गोवा का इतिहास
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gova prachinakal mean gomaanchal, gopakapattanam, gopapuri, aur gomaantak adi kee namoan se vikhyat raha hai. is pradesh ki lanbi aitihasik paranpara rahi hai. gova pashchimi samudr tat par sthit bhootapoorv purtagali basti hai, jo 1961 se bharat ka abhinn aang ban gee.
prachin nam
gova ka prachin hindoo shahar, jisake avashesh ka ek aansh hi bacha hua hai, usaka nirman dvip ke sudoor dakshini bindu par hua tha aur yah arambhik hindoo dantakathaoan aur itihas mean prasiddh tha. puranoan aur abhilekhoan mean isaka nam gove, govapuri v gomat ke roop mean ata hai. madhyakalin arabi bhoogolavidh ise siandaboor ya sandaboor ke nam se aur purtagali velha gova ke roop mean janate the.
shasan
doosari shatabdi se 1312 tak gova par kadamb vansh aur 1312 se 1367 tak dakkan ke muslim akramanakariyoan ka shasan raha. isake bad gova par vijayanagar ke hindoo samrajy ka qabza ho gaya aur bad mean bahamani vansh ne gova ko jit liya, jinhoanne 1440 mean purane gova ki sthapana ki. 1482 ke bad bahamani rajy ke vibhajan ke bad gova bijapur ke muslim shasak yoosoof adil khaan ke adhin a gaya, jo purtagaliyoan ke bharat agaman ke samay isake shasak the. is shahar par march 1510 mean alafaanso-d-albukark ke netritv mean purtagaliyoan ka akraman hua. gova bina kisi sangharsh ke purtagaliyoan ke qabze mean a gaya aur albuqarq ne ek vijeta ki tarah is shahar mean pravesh kiya. tin mahine ke bad yoosoof adil khaan 60 hazar ki sena lekar vapas laute aur bandaragah ke marg par qabza kar liya aur purtagaliyoan ko mee se agast tak apane jahazoan par rukane par majaboor kar diya, isake bad hi manasoon ki samapti ke karan ve vapas samudr mean pahuanch sake. navambar mean albuqarq zyada b di sena ke sath laute aur ek duahsahasi pratirodh par vijay prapt kar unhoanne shahar par punah qabza kar liya aur sabhi musalamanoan ko mar dala tatha ek hindoo timoja ko gova ka prashasak niyukt kiya.
gova purtagaliyoan ka eshiya mean pahala kshetriy qabza tha. albuqarq aur unake uttaradhikariyoan ne dvip ke 30 gramin samuday ke sanvidhan aur riti-rivazoan mean lagabhag sati pratha ke alava kisi bhi prakar ka hastakshep nahian kiya. sati pratha ko unhoanne samapt kar diya.
gova ka patan
gova poorv disha mean samooche purtagali samrajy ki rajadhani ban gaya. ise lisban ke saman nagarik adhikar die ge aur 1575 se 1600 ke bich yah unnati ke sarvochch shikhar par pahuancha. isake bad bharatiy sima mean dach agaman ke sath gova ka patan hone laga. 1603 aur 1639 mean dach be de ke dvara gher liya gaya, halaanki is par kabhi qabza nahian ho saka aur 1635 mean ek mahamari ke karan tabah ho gaya. 1683 mean mugal sena ne ise maratha akramanakariyoan ke qabze mean jane se bachaya aur 1739 mean poore kshetr par inhian akramanakariyoan ka hamala hua aur ne vaisaray ke be de ke anupekshit agaman ke karan hi bach saka.
prashasan ke mukhyalay ko pahale mormoogaanv (vartaman marmagaanv) aur phir 1759 mean panjim (ab panaji) le jaya gaya. gova ke sthaniy nivasiyoan ke purane gova se ne gova ke pravas ka mukhy karan haiza namak mahamari thi.
abhiyan dal
19vian sadi mean nepoliyan ke purtagal par qabze ke karan 1809 mean aangrezoan ka asthayi adhikar; kande di tores novas ka gavarnar kal, 1855 se 1864, jinhoanne kee sudharoan ki shuruat ki aur shatabdi ke doosare arddhaansh mean hue sainik vidroh jaisi ghatanaoan ne yahaan ki bastiyoan ko prabhavit kiya. inamean sabase mahattvapoorn 3 disambar, 1895 mean hua vidroh hai, jisane purtagal ko ek abhiyan dal bhejane par majaboor kar diya. is abhiyan dal ke sath ae alfaanso henariks dukyoo di oparto ne march se mee 1896 mean gavarnar ke adhikaroan ka prayog kiya.
bharatiy ganarajy mean shamil
1948 aur 1949 mean bharat ke gova par dave ke bad purtagal par gova aur is upamahadvip mean usake any sampattiyoan ko chho dane ka dabav badhata gaya. 1954 ke madhy mean gova ke rashtravadiyoan ne dadara tatha nagar haveli ki bastiyoan par qabza kar liya aur bharat samarthak prashasan ki sthapana ki. ek any sankat ki gh di tab aee, jab bharat ke satyagrahiyoan (ahiansak pradarshanakari) ne gova mean ghusane ka prayas kiya. pahale to satyagrahiyoan ko vapas bhej diya gaya, lekin bad mean jab bahut zyada sankhya mean logoan ne sima par karane ka prayatn kiya, to purtagali adhikariyoan ko bal ka prayog karana p da aur kee mautean huee. isase 18 agast, 1955 ko purtagal aur bharat ke bich rajanitik sambandh toot ge. bharat aur purtagal ke bich tanav 18 sitambar, 1961 ko apane charam par pahuancha aur nausena evan vayusena ki madad se bharatiy sena ne gova, daman aur div par qabza kar liya. 1962 mean sanvidhan sanshodhan dvara purtagali bharat ko bharatiy ganarajy mean shamil kar liya gaya.
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