अकथा

	akatha
	kagyoo tibbati math, saranath\|200px\|center
vivaran	'akatha' ek aitihasik purasthal hai, jo saranath se se 2 kilomitar ki doori par dakshin-pashchim mean sthit haian. yahaan se pura mahattv ki kee vastuean prapt huee haian.
rajy	uttar pradesh
zila	saranath
sthiti	83°0’ poorvi akshaansh aur 25°22’ uttari deshaantar ke madhy
utkhanan	faravari-aprail, 2002 ke madhy; pun: pun: faravari-aprail, 2004 ke madhy
sanbandhit lekh	saranath, rajaghat
any janakari	'kashi hindoo vishvavidyalay' ke pro. vidula jayasaval evan d aau. birendr pratap sianh ke sanyukt nirdeshan mean unake vibhagiy sahayogi d aau. ashok kumar sianh dvara 2002 ke madhy mean akatha ka utkhanankiya gaya tha.

akatha ek aitihasik purasthal hai, jo saranath (uttar pradesh) se se 2 kilomitar ki doori par dakshin-pashchim mean sthit haian. yah purasthal 83°0’ poorvi akshaansh aur 25°22’ uttari deshaantar ke madhy sthit hai. narokhar nala ke dakshini kinare par sthit yah purasthal char varg kilomitar mean phaila hua hai. yahaan utkhanan kary mukhy roop se akatha-1 aur akatha-2 mean kiya gaya. akatha utkhanan ka navinatam sakshy varanasi ki prachinata ko barahavian-terahavian shatabdi eesa poorv mean sthapit karata hai. is pariprekshy mean saranath aur rajaghat ke praranmbhik staroan ke punarmoolyaankan ki avashyakata hai.

utkhanan kary

akatha ka utkhanan 'prachin bharatiy itihas', 'sanskriti evan puratattv vibhag', 'kashi hindoo vishvavidyalay' ke pro. vidula jayasaval evan d aau. birendr pratap sianh ke sanyukt nirdeshan mean unake vibhagiy sahayogi d aau. ashok kumar sianh dvara faravari-aprail, 2002 ke madhy kiya gaya tha.^[1] yah utkhanan kary pun: 2004 faravari-aprail ke madhy pro. vidula jayasaval evan lekhak ke sanyukt nirdeshan mean sampann hua. narokhar nala ke dakshini kinare par sthit yah purasthal char varg kilomitar, mean phaila hua hai.

saanskritik kal

utkhanan kary mukhy roop se 'akatha-1' aur 'akatha-2' mean kiya gaya. utkhanan mean char saanskritik kaloan ki samagri prakash mean aee-

pratham kal- poorv uttari krishna parimarjit sanskriti (pri en. bi. pi. kal) (lagabhag 1200 ee. poo. se 600 ee. poo. tak)
dvitiy kal- uttari krishna parimarjit sanskriti (600 ee.poo. se 200 ee. poo. tak)
tritiy kal- shuang kushan kal (200 ee. poo. se 300 eesavi tak)
chaturth kal- guptakalin sanskriti (300 eesavi se 600 eesavi tak)

purasthal-1 - vartaman akatha gaanv ke dakshin-pashchim kinare par sthit hai, jahaan b di sankhya mean prastar pratimaean bikhari p di haian. yah vahi sthan hai, jahaan se kuchh varsh poorv ek 'yaksh' pratima mili thi. yah ab saranath sangrahalay mean surakshit hai. yah yaksh pratima pratham-dvitiy shatabdi eesa poorv ki hai. is kshetr ke utkhanan mean eeantoan se nirmit tin sanrachanaean (sanrachana-1, sanrachana-2, aur sanrachana-3) mili hai. sanrachana-1 ke nirman mean khanut eeantoan ka prayog kiya gaya hai. banavat ke adhar par yah sanrachanaean gupt kal ki pratit hoti haian.

sanrachana-2 aur 3 ek divar ke kshatigrast bhag haian. is divar mean prayukt eeantoan ki map 44 X27.5 X6 se.mi. aur 44 X26 X6 se.mi. akar ki haian. yah sanrachanaean kushan kal ki haian. in sanrachanaoan ke niche shuang kalin tin kramagat farshoan ke praman mile haian. in farshoan ko mridabhaand ke tuk doan aur mitti ko kootakar banaya gaya hai. 2004 ke utkhanan mean mukhy sthal par kuchh kushan kalin sanrachanaoan ke avashesh mile haian, jo avasiy praman nahian pratit hote haian. isake atirikt do muharean evan b di sankhya mean taanbe ke sikke bhi mile haian.

