पश्चिम बंगाल का इतिहास

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is lekh ka punarikshan evan sampadan hona avashyak hai. ap isamean sahayata kar sakate haian. "sujhav"

bharat ke pragaitihasik kal ke itihas mean pashchim bangal ka vishishh‍t sh‍than hai. sikandar ke akraman ke samay bangal mean 'gangaridayi' namak samrajh‍y tha. guph‍t tatha maury samratoan ka bangal par vishesh prabhav nahian pada. bad mean 'shashaank' bangal pradesh ka naresh bana. aisa kaha jata hai ki usane satavian shatabh‍di ke poorvarddh mean uttar-poorvi bharat mean mahath‍vapoorn bhoomika nibhaee. usake bad 'gopal' ne sath‍ta sanbhali aur pal rajavansh ki sh‍thapana ki. pal shasakoan ne vishal samrajh‍y ka nirman kiya aur lagabhag char shatabdiyoan tak rajh‍y kiya. pal shasakoan ke bad bangal par sen rajavansh ka adhikar hua, jinhean bad mean dilli ke muslim shasakoan ne parash‍t kiya. solahavian shatabh‍di mean mugal kal se pahale hi bangal par anek muslim rajaoan aur sultanoan ne shasan kiya. ikhtiyaruddin muhammad bangal ka pahala musalaman vijeta tha.

mugaloan ke pashh‍chat adhunik bangal ka itihas yooropiy tatha aangrezi vh‍yaparik kanpaniyoan ke agaman se aranbh hota hai. sanh 1757 mean plasi ka yuddh ne itihas ki dhara ko mo d diya jab aangrezoan ne pahali bar bangal aur bharat mean apane paanv jamae. sanh 1905 mean rajanitik labh ke lie aangrezoan ne bangal ka vibhajan kar diya lekin kaangres ke netrith‍v mean logoan ke badhate hue akrosh ko dekhate hue 1911 mean bangal ko phir se ek kar diya gaya. isase sh‍vatantrata aandolan ki jh‍vala aur tezise bh dak uthi, jisaka patakshep 1947 mean desh ki azadi aur vibhajan ke sath hua.

1947 ke bad deshi riyasatoan ke vilay ka kam prarambh hua aur rajh‍y punargathan adhiniyam, 1956 ki sipharishoan ke anusar p dosi rajh‍yoan ke kuchh baangh‍labhashi kshetroan ka pashchim bangal mean vilay kar diya gaya.

kolakata ka itihas

[[chitr:Belur-Math-Kolkata.jpg|thumb|beloor math, kolakata
Belur Math, Kolkata|250px]]

1. REDIRECTsaancha:mukhy

prarambhik kal

kalikata nam ka ullekh mugal badashah akabar (shasan kal, 1556-1605) ke rajasv khate mean aur bangali kavi bipradas (1495) dvara rachit 'manasamangal' mean bhi milata hai. ek british basti ke roop mean kolakata ka itihas 1690 mean british eest iandiya kampani ke ek adhikari jab charnok dvara yahaan par ek vyapar chauki ki sthapana se shuroo hota hai. hugali nadi ke tat par sthit bandaragah ko lekar poorv mean charnok ka mugal samrajy ke adhikariyoan se vivad ho gaya tha aur unhean vah sthan chho dane ke lie vivash kar diya gaya tha. jisake bad unhoanne nadi tat par sthit any sthanoan par svayan ko sthapit karane ke kee asaphal prayas kie.

mugal adhikariyoan ne british kampani ke vanijy se hone vale labh ko n khone ki chah mean jab j aaub charnok ko punah lautane ki anumati di, tab unhoanne kolakata ko apani gatividhiyoan ke kendr ke roop mean chuna. sthal ka chunav savadhanipoorvak kiya gaya pratit hota hai, kyoanki yah pashchim mean hugali nadi, uttar mean jvar nad aur poorv mean lagabhag char kilomitar ki doori par lavaniy jhil dvara sanrakshit tha. nadi ke pashchimi tat par ooanche sthanoan par dach, fraansisi v any pratidvandviyoan ki bastiyaan sthit thian. chooanki yah hugali ke bandaragah par sthit tha, isalie samudr se pahuanchane ke marg ko koee khatara nahian tha. is sthal par nadi chau di aur gahari bhi thi. keval ek hi hani thi ki yah atyant daladali kshetr tha, jisase yah jagah asvasthyakar ho gee. isake atirikt, aangrezoan ke ane ke pahale, tin sthaniy gaanvoan, sutanati, kalikata aur govindapur, jo bad mean samoohik roop mean kolakata kahalane lage, ka chayan un bharatiy vyapariyoan ke dvara basane ke lie kiya gaya tha, jo gad se bhare satagaanv ke bandaragah se pravasit hue the. charnok ke sthal chayan mean in vyapariyoan ki upasthiti bhi kuchh had tak uttaradayi rahi hogi.

1696 mean nikatavarti barddhaman zile mean ek vidroh hone tak mugal prantiy prashasan ka is badhati huee basti ke prati dostana vyavahar ho gaya tha. kampani ke karmachariyoan ne jab vyapar chauki ya faiktri ki qilebandi ki anumati maangi, tab unaki suraksha ki samany shartoan par unhean ijazat de di gee. mugal shasan ne vidroh ko asani se daba diya, kintu upaniveshiyoan ka eeant v mitti se bana surakshatmak dhaancha vaisa hi bana raha aur 1700 mean yah fort viliyam kahalaya. 1698 mean aangrezoan ne ve patr prapt kar lie, jisane unhean tin gaanvoan ke zamiandari adhikar (rajasv sangrahan ka adhikar, vastavik svamitv) kharidane ka visheshadhikar pradan kar diya.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh