उत्तराखण्ड का इतिहास

[[chitr:A-Veiw-Of-Almora.jpg|thumb|250px|right|almo da ka ek drishy]] uttarakhand ya uttarakhand bharat ke uttar mean sthit ek rajy hai. 2000 aur 2006 ke bich yah uttaraanchal ke nam se jana jata tha, 9 navanbar 2000 ko uttarakhand bharat ganarajy ke 27 vean rajy ke roop mean astitv mean aya. rajy ka nirman kee varsh ke andolan ke pashchath hua. is prant mean vaidik sanskriti ke kuchh sabase mahattvapoorn tirthasthan haian. uttar pradesh se alag kiye gaye ne praant uttaraanchal 8 navambar 2000 ko astitv mean aya. is rajy ki rajadhani deharadoon hai. uttaraanchal apani bhaugolik sthita, jalavayu, naisargik, prakritik drishyoan evan sansadhanoan ki prachurata ke karan desh mean pramukh sthan rakhata hai. uttaraanchal rajy tirth yatra aur paryatan ki drishti se vishesh mahattv rakhata hai. yahaan charoan dham badrinath, kedaranath, yamunotri aur gangotri haian.

pauranik itihas

prachin dharmagranthoan mean uttarakhand ka ullekh kedarakhand, manasakhand aur himavant ke roop mean milata hai. lokakatha ke anusar paandav yahaan par ae the aur vishv ke sabase b de mahakavyoan mahabharat v ramayan ki rachana yahian par huee thi. is kshetr vishesh ke bare mean bahut kuchh kaha jata hai, lekin prachin kal mean yahaan manav nivas ke praman milane ke bavajood is ilaqe ke itihas ke bare mean bahut kam janakari milati hai. bharat ke itihas mean is kshetr ke bare mean sarasari taur par kuchh janakari milati hai. udaharan ke lie hindoo dharm ke punaruddharak adi shankarachary ke dvara himalay mean badrinath mandir ki sthapana ka ullekh ata hai. shankarachary dvara sthapit is mandir ko hindoo chautha aur akhiri math manate haian.

devabhoomi

yahaan par kushanoan, kuniandoan, kanishk, samudragupt, pauravoan, katyooriyoan, paloan, chandroan, panvaroan aur british shasakoan ne shasan kiya hai. isake pavitr tirthasthaloan ke karan ise devataoan ki dharati ‘devabhoomi’ kaha jata hai. uttarakhand ke parvatiy kshetr paryatakoan aur tirthayatriyoan ko nirmal prakritik drishy pradan karate haian. vartaman uttarakhand rajy 'agara aur avadh sanyukt praant' ka hissa tha. yah praant 1902 mean banaya gaya. sanh 1935 mean ise 'sanyukt praant' kaha jata tha. janavari 1950 mean 'sanyukt praant' ka nam 'uttar pradesh' ho gaya. 9 nanvabar, 2000 tak bharat ka 27vaan rajy banane se pahale tak uttarakhand uttar pradesh ka hi hissa bana raha.

svatantryottar itihas

svatantryottar bharat mean 1949 mean isaka ek bar phir ullekh milata hai, jab tihari gadhaval aur ramapur ke do svayatt rajyoan ko sanyukt prant mean milaya gaya. 1950 mean naya sanvidhan aangikar kiye jane ke sath hi sanyukt prant ka nam uttar pradesh rakha gaya aur yah ne bharatiy sangh ka sanvidhan-sammat rajy ban gaya. uttar pradesh ke gathan ke fauran bad hi is kshetr mean g dab di shuroo ho gee. yah mahasoos kiya gaya ki rajy ki bahut vishal janasankhya aur bhaugolik ayamoan ke karan lakhanoo mean baithi sarakar ke lie uttarakhand ke logoan ke hitoan ka dhyan rakhana asambhav hai. berozagari, garibi, peyajal aur upayukt adharabhoot dhaanche jaisi buniyadi suvidhaoan ke abhav aur kshetr ka vikas n hone ke karan uttarakhand ki janata ko andolan karana p da. shuruat mean andolan kuchh kamazor raha, lekin 1990 ke dashak mean yah zor pak d gaya aur 1994 ke muzaffaranagar mean isaki parinati charam par pahuanchi. uttarakhand ki sima se 20 kimi. door uttar pradesh rajy ke muzaffanagar zile mean ramapur tirahe par sthit shahid smarak us andolan ka mook gavah hai, jahaan 2 aktoobar, 1994 ko lagabhag 40 andolanakari pulis ki goliyoan ke shikar hue the. lagabhag ek dashak ke dirghakalik sangharsh ki parakashtha ke roop mean paha di kshetr ke samajik-saanskritik moolyoan ki pahachan aur behatar prashasan ke lie rajanitik svayattata hetu uttaraanchal rajy ka janm hua.

