ताड़पत्र (लेखन सामग्री)

lekhan samagri vishay soochi

lekhan samagri    pashaniy shilalekh    eeant    svarn    rajat    kashth    kap da    dhatu    ta dapatr    bhoorjapatr    agarupatr    kagaz    qalam    syahi

thumb|300px|ranjana lipi mean ek ta dapatr-hastalipi, nepal (1165 ee.) prachin bharat ki lekhan samagri mean ta dapatr lekhan ka ek pramukh sadhan raha hai. tal ya ta d vriksh do prakar ke hote haian-

1. kharata d
2. shrita d

prapti sthan

kharata d ke vriksh rajasthan, gujarat aur panjab mean kahian-kahian mil jate haian. inake patte mote aur kam lambe hote haian. ye sookhakar t dakane lagate haian aur kachche to d lene par jaldi hi s d ya gal jate haian. isilie inaka upayog pothiyaan likhane mean nahian hua hai. shrita d ke vriksh malabar tat, bangal, myaanmar aur shrilanka mean b di tadad mean ugate haian. inake patte ek mitar se kuchh adhik lambe aur qarib das seantimitar chau de hote haian. shrita d ke patte zyada samay tak tikate haian, isilie granth lekhan aur chitraankan ke lie adhikatar inhian ka upayog hua hai.

pothiyaan taiyar karana

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granth likhane ke lie jin ta dapatroan ka upayog hota tha, unhean pahale sukha dete the. phir unhean kuchh ghantoan tak pani mean ubalakar ya bhigoe rakhakar punah sukhaya jata tha. shankh, kau di ya chikane patthar se unhean ghotate the. phir unhean ichchhit akar mean katakar lohe ki kalam (shalaka) se un par akshar kurede jate the. phir patroan par kajjal pot dene se akshar kale ho jate the. dakshin bharat mean adhikatar isi tarah ta dapatr ki pothiyaan taiyar ki jati thian. uttar bharat mean ta dapatroan par pray: syahi se lekhani dvara likha jata tha. sanskrit mean likhh aur dhatu ka arth hai kuredana, sanskrit mean lip dhatu ka arth hai lipana. at: lagata hai ki ta dapatr par kuredane (likhh) se lekhan ya likhana shabd bane aur 'syahi lepan' se lipi shabd ka prayog shuroo hua.

jalavayu ka prabhav

ta dapatroan ke lie garm jalavayu hanikarak hai, isilie zyada sankhya mean likhe jane par bhi ta dapatr pothiyaan dakshin bharat mean kam mili haian. rajasthan, kashmir, nepal aur tibbat jaise sookhe aur thande pradeshoan mean ta dapatr pothiyaan adhik sankhya mean mili haian. nepal aur tibbat ki jalavayu inake lie zyada anukool hai. kagaz aur kap de par tamrapatr ka vinashakari prabhav p data hai. isilie ta dapatroan ke sath inhean prayah nahian rakha jata hai.

prachinata

thumb|250px|ta dapatr bharat mean likhane ke lie ta dapatroan ka upayog bahut prachin kal se hota a raha hai. jatak kathaoan mean 'pann' (patr, panna) shabd sambhavatah ta dapatr ke lie hi prayukt hua hai. chini yatri yuvanachvaang ki unake ek shishy ke dvara likhi gee jivani se pata chalata hai ki buddh ke nirvan ke shighr bad huee pratham sangiti mean jo tripitak taiyar hua, use ta dapatroan par likha gaya tha.

prachin hastalipi

ta dapatr ki jo sabase prachin hastalipi mili hai, vah eesa ki doosari sadi ke ek natak ki khandit prati hai. yah ta dapatroan par syahi se likhi gee hai. japan ke 'horyuji mandir' mean 'ushnishavijayadharani' namak lagabhag 600 ee. ki ek 'ta dapatr pothi' surakshit hai. jaisalamer ke granth-bhandar mean ta dapatroan ki kuchh prachin hastalipiyaan mili haian. mahapandit rahul saankrityayan (1893-1963 ee.) ta dapatroan ki kee pothiyaan tibbat se bharat lae haian.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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