akatha- 1

akatha- 1 se prapt mukhy mridabhaand paranparaean krishna lohit, krishna lepit, uttari krishna parimarjit mridabhaand, bhoore rang ke mritpatr evan lal rang ke mritpatr haian. krishna lohit^[2] mridabhaand ke katore, tasale, gh de, krishna lepit mridabhaand^[3], uttari krishna parimarjit mridabhaand^[4]evan bhoore rang ki thaliyaan evan katore mukhy haian. lal mridabhaand ke katore, gh de, avath rahit haan diyaan^[5] evan gulabapash^[6] b di sankhya mean prapt hue haian. any vastuoan mean tamr-shalaka, taanbe, mitti aur arddhamoolyavan pattharoan ke bane manake, lodhe evan khilaune tatha paki mitti ki manav evan pashu moortiyaan haian.

akatha-2

akatha-2 mukhy tile se ½ kilomitar dakshin mean sthit hai, jo ‘qabragah’ ke nam se jana jata hai. yah kshetr apane mean ekal sanskrit ka astitv chhipae hue haian. avasiy bastiyoan ke nirman ke lie thekedaroan dvara in tiloan ko samatal kiye jane ke karan yayaan tvarit nistaran kary karana p da. yahaan 3 mi X 3 mi. ki 6 khattiyoan mean utkhanan kary kiya gaya. utkhanan mean yahaan se poorv krishna-parimarjit sanskriti ke avashesh prakash mean ae haian, jo tamr pashan kalin hai. akatha se abhi koee karban tithi nahian mili hai, lekin any sthaloan se prapt mridabhaandoan ke sath tulanatmak adhyayan ke adhar par is ekal sanskriti ki tithi 1200-1300 ee.poo. mean nirdharit ki ja sakati hai.

pratham kal ki sanskriti ke log apane makanoan ke nirman mean mitti, lak di evan phoos ka prayog karate the. utkhanan mean char stanbh gartoan ye yukt ek pharsh mila hai, jise mitti ke bartanoan ke chhote-tuk doan evan mitti ko kootakar sudridh banaya gaya hai. pharsh par ek choolhe ke avashesh bhi mile haian. yah pharsh akatha mean avasiy praman ka sabase prachin sakshy hai. utkhanan mean pashuoan ki jali huee haddiyaan b di sankhya mean mili haian. isamean se kuchh haddiyaan par katane ke nishan bhi haian, jisase jnat hota hai ki maans-bhakshan ke lie in pashuoan ka vadh kiya gaya tha. is kal ke prapt auzaroan mean pashu-asthiyoan se bane banagr ullekhy haian.

akatha-2 ke utkhanan se prapt mridabhaand krishna lohit, krishna lepit evan lal prakar ke haian. lal mridabhaandoan par lep ka prayog bhi milata hai. yahaan ke nivasiyoan ko mridabhaand alankaran ka bhi vishesh jnan tha. utkhanan se dori chhapit, chataee ki chhap yukt evan chipakava paddhati se alankrit mridabhaangoan ke tuk de pratham kal ke nichale star se prapt hue haian. akatha utkhanan ka navinatam sakshy varanasi ki prachinata ko barahavian-terahavian shatabdi eesa poorv mean sthapit karata hai. is pariprekshy mean saranath aur rajaghat ke praranmbhik staroan ke punarmoolyaankan ki avashyakata hai. nagarikaran ke sandarbh mean yah navinatam sakshy ek nee disha pradan karata hai evan kashi ke ek janapad ke roop mean vikasit hone ki prakriya mean isaka mahattvapoorn yogadan raha hoga.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

tika tippani aur sandarbh

↑ vi. jayasaval, akatha : e saitelaia setilament aauf saranath, varanasi (riport aauf eksakaiveshans kandakted in d iyar 2002), bharati, aank 26, 2000-2002, pri. 61-180.
↑ blaik eand red veyar
↑ blaik slipd
↑ en.bi.pi. veyar)
↑ karineted
↑ sprinkalar

bahari k diyaan

sanbandhit lekh

varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj

a a i ee u oo e ai o au aan k kh g gh n ch chh j jh n t th d dh n t th d dh n p ph b bh m y r l v sh sh s h ksh tr jn rri rri aau shr aah

[1] vi. jayasaval, akatha : e saitelaia setilament aauf saranath, varanasi (riport aauf eksakaiveshans kandakted in d iyar 2002), bharati, aank 26, 2000-2002, pri. 61-180.

[2] red veyar

[3] slipd

[4] .bi.pi. veyar)

[5] rineted

[6] sprinkalar

[1]

[2]

[3]

[4]

[5]

[6]