itihas tithi kram

uttarakhand ka itihas tithi kram

varsh	aitihasik ghatanaean
1724	kumaooan rejimeant ki sthapana.
1815	pavaanr naresh dvara tihari ki sthapana.
1816	siangoli sandhi ke anusar adha gadhaval aangrejoan ko diya gaya.
1834	aangrez adhikari trel ne haldvani nagar basaya.
1840	deharadoon mean chay ke bagan ka prarambh.
1841	nainital nagar ki khoj.
1847	roodhaki injiniyariang kalej ki sthapana.
1850	nainital mean pratham mishanari skool khula.
1852	roodhaki mean sainik chhavani ka nirman.
1854	roodhaki gang nahar mean sianchaee hetu jal chhoda gaya.
1857	tihari naresh sudarshan shah ne kashi vishvanath mandir ka jirnoanddhar kiya gaya.
1860	deharadoon mean ashok shilalekh ki khoj. nainital bani grishmakalin rajadhani.
1861	deharadoon, sarve aauf iandiya ki sthapana.
1865	deharadoon mean tar seva prarambh.
1874	almo da nagar mean peyajal byavastha ka prarambh.
1877	maharaja dvara pratapanagar ki sthapana.
1878	gadhaval ke vir sainik balabhadr sianh ko ’ardar af merit’ pradan kiya gaya.
1887	lainsadaun mean gadhaval raifal rejimeant ka gathan.
1888	nainital mean seant jojef kalej ki sthapana.
1891	haridvar - deharadoon rel marg ka nirman.
1894	gohana tal tootane se shrinagar mean kshati.
1896	maharaja kirti shah ne kirtinagar ka nirman.
1897	kotadvar - nazibabad rel seva prarambh.
1899	kathagodam relaseva se ju da.
1900	haridvar - deharadoon relaseva prarambh.
1903	tihari nagar mean bidyut byavastha.
1905	deharadoon eyarafors afis mean eks-re sansthan ki sthapana.
1912	bhavali mean kshay rog aspatal ki sthapana, mansoori mean vidyut yojana.
1914	gadhavali vir, daraban sianh negi ko viktoriya kras pradan kiya gaya.
1918	seth soorajamal dvara rrishikesh mean ’lakshman jhoola’ ka nirman.
1922	gadhaval raifals ko ’rayal’ se sammanit kiya gaya, nainital vidyut prakash mean nahaya.
1926	hemakund sahib ki khoj.
1930	chandrashekhar azad ka dugadda mean apane sathiyoan ke sath shastr prashikshan hetu agaman. deharadoon mean namak satyagrah, mansoori motar marg prarambh.
1932	deharadoon me "iandiyan militari ekedami" ki sthapana.
1935	rrishikesh - devaprayag motar marg ka nirman.
1938	haridvar - gochar havaee yatra ’himalayan eyaravej kampani’ ne shuroo ki.
1942	7vian gadhaval rejimeant ki sthapana.
1945	haidarabad rejimeant ka nam badalakar "kumaooan rejimeant" rakha gaya.
1946	di.e.vi. kalej deharadoon mean kakshaean shuroo huee.
1948	roodhaki injiniyariang kalej - vishvavidyalay mean roopaantarit kiya gaya.
1949	tihari riyasat uttar pradesh mean vilay. almoda kalej ki sthapana.
1953	bangal saipars ki sthapana roodhaki mean ki gee.
1954	haili neshanal park ka nam badalakar jim karbet neshanal park rakha gaya.
1958	mansoori mean digri kalej ki sthapana.
1960	pantanagar mean krishi evan prodyaugiki vishvavidyalay ki adharashila rakhi gee.
1973	gadhaval evan kumaanoo vishvavidyalay ki ghoshana ki gee.
1975	deharadoon prashasanik roop se gadhaval mean sammillit kiya gaya.
1982	chamoli janapad mean 87 ki.mi. mean phaili phooloan ki ghati ko rashtriy udyan ghoshit kiya gaya.
1986	pithauragadh janapad ke 600 varg ki.mi. mean phaile askot vany jiv vihar ki ghoshana ki gee.
1987	pau di gadhaval mean 301 varg ki.mi. mean phaile sona-chaandi vany jiv vihar ki ghoshana ki gee.
1988	almoda vanabhoomi ke kshetr binasar vany jiv vihar ki ghoshana ki gee.
1991	20 aktoobar ko bhookamp mean 1500 vyaktiyoan ki maut.
1992	uttarakashi mean gangotri rashtriy udyan tatha goviand rashtriy udyan ki sthapana.
1994	uttarakhand prathak rajy ke maang - khatima mean goli chali. anek vyaktiyoan ki maut. mujaffaranagar kand.
1995	shrinagar mean aandolanakariyoan par goli chali.
1996	rudraprayag, champavat, bageshvar v udhamasianh nagar, char naye janapad banaye gaye.
1999	chamoli mean bhookamp. 110 vyaktiyoan ki maut.
2000	9 nabambar ko uttarakhand rajy ki sthapana huee.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

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