangrezi:Faxian) ka janm chin ke 'vu-vang' namak sthan par hua tha. yah bauddh dharm ka anuyayi tha. usane lagabhag 399 ee. mean apane kuchh mitroan 'huee-chiang', 'taoancheang', 'huee-miang', 'hueeveee' ke sath bharat yatra prarambh ki. fahyan ki bharat yatra ka udeshy bauddh hastalipiyoan evan bauddh smritiyoan ko khojana tha. isilie fahyan ne unhian sthanoan ke bhraman ko mahattv diya, jo bauddh dharm se sambandhit the.

fahyan ki bharat yatra

bauddh dharm ke anuyaee se poorv plini d eldar, tॅalami aur megasthanij jaise roman aur yoonani lekhak bharat ki yatra kar chuke the lekin kisi ke pas vaisa vistrit bharat varnan nahian hai jaisa ki fahyan ne prastut kiya. phahyan ne lagabhag 399 ee. isamean apane kuchh mitroan huee-chiang, taoancheang, huee-miang, huee-veee ke sath bharat yatra praranbh ki thi. us ki bharat yatra ka uddeshy bauddh granthoan ki khoj karana tha. vah pahale pashchim mean takshashila aur purushapur jaise sthanoan par gaya tha. phir usane doab ki or yatra shuroo ki aur mathura pahuancha. phir vah poorv disha mean saket, shravasti, kapilavastu, kushinagar aur vaishali hota hua pataliputr pahuancha. vahaan samrat ashok ke raj prasad ko dekhakar vah achanbhit rah gaya. usane kaha, aisa lag raha tha jaise yah mahal svayan devataoan ne banaya ho. usane pataliputr mean bitae 3 saloan aur tamralipti (adhunik midanapur) mean bitaye do varshoan ka b da rochak vritaant prastut kiya hai. phahyan ne bharat mean bitae 12 varshoan mean se 6 varsh yatra mean aur 6 varsh adhyavasay mean bitae the.

yatra-kram

apane yatra kram mean vah mitroan ke sath sarvapratham 'ranashan' pahuancha aur yahaan lagabhag 4,000 bauddh bhikshuoan ka darshan kiya. durgam rastoan se gujarata hua fahyan 'khotan' pahuancha. yahaan use 14 b de mathoan ke vishay mean janakari mili. yahaan ke mathoan mean sabase b da math 'gomati vihar' ke nam se prasiddh tha, jisamean qarib 3,000 mahayan dharm ke samarthak rahate the. gomati vihar ke nazadik hi ek doosara vihar tha. yah vihar qarib 250 phut ooancha tha, jisamean sona, chaandi evan anekoan dhatuoan ka prayog kiya gaya tha. marg mean anek prakar ka kasht sahata hua, agale p dav ke roop fahyan 'pushkalavati' pahuancha. jahaan usane hinayan sampraday ke logoan ko dekha. aisa mana jata hai ki, yahaan bodhisatv ne apani aankhean kisi aur ko dan ki thian. fahyan ne yahaan par sone evan rajat se j dit stoop ke hone ki bat bataee hai. pushpakalavati ke bad fahyan takshashila pahuancha.

