अनिश्चितता सिद्धान्त
anishchitata siddhaant (aangrezi:Heisenberg's Uncertaninty Principle) ki vyutpatti haijanabarg ne kvaantam yaantriki ke vyapak niyamoan se san 1927 ee. mean ki thi. is siddhaant ke anusar kisi gatiman kan ki sthiti aur sanveg ko ek sath ekadam thik-thik nahian mapa ja sakata. yadi ek rashi adhik shuddhata se mapi jaegi to doosari rashi ke mapan mean utani hi ashuddhata badh jaegi, chahe ise mapane mean kitani hi kushalata kyoan n ho. in rashiyoan ki ashuddhiyoan ka gunanaphal 'plaank niyataank' [1] se kam nahian ho sakata hai. yadi kisi gatiman kan ke sthiti nirdashaank x ke mapan mean D x ki truti (ya anishchitata) aur x aksh ki disha mean usake sanveg p ke mapane mean D p ki truti ho to is siddhaant ke anusar
D x ´ D p ³ h
isamean h plaank ka niyataank hai aur chihn ³ ka tatpary yah hai ki anishtitaoan ka gunanaphal dahini or ki rashi h se kam nahian ho sakata hai. isase prakat hota hai ki kisi kan ka koee nirdashaank aur usake sanveg ka tatsangan sanghatak donoan ek sath yatharthata poorvak nahian jane ja sakate aur yadi in donoan sanyugmi rashiyoan mean se ek ki anishchitata bahut kam ho to doosari ki bahut adhik hoti hai.[2]
yatharth mapan
anishchitata ke sanbandh ek or to kan ki sthiti ki kisi tarang se sangati sthapit karane ki sanbhavana ke niyamoan ke tatha doosari or prayikata moolak nirvachan[3] ke vyapak niyamoan ke anivary parinam haian. haijanabarg aur mohar ne napane ki prakriya ka sookshm aur gahan vishleshan karake yah siddh kar diya ki kisi bhi map ke parinam anishchitata siddhaant ke pratikool nahian nikal sakate. yadi ham kisi kan ki sthiti x ekadam shuddh map lean to isaki sthiti ki anishchitata Dx shoony barabar hogi.
us kan ke sanveg ki anishchitata ganit ke niyamoan ke anusar, aparimit ho jaegi. at: ham is saral nishkarsh par pahuanchane ke lie badhy ho jate haian ki jis kshan kal par ham kan ki sthiti ki yatharth map prapt karate haian us kal par usaka veg anirnit ho jata hai. agar kisi kshan kal par kan ka veg param yatharthata se mapa jata hai to us kshan kal par kan ki sthiti kya thi, yah pata lagane ka hamare pas vikalp nahian rahata. aisi avastha mean sthiti aur sanveg donoan ki map kuchh anishchitataoan[4] ke bhitar hi sanbhav hai. is prakar haijanabarg ne siddh kar diya ki sookshm kanoan ke vishv mean mapak upakaranoan ki upayogita simit hoti hai. ye upakaran kanoan ki gati ko yatharth roop mean mapane mean saksham hote haian.[2]
sookshm mapoan ko mapane ka star
vijnan aur takaniki ke anek kshetroan mean sookshm mapoan ko mapane ka star kafi ooanchaee par hai aur is disha mean nirantar pragati ho rahi hai lekin anishchitata siddhaant mapoan ki shuddhata ke lie ek niyat sima nirdharit kar deta hai. upakaran ki shuddhata is sima se adhik nahian sakati hai. aj to lagabhag sabhi bhautijn aise mapan yantr ke avishkar ki asanbhavana ko svikar karate haian jo is siddhaant mean nihit simaoan ka ullanghan kar sakean.
|
|
|
|
|
|