आर्यभटीय
aryabhatiy (aangrezi: Aryabhatiya) namak granth ki rachana mahan ganitajn aryabhat ne ki thi. yah sanskrit bhasha mean arya chhand mean kavyaroop mean rachit ganit tatha khagolashastr ka granth hai. isaki rachanapaddhati bahut hi vaijnanik aur bhasha bahut hi sankshipt tatha manji huee hai. isamean char adhyayoan mean 121 shlok haian. aryabhatiy, dasagitika pad se arambh hoti hai.
rachana kal
aryabhat ne apane aryabhatiy granth ki rachana 499 ee. mean ki. is chhote-se granth mean unhoanne ganit aur jyotish ki pramukh batean rakhian. is granth mean ham pahali bar dekhate haian ki bharatiy vijnan ne dharm se apane ko svatantr kar liya hai. aryabhat ne yoonaniyoan ka anukaran karate hue, varnamala ke adhar par ek nee aksharaank-paddhati ko janm diya. unaki manyata thi ki prithvi sthir nahian hai, balki yah apane aksh par ghoomati hai. kiantu bad ke bharatiy jyotishiyoan ne unake is siddhaant ki upeksha ki. aryabhat ne yah bhi kaha tha ki soory grahan aur chandr grahan kisi rahu-ketu (rakshasoan) ke karan nahian, balki chandr aur prithvi ki chhayaoan ke karan ghatit hote haian. trikonamiti mean aj bhi aryabhat ki mool vidhiyoan ka istemal hoti haian.[1]
aryabhatiy ke khand
aryabhatiy prachin bharat ki ek mahathvapoorn sanrakshit kriti hai. aryabhat ne ise padyabaddh sanshkrit ke shhlokoan ke roop mean likha hai. sanshkrit bhasha mean rachit is pushtak mean ganit evan khagol vijnan se samhbandhit krantikari sootr diye. pushtak mean kul 121 shhlok ya bandh haian. inako char pad (khanhdoan) mean baanta gaya hai. in khanhdoan ke nam haian: gitikapad, ganitapad, kalakriyapad evan golapad.
1. gitikapad
aryabhatiy ke charoan khandoan mean yah sabase chhota bhag hai. isamean kul 13 shhlok haian. is khanhd ka pahala shhlok mangalacharan hai. yah (tatha is khanhd ke 9 anhy shhlok) gitika chhand mean hai. isilie is khanhd ko gitikapad kaha gaya hai. is khanhd mean jhyotish ke mahathvapoorn siddhaantoan ki janakari di gayi hai. is khanhd mean sanskrit aksharoan ke dvara sankhyaean likhane ki ek ‘aksharaank paddhati’ ke bare mean bhi janakari di gayi hai.
aksharaank paddhati aksharoan ke dvara b di sankhhyaoan ko likhane ki ek aasan takanik hai. is paddhati mean aryabhat ne 'a' se lekar 'o' tak ke aksharoan ko 1 se lekar 1,00,00,00,00,00,00,00 tak shatagunothtar man, k se m tak ke sabhi aksharoan ko 1 se lekar 25 sankhhyaoan ke man tatha y se lekar h tak ke vhyanjanoan ko 30, 40, 50 ke kram mean 100 tak ke man diye. is prakar unhhoanne chhote shabhdoan ke dvara b di sankhhyaoan ko likhane ka ek asan tarika vikasit kiya.
2. ganitapad
is khanhd mean ganit ki charcha ki gayi hai. isamean kul 33 shhlok haian. yah khanhd aankaganit, bijaganit evan rekhaganit se samhbandhit hai, jisake anhtargat varg, vargamool, ghan, ghanamool, tribhuj ka kshetraphal, vritt ka kshetraphal, visham chaturbhuj ka kshetraphal, prijm ka ayatan, gole ka ayatan, vritt ki paridhi, ek samakon tribhuj ka bahu, koti adi ki charcha ki gayi hai.
3. kalakriyapad
kalakriyapad ka arth hai kal ganana. is khanhd mean 25 shhlok haian. yah khanhd khagol vijnan par kendrit hai. isamean kal evan vritt ka vibhajan, saur varsh, chandr mas, nakshatr divas, aantarveshi mas, grahiy pranaliyaan evan gatiyoan ka varnan hai.
4. golapad
yah aryabhatiy ka sabase vrihad evan mahathvapoorn khanhd hai. is khanhd mean kul 50 shhlok haian. is khanhd ke anhtargat ek khagoliy gole mean grahiy gatiyoan ke niroopan ki vidhi samajhaee gayi hai. aryabhat ki khagol vijnan samhbandhi sabhi pramukh dharanaoan ka varnan bhi isi khanhd mean milata hai.
aryabhat jor dekar kahate haian ki prithvi brahmand ka keandr hai aur apane aksh par ghoornan karati hai. vastutah aryabhat pahale bharatiy khagol vijnani the jinhoanne sthir taroan ki dainik abhasi gati ki vyakhya karane ke lie prithvi ki ghoorni gati ka vichar samane rakha. parantu unake is vichar ko n to unake samakalinoan ne manyata pradan ki n hi unake bad ke khagol vijnaniyoan ne. yah anapekshit bhi nahian tha, kyoanki un dinoan am manyata yah thi ki prithvi brahmand ke keandr mean hai aur yah sthir bhi rahati hai.[2]
tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ pustak- bharat: itihas, sanskriti aur vijnan |lekhak- gunakar mule |prakashak- rajakamal prakashan, nee dilli | prishth sankhya- 158
- ↑ aryabhatiy: duniya ko ganit evan khagol vijnan ka path padhane vali mahan kriti (hiandi) saaneetiphik varld. abhigaman tithi: 18 march, 2018.
sanbandhit lekh
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varnamala kramanusar lekh khoj
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