vibhinn nagaroan ki yatra

chini srotoan ka manana hai ki bodhisatv ne yahaan par apane sir ko kat kar kisi aur vyakti ko dan kar diya tha. isalie chini log takshashila ka shabdik arth 'kata sir' lagate haian. thumb|left|fahyan ke yatra vrittant ka pahala panna yahaan par bhi bahumooly dhatuoan se nirmit stoop hone ki bat ka fahyan ne varnan kiya hai. takshashila ke bad fahyan 'purushapur' pahuancha. yahaan par kanishk dvara nirmit 400 phit ooanche stoop ko usane any stoopoan mean sarvotkrisht batalaya. fahyan ne 'nagar desh' mean bane ek stoop mean buddh ke kapal ki haddi g de hone ka varnan kiya hai. mathura pahuanchakar fahyan ne yamuna nadi ke kinare bane 20 mathoan ke darshan kiye. fahyan ne madhy desh ki yatra ki sarvadhik prashansa ki hai. chooanki vah pradesh brahman dharm ka kendr sthal tha isalie ise 'brahman desh' bhi kaha gaya hai. yatra ke agale kram mean fahyan kanyakubj, saket aur phir shravasti pahuancha. shravasti mean bhi stoop evan math nirmit mile aur yahaan par bhi sthit 'jetavan' ko fahyan ne 'suvarn upavan' kaha hai. isake bad fahyan kapilavastu, kushinagar aur vaishali se hota hua pataliputr pahuancha. pataliputr ko fahyan ne tatkalin bharat ka sarvashreshth nagar bataya hai. yahaan par nirmit maury samrat ashok ke rajaprasad ko dekhakar fahyan ne kaha, 'mano rajaprasad devataoan dvara nirmit ho'. pataliputr mean hi fahyan ne hinayan evan mahayan se sambandhit do mathoan ko dekha tatha ashok dvara nirmit stoop evan do latoan ke darshan kiye. 401 ee. se 410 ee. tak fahyan bharat mean raha. is bich fahyan ne 3 varsh pataliputr mean aur 2 varsh tamralipti (adhunik bangal ka midanapur zila) mean bitae fahyan ne apani bharat yatra ke b de rochak vivaran likhe haian.

chandragupt dvitiy ki prashansa

nalanda mean fahyan ne buddh ke shishy 'sariputr' ki asthiyoan par nirmit stoop ka ullekh kiya, isake bad vah rajagrih, bodhagaya evan saranath ki yatra ke bad vapas pataliputr aya, jahaan kuchh samay bitane ke bad svadesh laut gaya. is dauran fahyan ne lagabhag 6 varsh saphar mean evan 6 varsh adhyayan mean bitaya. patilaputr mean sanskrit ke adhyayan hetu usane 3 varsh vyatit kiye. fahyan ne apane samakali naresh chandragupt dvitiy ke nam ki charcha n kar usaki dharmik sahishnuta ki niti evan kushal prashasan ki mukt kanth se prashansa ki hai. usake anusar is samay janata sukhi thian, kar ka bhar alp tha, sharirik dand evan mrityudand ka prachalan nahian tha, arthadand hi paryapt hota tha.

samaj ka varnan

tatkali samaj par prakash dalate hue fahyan ne kaha hai ki, log atithi parayan hote the. bhojan mean lahasun, pyaj, madira, maans, machhali ka prayog nahian karate the. fahyan ne chandal jaisi asprishy jati ka bhi ullekh kiya hai, jinaka ek tarah se samajik bahishkar kiya jata tha. vaishy jati ki prashansa fahyan ne isalie ki, kyoanki is jati ne bauddh dharm ke prachar-prasar evan bhikshuoan ke vishram hetu mathoan ke nirman mean kafi dhan vyay kiya tha.

arthik dasha

gupt kalin arthik dasha par prakash dalate hue fahyan ne kaha hai ki, is samay sadharan kray-vikray mean kau diyoan ka prayog hota tha. is samay bharat ka vyapar unnat dasha mean tha. fahyan ne is samay b de-b de jahazoan ko chalane ki bhi bat kahi hai. usake varnan ke anusar usane svayan svadesh vapas jate samay ek b de jahaz mean baith kar tamralipti bandaragah se prasthan kiya tha. fahyan ne apane samakalin bharatiy samrat ke vishay mean bataya hai ki, ve viddhanoan ke sanrakshak the. fahyan ne manjushri nam ke viddhan ka varnan bhi kiya hai. dharmik sthit ke bare mean fahyan ne likha hai ki, is samay anek prakar ke dharm evan vicharadharayean prachalan mean thian. inamean sarvadhik prakash usane bauddh dharm par dala he. fahyan ne bharat mean vaishakh ki ashtami ko ek mahattvapoorn utsav manaye jane ki bat kahi haian. usake anusar char pahiye vale rath par kee moortiyoan ko rakh kar juloos nikala jata tha. fahyan ke diye gaye vivaran se yah sthiti spasht ho jati hai ki, chandragupt dvitiy ka samay shanti evan aishvary ka samay tha.

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